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2007-06-13T04:21:54Z

Hellenica: New page: This is a list of OrthodoxWikipedians by language.

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2007-06-13T04:20:27Z

Hellenica:

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John Paul II

2007-06-13T03:09:17Z

Hellenica: /* Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church */

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' (Latin: ''Ioannes Paulus PP. II'', Italian: ''Giovanni Paolo II'', Polish: ''Jan Paweł II'') born '''Karol Józef Wojtyła''' ([[May 18]], [[1920]], Wadowice, [[Poland]] – [[April 2]], [[2005]], [[Vatican City]]) reigned as [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] and Sovereign of the [[State of the Vatican City]] from [[October 16]], [[1978]], until his death more than 26 years later, making his the second-longest pontificate in modern times after Pius IX's 31-year reign. He is the only Polish pope, and was the first non-Italian pope since the (Low) German Adrian VI in the 1520s.

The official title of John Paul II, as recognized by the Roman Catholic Church was: Bishop of Rome, Vicar of [[Jesus Christ]], Successor of Saint Peter, Head of the College of Bishops, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West (this title was recently removed from the papal list of titles by the reigning pope, [[Benedict XVI]]), Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the City State of the Vatican, Servant of the Servants of God Pope John Paul II.

His early reign was marked by his opposition to [[communism]], and he is often credited as one of the forces which contributed to its collapse in Eastern Europe.<ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/02/world.reax/index.html World mourns Pope John Paul II]," ''CNN'', (accessed [[April 13]] [[2006]]).</ref> In the later part of his pontificate, he was notable for speaking against [[war]], [[fascism]], [[dictatorship]], [[materialism]], [[abortion]], [[birth control|contraception]], [[relativism]], unrestrained [[capitalism]], and what he deemed the "[[culture of death]]".

John Paul II was Pope during a period in which [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]'s influence declined in developed countries but expanded in the Third World. During his reign, the pope traveled extensively, visiting over 100 countries, more than any of his predecessors. He remains one of the most-traveled world leaders in history. He was fluent in numerous languages: his native Polish and also Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Croatian, Portuguese, Russian and Latin.<ref>http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/philosophy/denominations/catholic/history/johnpaul2.htm Pope John Paul II, ''The Robinson Library'']</ref> As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he [[canonization|canonized]] a great number of people.

In 1992, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. On [[April 2]] [[2005]] at 9:37 p.m. local time, Pope John Paul II died in the Papal Apartments while a vast crowd kept vigil in [[Saint Peter's Square]] below. Millions of people flocked to Rome to pay their respects to the body and for his funeral. The last years of his reign had been marked by his fight against the various diseases ailing him, provoking some concerns as to leadership should he become severely incapacitated/vegetative, and speculation as to whether he should abdicate. On [[May 9]] [[2005]], Pope Benedict XVI, John Paul II's successor, waived the five year waiting period for a cause for [[beatification]] to be opened.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html RESPONSE OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSE FOR BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION OF THE SERVANT OF GOD JOHN PAUL II]</ref>

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

===Relations with Romania===
In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation of his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]]. On his arrival, the Pope was greeted by Patriarch Teoctist and Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity." {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic [[Mass]], respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification. {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

===Relations with Greece===
Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in almost 1300 years, since the visit of Pope Constantine I (r. 708-715) in 710. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved ... [w]e condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the [[Lord's Prayer]] together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

===Relations with other Orthodox countries===
John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, officials of the [[Church of Russia]] were not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

==References==
{{Footnotes}}

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

Talk:John Paul II

2007-06-13T03:08:32Z

Hellenica: /* References section */

==POV==

I deleted the following text:

<blockquote> "With regard to the relations with the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]], Pope John Paul II could not escape the controversy of the involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustasa regime of World War II. He beatified WWII-time archibishop of Zagreb, Alojzije Stepinac, in 1998, the Croatian war-time archbishop of Zagreb, convicted for colaboration with Croatian Ustašas fascist regime in 1946. This move was seen negatively by [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Church]] and Serbian people. On [[June 22]], 2003, he visited Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a main city of Serbian Orthodox population in Bosnia. He held a Mass at the Petrićevac [[monastery]]. It's friars participated in killing Serbs during the World War II (most notorius of them was Fra Stjepan Filipovic Majstorović). Orthodox Bishop of Banja Luka [[Jefrem (Milutinovic) of Banja Luka|Jefrem]] refused to attended the Mass because Pope did not express his regreat. They met later that day." </blockquote>

because it is rather inflammatory and currently unsubstantiated. If the contributor of this text could provide citations and rephrase the tone, then it would be more encyclopedic.

[[User:Hellenica|Hellenica]] 19:41, June 12, 2007 (PDT)

== References section ==

After pasting the Wikipedia text, I attempted to make a References section, only to find I needed some templates. My subsequent attempts to port them have failed with the [[Template:Footnotes|Footnotes Template]] and [[Template:FootnotesSmall|Footnotes Small Template]]. I dont know at the moment how to draw out the citations from the text, so I will try to fix it later. But if someone else wishes to fix it first, please feel free =).

[[User:Hellenica|Hellenica]] 20:08, June 12, 2007 (PDT)

Talk:John Paul II

2007-06-13T03:08:04Z

Hellenica: References section

==POV==

I deleted the following text:

<blockquote> "With regard to the relations with the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]], Pope John Paul II could not escape the controversy of the involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustasa regime of World War II. He beatified WWII-time archibishop of Zagreb, Alojzije Stepinac, in 1998, the Croatian war-time archbishop of Zagreb, convicted for colaboration with Croatian Ustašas fascist regime in 1946. This move was seen negatively by [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Church]] and Serbian people. On [[June 22]], 2003, he visited Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a main city of Serbian Orthodox population in Bosnia. He held a Mass at the Petrićevac [[monastery]]. It's friars participated in killing Serbs during the World War II (most notorius of them was Fra Stjepan Filipovic Majstorović). Orthodox Bishop of Banja Luka [[Jefrem (Milutinovic) of Banja Luka|Jefrem]] refused to attended the Mass because Pope did not express his regreat. They met later that day." </blockquote>

because it is rather inflammatory and currently unsubstantiated. If the contributor of this text could provide citations and rephrase the tone, then it would be more encyclopedic.

[[User:Hellenica|Hellenica]] 19:41, June 12, 2007 (PDT)

== References section ==

After pasting the Wikipedia text, I attempted to make a References section, only to find I needed some templates. My subsequent attempts to port them have failed with the [[Template:Footnotes|Footnotes Template]] and [[Template|FootnotesSmall|Footnotes Small Template]]. I dont know at the moment how to draw out the citations from the text, so I will try to fix it later. But if someone else wishes to fix it first, please feel free =).

[[User:Hellenica|Hellenica]] 20:08, June 12, 2007 (PDT)

John Paul II

2007-06-13T03:04:09Z

Hellenica:

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' (Latin: ''Ioannes Paulus PP. II'', Italian: ''Giovanni Paolo II'', Polish: ''Jan Paweł II'') born '''Karol Józef Wojtyła''' ([[May 18]], [[1920]], Wadowice, [[Poland]] – [[April 2]], [[2005]], [[Vatican City]]) reigned as [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] and Sovereign of the [[State of the Vatican City]] from [[October 16]], [[1978]], until his death more than 26 years later, making his the second-longest pontificate in modern times after Pius IX's 31-year reign. He is the only Polish pope, and was the first non-Italian pope since the (Low) German Adrian VI in the 1520s.

The official title of John Paul II, as recognized by the Roman Catholic Church was: Bishop of Rome, Vicar of [[Jesus Christ]], Successor of Saint Peter, Head of the College of Bishops, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West (this title was recently removed from the papal list of titles by the reigning pope, [[Benedict XVI]]), Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the City State of the Vatican, Servant of the Servants of God Pope John Paul II.

His early reign was marked by his opposition to [[communism]], and he is often credited as one of the forces which contributed to its collapse in Eastern Europe.<ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/02/world.reax/index.html World mourns Pope John Paul II]," ''CNN'', (accessed [[April 13]] [[2006]]).</ref> In the later part of his pontificate, he was notable for speaking against [[war]], [[fascism]], [[dictatorship]], [[materialism]], [[abortion]], [[birth control|contraception]], [[relativism]], unrestrained [[capitalism]], and what he deemed the "[[culture of death]]".

John Paul II was Pope during a period in which [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]'s influence declined in developed countries but expanded in the Third World. During his reign, the pope traveled extensively, visiting over 100 countries, more than any of his predecessors. He remains one of the most-traveled world leaders in history. He was fluent in numerous languages: his native Polish and also Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Croatian, Portuguese, Russian and Latin.<ref>http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/philosophy/denominations/catholic/history/johnpaul2.htm Pope John Paul II, ''The Robinson Library'']</ref> As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he [[canonization|canonized]] a great number of people.

In 1992, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. On [[April 2]] [[2005]] at 9:37 p.m. local time, Pope John Paul II died in the Papal Apartments while a vast crowd kept vigil in [[Saint Peter's Square]] below. Millions of people flocked to Rome to pay their respects to the body and for his funeral. The last years of his reign had been marked by his fight against the various diseases ailing him, provoking some concerns as to leadership should he become severely incapacitated/vegetative, and speculation as to whether he should abdicate. On [[May 9]] [[2005]], Pope Benedict XVI, John Paul II's successor, waived the five year waiting period for a cause for [[beatification]] to be opened.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html RESPONSE OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSE FOR BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION OF THE SERVANT OF GOD JOHN PAUL II]</ref>

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

===Visit to Romania===
In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation of his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]]. On his arrival, the Pope was greeted by Patriarch Teoctist and Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity." {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic [[Mass]], respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification. {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

===Visit to Greece===
Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in almost 1300 years, since the visit of Pope Constantine I (r. 708-715) in 710. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved ... [w]e condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the [[Lord's Prayer]] together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

===Relations with other Orthodox===
John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, officials of the [[Church of Russia]] were not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

==References==
{{Footnotes}}

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

John Paul II

2007-06-13T03:01:32Z

Hellenica:

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' (Latin: ''Ioannes Paulus PP. II'', Italian: ''Giovanni Paolo II'', Polish: ''Jan Paweł II'') born '''Karol Józef Wojtyła''' [{{IPA|ˈkaɾɔl ˈjuzεf vɔi̯ˈtɨwa}}] ([[May 18]], [[1920]], [[Wadowice]], [[Poland]] – [[April 2]], [[2005]], [[Vatican City]]) reigned as [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] and Sovereign of the [[State of the Vatican City]] from [[October 16]], [[1978]], until his death more than 26 years later, making his the second-longest pontificate in modern times after Pius IX's 31-year reign. He is the only Polish pope, and was the first non-Italian pope since the (Low) German Adrian VI in the 1520s. He is one of only four people to have been named to the [[Time 100]] for both the [[20th century]] and for a year in the 21st.

The official title of John Paul II was: Bishop of Rome, Vicar of [[Jesus Christ]], Successor of Saint Peter, Head of the College of Bishops, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West (this title was recently removed from the papal list of titles by the reigning pope, [[Benedict XVI]]), Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the City State of the Vatican, Servant of the Servants of God Pope John Paul II.

His early reign was marked by his opposition to [[communism]], and he is often credited as one of the forces which contributed to its collapse in Eastern Europe.<ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/02/world.reax/index.html World mourns Pope John Paul II]," ''CNN'', (accessed [[April 13]] [[2006]]).</ref> In the later part of his pontificate, he was notable for speaking against [[war]], [[fascism]], [[dictatorship]], [[materialism]], [[abortion]], [[birth control|contraception]], [[relativism]], unrestrained [[capitalism]], and what he deemed the "[[culture of death]]".

John Paul II was Pope during a period in which [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]'s influence declined in developed countries but expanded in the Third World. During his reign, the pope traveled extensively, visiting over 100 countries, more than any of his predecessors. He remains one of the most-traveled world leaders in history. He was fluent in numerous languages: his native Polish and also Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Croatian, Portuguese, Russian and Latin.<ref>http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/philosophy/denominations/catholic/history/johnpaul2.htm Pope John Paul II, ''The Robinson Library'']</ref> As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he [[canonization|canonized]] a great number of people.

In 1992, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. On [[April 2]] [[2005]] at 9:37 p.m. local time, Pope John Paul II died in the Papal Apartments while a vast crowd kept vigil in [[Saint Peter's Square]] below. Millions of people flocked to Rome to pay their respects to the body and for his funeral. The last years of his reign had been marked by his fight against the various diseases ailing him, provoking some concerns as to leadership should he become severely incapacitated/vegetative, and speculation as to whether he should abdicate. On [[May 9]] [[2005]], Pope Benedict XVI, John Paul II's successor, waived the five year waiting period for a cause for [[beatification]] to be opened.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html RESPONSE OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSE FOR BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION OF THE SERVANT OF GOD JOHN PAUL II]</ref>

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

===Visit to Romania===
In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation of his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]]. On his arrival, the Pope was greeted by Patriarch Teoctist and Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity." {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic [[Mass]], respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification. {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

===Visit to Greece===
Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in almost 1300 years, since the visit of Pope Constantine I (r. 708-715) in 710. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved ... [w]e condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the [[Lord's Prayer]] together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

===Relations with other Orthodox===
John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, officials of the [[Church of Russia]] were not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

==References==
{{Footnotes}}

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

Template:FootnotesSmall

2007-06-13T03:01:16Z

Hellenica: template creation

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2007-06-13T03:00:18Z

Hellenica: template creation

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John Paul II

2007-06-13T02:56:00Z

Hellenica: style/format and de-wikifiy

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' (Latin: ''Ioannes Paulus PP. II'', Italian: ''Giovanni Paolo II'', Polish: ''Jan Paweł II'') born '''Karol Józef Wojtyła''' [{{IPA|ˈkaɾɔl ˈjuzεf vɔi̯ˈtɨwa}}] ([[May 18]], [[1920]], [[Wadowice]], [[Poland]] – [[April 2]], [[2005]], [[Vatican City]]) reigned as [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] and Sovereign of the [[State of the Vatican City]] from [[October 16]], [[1978]], until his death more than 26 years later, making his the second-longest pontificate in modern times after Pius IX's 31-year reign. He is the only Polish pope, and was the first non-Italian pope since the (Low) German Adrian VI in the 1520s. He is one of only four people to have been named to the [[Time 100]] for both the [[20th century]] and for a year in the 21st.

The official title of John Paul II was: Bishop of Rome, Vicar of [[Jesus Christ]], Successor of Saint Peter, Head of the College of Bishops, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West (this title was recently removed from the papal list of titles by the reigning pope, [[Benedict XVI]]), Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the City State of the Vatican, Servant of the Servants of God Pope John Paul II.

His early reign was marked by his opposition to [[communism]], and he is often credited as one of the forces which contributed to its collapse in Eastern Europe.<ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/02/world.reax/index.html World mourns Pope John Paul II]," ''CNN'', (accessed [[April 13]] [[2006]]).</ref> In the later part of his pontificate, he was notable for speaking against [[war]], [[fascism]], [[dictatorship]], [[materialism]], [[abortion]], [[birth control|contraception]], [[relativism]], unrestrained [[capitalism]], and what he deemed the "[[culture of death]]".

John Paul II was Pope during a period in which [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]'s influence declined in developed countries but expanded in the Third World. During his reign, the pope traveled extensively, visiting over 100 countries, more than any of his predecessors. He remains one of the most-traveled world leaders in history. He was fluent in numerous languages: his native Polish and also Italian, French, German, English, Spanish, Croatian, Portuguese, Russian and Latin.<ref>http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/philosophy/denominations/catholic/history/johnpaul2.htm Pope John Paul II, ''The Robinson Library'']</ref> As part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he [[canonization|canonized]] a great number of people.

In 1992, he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. On [[April 2]] [[2005]] at 9:37 p.m. local time, Pope John Paul II died in the Papal Apartments while a vast crowd kept vigil in [[Saint Peter's Square]] below. Millions of people flocked to Rome to pay their respects to the body and for his funeral. The last years of his reign had been marked by his fight against the various diseases ailing him, provoking some concerns as to leadership should he become severely incapacitated/vegetative, and speculation as to whether he should abdicate. On [[May 9]] [[2005]], Pope Benedict XVI, John Paul II's successor, waived the five year waiting period for a cause for [[beatification]] to be opened.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html RESPONSE OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSE FOR BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION OF THE SERVANT OF GOD JOHN PAUL II]</ref>

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

===Visit to Romania===
In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation of his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]]. On his arrival, the Pope was greeted by Patriarch Teoctist and Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity." {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic [[Mass]], respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification. {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

===Visit to Greece===
Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in almost 1300 years, since the visit of Pope Constantine I (r. 708-715) in 710. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved ... [w]e condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the [[Lord's Prayer]] together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

===Relations with other Orthodox===
John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, officials of the [[Church of Russia]] were not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

John Paul II

2007-06-13T02:51:19Z

Hellenica: importing introductory text from Wikipedia (needs to be Orthodoxified)

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' was the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Pope]] from 1978 to 2005.

'''Pope John Paul II''' or Pope John Paul II (The Great) ([[Latin]]: ''Ioannes Paulus PP. II'', [[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Giovanni Paolo II'', [[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Jan Paweł II'') born {{Audio|Pl-Karol-Jozef-Wojtyla.ogg|'''Karol Józef Wojtyła'''}} [{{IPA|ˈkaɾɔl ˈjuzεf vɔi̯ˈtɨwa}}] ([[May 18]], [[1920]], [[Wadowice]], [[Poland]] – [[April 2]], [[2005]], [[Vatican City]]) reigned as [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] and Sovereign of the [[State of the Vatican City]] from [[October 16]], [[1978]], until his death more than 26 years later, making his the [[List of 10 longest-reigning popes|second-longest pontificate]] in modern times after [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]]'s 31-year reign. He is the only [[Poles|Polish]] pope, and was the first non-[[Italian people|Italian]] pope since the (Low) German [[Pope Adrian VI|Adrian VI]] in the 1520s. He is one of only four people to have been named to the [[Time 100]] for both the [[20th century]] and for a year in the 21st.
The official title of John Paul II was: Bishop of Rome, Vicar of [[Jesus Christ]], Successor of Saint Peter, Head of the College of Bishops, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Patriarch of the West (this title was recently removed from the papal list of titles by the reigning pope, Benedict XVI), Primate of Italy, Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the City State of the Vatican, Servant of the Servants of God Pope John Paul II.

His early reign was marked by his opposition to [[communism]], and he is often credited as one of the forces which contributed to its collapse in Eastern Europe.<ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/04/02/world.reax/index.html World mourns Pope John Paul II]," ''CNN'', (accessed [[April 13]] [[2006]]).</ref> In the later part of his pontificate, he was notable for speaking against [[war]], [[fascism]], [[dictatorship]], [[materialism]], [[abortion]], [[birth control|contraception]], [[relativism]], unrestrained [[capitalism]], and what he deemed the "[[culture of death]]".

John Paul II was Pope during a period in which [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]]'s influence declined in [[developed country|developed countries]] but expanded in the [[Third World]]. During his reign, the pope traveled extensively, visiting over 100 countries, more than any of his predecessors. He remains one of the most-traveled world leaders in history. He was fluent in numerous languages: his native [[Polish language|Polish]] and also [[Italian language|Italian]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Latin]].<ref>http://www.robinsonlibrary.com/philosophy/denominations/catholic/history/johnpaul2.htm Pope John Paul II, ''The Robinson Library'']</ref> As part of his special emphasis on the [[universal call to holiness]], he [[canonization|canonized]] a great number of people.

In 1992, he was diagnosed with [[Parkinson's disease]]. On [[April 2]] [[2005]] at 9:37 p.m. local time, Pope John Paul II died in the [[Papal Apartments]] while a vast crowd kept vigil in [[Saint Peter's Square]] below. Millions of people flocked to Rome to pay their respects to the body and for his funeral. The last years of his reign had been marked by his fight against the various diseases ailing him, provoking some concerns as to leadership should he become severely incapacitated/vegetative, and speculation as to whether he should abdicate. On [[May 9]] [[2005]], [[Pope Benedict XVI]], John Paul II's successor, waived the five year waiting period for a cause for [[beatification]] to be opened.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/csaints/documents/rc_con_csaints_doc_20050509_rescritto-gpii_en.html RESPONSE OF HIS HOLINESS BENEDICT XVI FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE CAUSE FOR BEATIFICATION AND CANONIZATION OF THE SERVANT OF GOD JOHN PAUL II]</ref>

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

===Visit to Romania===
In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation of his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]]. On his arrival, the Pope was greeted by Patriarch Teoctist and Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity." {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic [[Mass]], respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification. {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

===Visit to Greece===
Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in almost 1300 years, since the visit of Pope Constantine I (r. 708-715) in 710. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved ... [w]e condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the [[Lord's Prayer]] together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

===Relations with other Orthodox===
John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, officials of the [[Church of Russia]] were not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

John Paul II

2007-06-13T02:45:52Z

Hellenica: style/format

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' was the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Pope]] from 1978 to 2005.

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

===Visit to Romania===
In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation of his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]]. On his arrival, the Pope was greeted by Patriarch Teoctist and Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity." {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic [[Mass]], respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification. {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

===Visit to Greece===
Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in almost 1300 years, since the visit of Pope Constantine I (r. 708-715) in 710. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved ... [w]e condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the [[Lord's Prayer]] together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

===Relations with other Orthodox===
John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, officials of the [[Church of Russia]] were not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

Talk:John Paul II

2007-06-13T02:41:47Z

Hellenica: New page: ==POV== I deleted the following text: <blockquote> "With regard to the relations with the Serbian Orthodox Church, Pope John Paul II could not escape the controversy...

John Paul II

2007-06-13T02:26:14Z

Hellenica: removed unsourced POV

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' was the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Pope]] from 1978 to 2005.

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation of his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]]. On his arrival, the Pope was greeted by Patriarch Teoctist and Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity." {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic [[Mass]], respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification. {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in almost 1300 years, since the visit of Pope Constantine I (r. 708-715) in 710. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved ... [w]e condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the [[Lord's Prayer]] together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, officials of the [[Church of Russia]] were not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

John Paul II

2007-06-13T02:23:57Z

Hellenica: clean up

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' was the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Pope]] from 1978 to 2005.

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation of his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]]. On his arrival, the Pope was greeted by Patriarch Teoctist and Romanian President Emil Constantinescu. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity." {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic [[Mass]], respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification. {{Fact|date=June 2007}}

Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in almost 1300 years, since the visit of Pope Constantine I (r. 708-715) in 710. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved ... [w]e condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the [[Lord's Prayer]] together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

With regard to the relations with the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]], Pope John Paul II could not escape the controversy of the involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustasa regime of World War II. He beatified WWII-time archibishop of Zagreb, Alojzije Stepinac, in 1998, the Croatian war-time archbishop of Zagreb, convicted for colaboration with Croatian Ustašas fascist regime in 1946. This move was seen negatively by [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Church]] and Serbian people. On [[June 22]], 2003, he visited Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a main city of Serbian Orthodox population in Bosnia. He held a Mass at the Petrićevac [[monastery]]. It's friars participated in killing Serbs during the World War II (most notorius of them was Fra Stjepan Filipovic Majstorović). Orthodox Bishop of Banja Luka [[Jefrem (Milutinovic) of Banja Luka|Jefrem]] refused to attended the Mass because Pope did not express his regreat. They met later that day.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, officials of the [[Church of Russia]] were not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Fr. Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

Template:User clergy

2007-06-13T02:03:58Z

Hellenica: no need for qualification, those using infoboxes would likely specify their jurisdiction (if Orthodox) or denomination (if not)

{{Userbox
|border-c = #29872A
|border-s = 2
|id-c = #fff
|id-s = 15
|id-fc = #29872A
|info-c = #29872A
|info-s = 8
|info-fc = #fff
|id = [[Image:Kalymavchion.gif|50px]]
|info = This user is a member of the [[clergy|<span style="color:white">clergy</span>]]
}}

User talk:ASDamick

2007-04-01T03:59:20Z

Hellenica: Kallistos Ware

* [[/Archive 1|Archive 1]] (Dec. 18, 2004 - June 17, 2005)
* [[/Archive 2|Archive 2]] (July 5, 2005 - Dec. 15, 2005)
* [[/Archive 3|Archive 3]] (Dec. 23, 2005 - Aug. 2, 2006)

----

== Baby ==

Congratulations to you both! We are expecting our little baby girl in mid-October 2006. We might have to swap tips! [[User:Joe Rodgers|{{User:Joe Rodgers/sig}}]] 23:48, August 5, 2006 (CDT)

== Working on Bishop Basil entry ==

Dear ASDamick,

Thank you for your recent changes to the article on [[Basil (Osborne) of Amphipolis]]. I'm glad to see us working on this text together. I would like to see it accurately and dispassionately reflect the full state of affairs surrounding this bishop. I think that most of your revisions to my recent update of the text have been very helpful - again, my many thanks for them.

A few points that I think still need some further consideration:

* ''Title:'' The title 'Bishop of Amphipolis' is contested, and highly controversial. It doesn't seem appropriate for the OrthodoxWiki article on the bishop to take a definitive side one way or the other on this matter. I had altered the text to address this, which you refined nicely. However, I do think it appopriate that the issue is left relatively open, by simply referring to him as 'Bishop Basil' in most cases (e.g. in the caption under the photograph). The title of the article gives him the title 'Bishop of Amphipolis' already, which points things in a certain reading; but I think we need to be wary of giving 'our own blessing' to a matter that is disputed amongst the patriarchates.

* ''Nature of the bishop's retirement:'' I've corrected the paragraph on the nature of the bishop's forced retirement. This was not made because he sought reception in the EP, but because he sought to do so preemptorily, without canonical release and order.

* ''Title in summary box:'' In line with my point above on the bishop's title, I think it is only fair / accurate to return the small footnote qualifier on the title in the summary box at the bottom. Not to do so seems to claim, in the article, that the matter is disputed and open, only to go on in the summary information to present it as a closed/decided issue. I think in fairness to the actual situation, this small flag is warranted and not in itself a bias (cf. for example the summary boxes on autocephalous churches on Wikipedia, where a small asterisk is used next to churches whose autocephaly is disputed by some).

I've made edits to the article this morning to account for the above points; I hope they're in general things you approve of (I've made them as separate edits, so you can see the progression).

--[[User:Antonios aigyptos|Antonios]] 07:08, August 6, 2006 (CDT)

== Edit count ==

''"I'm currently in the lead and hoping I hit 10,000 first. (There's probably no prize, though.)"''
:I think we should throw a party. [[User:FrJohn|Fr. John]]
::Seen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:AmiDaniel/VandalProof ? [[User:FrJohn|Fr. John]]

==Bp [[Thomas (Joseph) of Oakland]]==
Thanks for responding to the issue on my talk page; I fear that, in the mood I was in, my response would have been somewhat less than an exhibition of perfect charity. — edited by [[User:Pistevo|<font color="green">Pιs</font><font color="gold">τévο</font>]] <sup>''[[User talk:Pistevo|<font color="blue">talk</font>]]'' ''[[User talk:Pistevo/dev/null|<font color="red">complaints</font>]]''</sup> at 07:13, August 14, 2006 (CDT)

== Byzantine response to OCA autocephaly ==

The bullet lists in [[Byzantine response to OCA autocephaly]]: Are they simply listing every single argument made by the Byzantine churches against OCA autocephaly? Because this one really boggles the mind:
" * Moscow's act is an attempt to extend Soviet influence into America. "

This was perhaps tossed out by someone, somewhere, at some time, in an effort to amass as many objections as possible, but it clearly has no bearing whatsoever on the current state of affairs (as the rest of the article appears to). I'm not going to edit it quit yet (since you put it in there), but a footnote or an external link might be appropriate. Otherwise, it's completely spurious except as a historical curiosity which has clearly proven to be laughable.
--[[User:Basil|Basil]] 16:16, August 14, 2006 (CDT)

:I agree that documentation would be helpful. Historical arguments would be useful to keep in, as they do give some perspective on the historical relations between the two jurisdictions. [[User:FrJohn|Fr. John]]

==Return==
A nice, subtle change that has not gone unnoticed. I look forward to your inactive partication! — [[User:FrJohn|<b>FrJohn</b>]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

Welcome back, Deacon Andrew. I missed your discipline on keeping a consistent format for the articles. I mean this sincerely as I looked forward to your catching my "typos". It had kept me on the 'ball' but I still needed a good editor. [[User:Wsk|Wsk]] 13:57, October 9, 2006 (CDT)

==Congrats==
I see you signed your last contribution "Father Andrew." Congratulations on your ordination! [[User:Gabriela|Gabriela]] 22:31, October 30, 2006 (CST)

== corrupted letters ==

In editing the page [[Timeline of Church History]] with minor edits, the link you added [[bg:Времева лини�? на църковната и�?тори�?]] became corrupted. I would fix it, but the corrupted letters do not display on any of my browsers even if I look at the history. - [[User:Andrew|Andrew]] 10:04, November 7, 2006 (PST)

:AFAIK, this is a known issue with an upgrade to MySQL 5. I'm not enough of a whiz to fix the problem, and the damage is minimal, so we'll have to do it manually... Sorry! — [[User:FrJohn|<b>FrJohn</b>]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

== Interwiki ==

Hi dear Father, I was leaving off the extra interwiki links for the Mian page until the additional localizations are ready for "Beta" stage, by which I mean that all the necessary documents have been translated... The "release" stage will then be when there are strong enough communities and moderation around these wikis to really launch them - i.e content and spam problems are dealt with quickly. — [[User:FrJohn|<b>FrJohn</b>]] ([http://www.orthodoxwiki.org/User_talk:FrJohn&action=edit&section=new talk])

==Metaxakis entry==
Dear Father,
Thank you for pointing out the issues of NPOV and MCB with the last edit I had entered. Of course I agree with having those standards for an encylopedic entry and I would like to see a better product along the lines you suggest. However I do have a few comments if i may.
* I feel that the substance of what was written - about the agenda of the Pan Orthodox Congress of 1923 - actually was accurate and unbiased; after all history is history, and if those were the subjects that were tabled at that congress, it is a matter of history and a very important matter at that, and information which every Orthodox Christian today has a right to be informed and aware of. Im sure you agree that to simply list the items of the agenda as they were, is, I think is a neutral approach ''(i.e. "here is what what was proposed in 1923: 1, 2, 3, 4,..etc, in fact seven changes in all.)'' Not sure how else to word that part of it, it is what it is; some subjects such as this particular example, may not be neutral in themselves, and for us to attempt to make them so or omit them risks the error of creating our own modern bias instead, a risk every historian is aware of. The writing of history must be impartial, whether the historical facts in themselves are or arent impartial to us is another matter. I agree that the source timeline that I located the information on would be NPOV/MCB, however as for the information in itself, it is either factual or it is isn't (fabricated)....in other words there was no editing or personal opinions presented with that list, just the list of proposals in 1923 itself . And I remember seeing a similar list of items (from the 1923 congress) years ago on an OCA site, which I cannot find now. And so for this reason I believe it is necessary and important to have this part included for the complete and unbiased picture.
* As for the second section I had entered (comparative study), which included a link to a site which detailed things about Metaxakis' early Masonic involvement right down to his troubled death, yes it too did not come from a MCB site, and that will need to be re-worked as you commented, perhaps with more research from other sources; but it too presented disturbing details, which in themselves were by nature * not neutral * (i.e. if he attained 33rd degree in 1909 that's important; if he was buried with Masonic honours in 1935 that fact too is important). It is doubtful how much other written research exists on this subject, at least in English.
At any rate I appreciate the direction. Would be interested in what you think. Cheers,
Chris.

== Thanks and congrats ==

Dear Father, thank you for your friendly welcoming and congratulations for your ordination! --[[User:Cat68|Cat68]] 08:55, February 16, 2007 (PST)

== HC invasion ==

Yes, indeed, we have descended. Our social ethics project has been, basically, to make sure that there were articles written for just about every article under the Ethics section. This is the first phase, followed by a review by the professor, after which you can expect changes to these articles (whether or not they've been worked on by other people in the mean time). [[User:Vandrona|Vandrona]]

== Baby ==

Congrat's on the birth of your first child!--[[User:AKCGY|AKCGY]] 15:08, March 5, 2007 (PST)

Congratulations from the Andronaches, as well. Magda also wants me to add that she approves of March births :) [[User:Vandrona|Vandrona]] 15:31, March 5, 2007 (PST)

Aww, wow! I wish you and especially your wife the best of luck. You're going to have your hands full, I'm sure. I can't even imagine the responsibility. [[User:Gabriela|Gabriela]] 20:34, March 5, 2007 (PST)

== Thanks ==

Thank you for help, Father. [[User:Ddpbf|Ddpbf]] 18:25, March 10, 2007,(CET)

==Julian==
Ok, I admit my ignorance. Thanks for the info. [[User:Gabriela|Gabriela]] 17:23, March 12, 2007 (PDT)

== I Hope I'm Doing this Right ==

Hello Fr. Andrew,
We have communicated via e-mail before. In fact, I recall you asking me years ago to get involved in this site. Now that I am starting to figure out how it works I will finally try to do so.

Thanks for your kind words

[[User:Frjohnwhiteford|Frjohnwhiteford]] 16:41, March 18, 2007 (CDT)

== See the above comments ==

I finally figured out the right way. My comments above were added a longer route.

== Versions of names ==

Bless father.
I am asking wich versions of names I should to use? I was using Serbian versions, because in articles abut St. Sava, St. Nikolaj etc were used Serbian versions. Now I was told to use English versions. I am confused. Literature in english uses more often Serbian versions.
[[User:Ddpbf|Ddpbf]] March 20, 17:24 (CET)

== Interwiki ==

It seams that ww have problems with inter wiki on serbian page. From English to Serbian it works good but problem.--[[User:Ddpbf|Ddpbf]] 10:20, March 27, 2007 (PDT)

==images' deletion==

Dear father your blessing.
returning from Mt. Athos yesterday i found your notice about the deletion of my images because of tags' lack. i'm not at all familiar with all that electronic-copyright-jargon and i'm not sure whether the corrections i did will work. i hope i'm not troubling you too much with my ignorance.
may the Holy Week and Easter brings light in your family and to you personally.

yours
/vassili
: [[User:Vassilip|Vassilip]] 02:47, March 29, 2007 (PDT)

Dear father

both images are personal and i have the only original copies. truly i'm not cognizant of copyright policies and i used what i thought as probably more appropriate (i used the ''commons'' one because i read i had to do it).
again, i'm relly sory for all that mess.

yours indeed
: [[User:Vassilip|Vassilip]] 05:08, March 29, 2007 (PDT)

== Kallistos Ware ==

I arrived at his article and was surprised to find that his elevation to Metropolitan had already been updated. Kudos.

I was at a lecture hosted by His Eminence earlier today at [http://www.gocoos.org/ Greek Orthodox Church of Our Savior] in Rye, NY. The parish priest who introduced him mentioned to the audience that "Bishop" Ware was unaware of his elevation until the priest told him upon his arrival. Thus was I bemused at reading your update. Just out of curiosity, were you at the lecture as well? One of the brother priests perhaps? (There were quite a few other priests, and even a Romanian bishop) Or did you come upon the information some other way?

[[User:Hellenica|Hellenica]] 20:59, March 31, 2007 (PDT)

Talk:Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia

2007-04-01T03:53:10Z

Hellenica: New page: ==Elevation to Metropolitan== I was surprised someone else heard of this as well. ~~~~

==Elevation to Metropolitan==

I was surprised someone else heard of this as well. [[User:Hellenica|Hellenica]] 20:53, March 31, 2007 (PDT)

John Paul II

2007-03-20T19:39:13Z

Hellenica: new image

[[Image:John_Paul_II.jpg|thumb|Pope John Paul II]]

'''John Paul II''' was the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Pope]] of Rome from 1978 to 2005.

==Relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church==

In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania on the invitation from his Beatitude [[Teoctist (Arapasu) of Romania|Teoctist]], the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Romania|Romanian Orthodox Church]]. This was the first time a Pope had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the [[Great Schism]], the event that separated Eastern Orthodoxy and Western Roman Catholicism, conventionally dated to the year 1054. On his arrival, the Patriarch as well as the President of Romania, Emil Constantinescu, greeted the Pope. The Patriarch stated, "The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity."

On [[May 9]], the Pope and the Patriarch each attended a worship service conducted by the other (an Orthodox [[Divine Liturgy|Liturgy]] and a Catholic Mass, respectively). A crowd of hundreds of thousands of people turned up to attend the worship services, which were held in the open air. The Pope told the crowd, "I am here among you pushed only by the desire of authentic unity. Not long ago it was unthinkable that the bishop of Rome could visit his brothers and sisters in the faith who live in Romania. Today, after a long winter of suffering and persecution, we can finally exchange the kiss of peace and together praise the Lord." A large part of Romania's Orthodox population has shown itself warm to the idea of Christian reunification.

Two years later, in 2001, John Paul II became the first Pope to visit Greece in 1291 years. The visit was controversial, and the Pontiff was met with protests and snubbed by Eastern Orthodox leaders, none of whom met his arrival.

In Athens, the Pope met with [[Archbishop]] [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos]], the head of the [[Church of Greece|Greek Orthodox Church in Greece]]. After a private 30-minute meeting, the two spoke publicly. Christodoulos read a list of "13 offences" of the Roman Catholic Church against the Orthodox Church since the Great Schism, including the pillaging of Constantinople by crusaders in 1204. He also bemoaned the lack of any apology from the Roman Catholic Church, saying that "until now, there has not been heard a single request for pardon" for the "maniacal crusaders of the 13th century."

The Pope responded by saying, "For the occasions past and present, when sons and daughters of the Catholic Church have sinned by action or omission against their Orthodox brothers and sisters, may the Lord grant us forgiveness," to which Christodoulos immediately applauded. John Paul also said that the sacking of Constantinople was a source of "deep regret" for Catholics.

Later, John Paul and Christodoulos met on a spot where [[Saint]] [[Apostle Paul|Paul]] had once preached to Athenian Christians. They issued a "common declaration," saying, "We shall do everything in our power, so that the Christian roots of Europe and its Christian soul may be preserved. ... We condemn all recourse to violence, proselytism and fanaticism, in the name of religion." The two leaders then said the Lord's Prayer together, breaking an Orthodox taboo against praying with Catholics.

However, during the visit the Pope avoided any mention of Cyprus, still a source of tension between the two faiths.

John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as [[Church of Ukraine|Ukraine]], despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that an end to the Schism was one of his fondest wishes.

With regard to the relations with the [[Church of Serbia|Serbian Orthodox Church]], Pope John Paul II could not escape the controversy of the involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustasa regime of World War II. He beatified Aloysius Stepinac in 1998, the Croatian war-time archbishop of Zagreb, a move seen negatively by those who believe that he was an active collaborator with the Ustaše fascist regime. On [[June 22]], 2003, he visited Banja Luka in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a city inhabited by many Catholics before the 1992-1995 war, but since then predominantly Orthodox. He held a Mass at the Petrićevac [[monastery]], a place of considerable controversy and distress, both during the World War II and during the Yugoslav wars.

The Pope had also been saying during the entire pontificate that one of his greatest dreams was to visit Russia, which never actually happened. He had made several attempts to solve the problems which arose during centuries between the Roman Catholic Church and [[Church of Russia|Russian Orthodox Church]], like giving back the Kazan [[Icon]] of the [[Mother of God]] in August 2004. However, the Orthodox side was not that enthusiastic, giving statements like: "The question of the visit of the Pope in Russia is not connected by the journalists with the problems between the Churches, which are now unreal to solve, but with giving back one of many sacred things, which were illegally stolen from Russia." (Vsevolod Chaplin). There were also statements saying that the icon which was returned was one of four copies made of the original icon, which is still in an unknown location.

==Orthodox Perspectives on his life and work==
* [http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/17/news/edhopko.html Holding on to all that humanity can mean] - Thomas Hopko, ''International Herald Tribune'' Monday, April 18, 2005 ([http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HopkoPope.shtml ''Alternate link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/PelikanPope.shtml The Great Unifier: Pope John Paul II] - Jaroslav Pelikan, ''NY Times'' ([http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/04/opinion/04pelikan.html?n=Top%2fOpinion%2fEditorials%20and%20Op%2dEd%2fOp%2dEd ''Original link''])
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/HilarionPope.shtml Russian Orthodox Official Hopeful for a Prompt Beatification: A Great Pope, Bishop Hilarion Says of John Paul II] - ''Zenit News'', April 5, 2005
* [http://orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/JohnsonPope.shtml Memories of the Pope] - Jeffery A. Johnson (''A parishioner of St. Thomas Antiochian Orthodox Church, Sioux City, Iowa'')

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul I]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=1978-2005|
after=[[Benedict XVI]]}}
{{end box}}

{{stub}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

File:John Paul II.jpg

2007-03-20T19:38:23Z

Hellenica: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JohannesPaulII.jpg from Wikipedia] License: "This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of th

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:JohannesPaulII.jpg from Wikipedia]

License: "This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States Federal Government under the terms of Title 17, Chapter 1, Section 105 of the US Code."

File:BenedictXVI.jpg

2007-03-20T19:35:46Z

Hellenica: HTML to Wiki markup

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pope_Benedictus_XVI_january%2C20_2006_%282%29_mod.jpg from Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons]

License granted "As per original GFDL and CC share alike 2.0"

Benedict XVI

2007-03-20T19:34:35Z

Hellenica: new image

[[Image:BenedictXVI.jpg|thumb|Pope Benedict XVI]]

'''Benedict XVI''' (Latin: Benedictus PP. XVI), born '''Joseph Alois Ratzinger''', is the 265th and current [[Pope]] of the [[Roman Catholic Church]], and by virtue of that office, [[Sovereign]] of the [[Vatican|Vatican City State]]. He was elected on 19 April 2005 in a [[papal conclave]], celebrated his Papal Inauguration Mass on 24 April 2005, and took possession of his cathedral, the [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]], on 7 May 2005. Pope Benedict has both German and Vatican citizenship. He succeeded [[John Paul II]], who died at the beginning of April 2005.

===Dialogue with Christian religions===

Speaking at his weekly audience in St Peter's Square on 7 June, 2006, Pope Benedict asserted that Jesus himself had entrusted the leadership of the Church to his apostle [[Saint Peter|Peter]]. "Peter's responsibility thus consists of guaranteeing the communion with Christ," said Pope Benedict. "Let us pray so that the primacy of Peter, entrusted to poor human beings, may always be exercised in this original sense desired by the Lord, so that it will be increasingly recognised in its true meaning by brothers who are still not in communion with us." The Roman Catholic Church teaches that the Pope has a leading role among Christians because as [[bishop]] of Rome he is successor to the apostle Peter who first held the office. The role of the Roman Catholic papacy remains a source of controversy, not only for [[Protestant]] denominations but also for [[Eastern Orthodox]] churches and members of the [[Restorationism]] movement, which does not accept the dogmas of the [[First Vatican Council]].

The bishops of the Ecumenical Orthodox [[Patriarchate of Constantinople]] have expressed concern over Pope Benedict XVI's decision to drop "patriarch of the West" from his official titles in the Vatican yearbook. In a [[June 8]], 2006 statement, the chief secretary of the Orthodox bishops' [[synod]] said dropping "patriarch of the West" while retaining the titles "vicar of Jesus Christ" and "supreme pontiff of the universal church" is "perceived as implying a universal jurisdiction of the bishop of Rome over the entire church, which is something the Orthodox have never accepted." The statement was issued after synod members discussed the change during their early June meeting. [[Cardinal]] [[Walter Kasper]], president of the [[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity]], said in a March statement that dropping the title of patriarch in reference to the pope does not minimize the importance of the patriarchal office, particularly in relation to the ancient Eastern churches. "Even less can this suppression be seen as implying new claims" of power or authority on the part of the Vatican, he said. However, members of the Orthodox synod disagreed. From their point of view, "the geographical limits of each ecclesiastical jurisdiction" have been a key part of the structure of the church from the earliest days of Christianity. The church as a whole is "a unity of full local churches" and not a monolith divided into local units simply for the sake of easier governance. The Orthodox synod's statement said that, with the international Catholic-Orthodox theological dialogue set to begin again in September with plans to deal with the "thorny problem" of papal primacy, it would have been better not to have dropped the title without consultation.

A leading [[Ukrainian Orthodox]] spokesman has said that a visit to Ukraine by Pope Benedict XVI would be "untimely," according to the country's RISU news service. "If Pope Benedict is a moral and a spiritual person and wants only good for Ukraine and its people, he will never take such an unreasonable step," said Valentyn Lukianyk, the head of the Union of Orthodox Brotherhoods of [[Ukraine]]. He was responding to the news that Ukrainian President [[Viktor Yushchenko]] has invited the Pope to visit the country. There have been numerous clashes between Orthodox and Catholic believers over the ownership of [[parish]] properties that were confiscated by the [[Communists]] and handed over to Orthodox clerics. At the same time, Orthodox leaders have complained that Catholics are engaged in "proselytism," seeking converts among Orthodox believers. In his statement opposing a papal visit, Lukianyk said that relations between Catholics and Orthodox in Ukraine are now "warming." A visit by Pope Benedict, he said, would place an undue burden on those sensitive ties.

==External links==
*[http://www.eni.ch/articles/display.shtml?06-0459 Benedict's call on papacy will increase divisions, says Italian Protestant]
*[http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0603382.htm Orthodox express concern about dropping 'patriarch of the West' title]
*[http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=44743 Ukrainian Orthodox spokesman opposes papal visit]

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=[[John Paul II]]|
title=[[Pope|Roman Catholic Pope]]|
years=2005-present|
after=incumbent}}
{{end box}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic Popes]]
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]

File:BenedictXVI.jpg

2007-03-20T19:33:45Z

Hellenica: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pope_Benedictus_XVI_january%2C20_2006_%282%29_mod.jpg">fr om Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons</a> License granted "As per original GFDL and CC share alike 2.0"

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Pope_Benedictus_XVI_january%2C20_2006_%282%29_mod.jpg">fr om Wikipedia via Wikimedia Commons</a>

License granted "As per original GFDL and CC share alike 2.0"

Vladimir of Kiev

2006-12-11T16:37:24Z

Hellenica:

[[Image:Vladimir of Kiev.jpg|right|thumb|200px|St. Vladimir, Grand Prince of Kiev]]
The holy and right-believing '''Vladimir (Svyatoslavich), Baptizer of Kievan Rus''' (958-1015) was the Grand Prince of Kiev when Orthodoxy was introduced into present day Russia and Ukraine. He is also the grandson of [[Olga of Kiev|St. Olga]], and the father of Sts. Boris and Gleb the [[Passion-bearer|Passion-Bearers]]. He is commemorated by the Church on [[July 15]].
==Life==
St. Vladimir was a devout pagan in his early life. He was a great conqueror who had many wives and erected many pagan statues in the lands that he ruled over.

Upon finding out that other faiths existed beyond his own paganism, he decided to send his envoys out into the world to find out what was true faith on earth.

His envoys met with Muslims, but felt that there was no joy among them, and that their faith was very mechanical. The envoys also met with Jews and Catholics, but were still unimpressed.

Everything changed, however, when the envoys arrived in [[Constantinople]]. Upon attending [[Divine Liturgy]] in [[Hagia Sophia (Constantinople)|Hagia Sophia]], the envoys said, "We no longer knew whether we were in heaven or on earth."

Taking the word of his envoys, St. Vladimir had himself and his nation [[baptism|baptized]] into the [[Orthodox Church]].

St. Vladimir changed completely after his baptism. He destroyed all the pagan statues that stood in Kievan Rus, and replaced them with churches. He also attempted to live in peace as much as possible with his neighbors and had only one wife.
==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Holy Prince Vladimir,
:you were like a merchant in search of fine pearls.
:By sending servants to Constantinople for the Orthodox Faith, you :found Christ, the priceless pearl.
:He appointed you to be another Paul,
:washing away in baptism your physical and spiritual blindness.
:We celebrate your memory,
:asking you to pray for all Orthodox Christians and for us, your :spiritual children.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:Most glorious Vladimir, in your old age you imitated the great apostle Paul:
:he abandoned childish things, while you forsook the idolatry of your youth.
:Together with him you reached the fullness of divine wisdom:
:You were adorned with the purity of holy baptism.
:Now as you stand before Christ our Savior, pray that all Orthodox Christians may be saved.

[[Category:Emperors and Kings]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Genuine Greek Orthodox Church of America

2006-12-05T14:39:08Z

Hellenica: Calendarist misspelling

== Introduction ==

The American Metropolis of the Genuine Greek Orthodox Church of America is an autonomous diocese of the [[Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of Greece]] (GOC). It is also known as the [[Hellenic Orthodox Traditionalist Church of America]], or simply as the [[Greek Old Calendarist Church]].

Prior to the establishment of this diocese, there were still several independent Greek parishes in North America that had not been regularized by [[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople|Archbishop Athenagoras]], who had been for several years going from parish to parish, bringing independents into the fold of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]]. These independent parishes sometimes looked to Greece for priests, and sometimes turned to [[episcopi vagante|vagante bishops]] such as [[Christopher Contageorge]]. The situation in general in the 1930's and 40's was one of ecclesiastical confusion, and [[Old Calendarism]] ''per se'' could be seen in some cases as a side effect of the parish remaining independent rather than as a purely idealogical position.

== Arrival of Archimandrite Petros ==

In 1951, [[Archimandrite Petros (Astyfides)]] arrived in New York at the invitation of [[Arsenios Saltas]], whom he understood to be the Greek Old Calendarist bishop of America. Soon learning that this was not the case, Archimandrite Petros resolved to return to Greece. However, two women in Queens persuaded him to begin services for [[them, and by 1954 [[Saint Markella's Cathedral]] was established.

Archimandrite Petros began to gather various independent parishes, until a diocese was formed. During this time, he was under the [[Metropolia]] and then the [[ROCOR]]. Two ROCOR bishops--[[Seraphim]] and [[Leonty]]--consecrated him to the episcopacy in November 1962. This consecration was not technically speaking canonical as it was done in secret; however, by 1969 the ROCOR had recognized the necessity of this and other Old Calendarist consecrations, and recognized the Greek Old Calendarist bishops. At this time, Metropolitan Petros joined with the Synod in Greece officially.

== Dispute over Grace ==

In 1974, the Synod of the Greek Old Calendarist Church reiterated its belief that the [[New Calendar Church]] was schismatic and devoid of grace. Metropolitan Petros was opposed to this decision and asked the ROCOR bishops what to do, since they had consecrated him, and his consecration certificate stated that he would defer to the Synod if any question arose. While this may seem a simplistic reasoning, the Metropolitan was concerned to keep his pledge.

By not signing the declaration, Metropolitan Petros was forced out of the Synod of the GOC, and as a result the [[Metropolis of North and South America]] passed first to [[Metropolitan Anthony]] and then [[Archimandrite Paisios (Loulourgas)]]. The later was eventually consecrated a bishop in 1979 and took his [[Cathedral]] seat at [[Saint Irene Chrysovalantou Monastery]] in Queens. From this point on he was the bishop of the Metropolis.

== Reunion in 1985 ==

In 1985, Metropolitan Petros began talks with the Synod culminating in his return to the Synod. He was given a title of [[Metropolitan of Astoria]] which was irregular since Metropolitan Paisios, the Metropolitan of North and South America, resided down the street. Nevertheless, this was an attempt to find peace in the Church, which lasted until Metropolitan Paisios left the Synod again in 1995 to join the [[Lamian Synod]], and then from it the [[Athanasian Synod]], and finally found himself joining the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] in 1998. From 1995 on, Metropolitan Petros can be considered as the Metropolitan of North and South America.

== Ascension of Metropolitan Pavlos ==

In 1997, Metropolitan Petros reposed, and in 1998 his grandnephew, [[Archimandrite Pavlos (Stratigeas)] was elected as the Metropolitan of North and South America. He was installed in March 1998. In 2000, A[[rchimandrite Christodoulos]] was consecrated titular [[bishop of Theopoulis]] to assist Metropolitan Pavlos.

In February 2006, Metropolitan Pavlos suffered a stroke and was incapacitated. The Archbishop became ''[[locum tenens]]'' and at present no move is being made until the extent of Metropolitan Pavlos's recovery is known. As of December 2006, there has been tremendous progress in Metropolitan Pavlos's recovery.

Currently there are 8 parishes, a mission, and a mission station in formation.

Genuine Greek Orthodox Church of America

2006-12-05T14:37:24Z

Hellenica: wikify

== Introduction ==

The American Metropolis of the Genuine Greek Orthodox Church of America is an autonomous diocese of the [[Church of the Genuine Orthodox Christians of Greece]] (GOC). It is also known as the [[Hellenic Orthodox Traditionalist Church of America]], or simply as the [[Greek Old Calenadrist Church]].

Prior to the establishment of this diocese, there were still several independent Greek parishes in North America that had not been regularized by [[Athenagoras I (Spyrou) of Constantinople|Archbishop Athenagoras]], who had been for several years going from parish to parish, bringing independents into the fold of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Greek Archdiocese]]. These independent parishes sometimes looked to Greece for priests, and sometimes turned to [[episcopi vagante|vagante bishops]] such as [[Christopher Contageorge]]. The situation in general in the 1930's and 40's was one of ecclesiastical confusion, and [[Old Calendarism]] ''per se'' could be seen in some cases as a side effect of the parish remaining independent rather than as a purely idealogical position.

== Arrival of Archimandrite Petros ==

In 1951, [[Archimandrite Petros (Astyfides)]] arrived in New York at the invitation of [[Arsenios Saltas]], whom he understood to be the Greek Old Calendarist bishop of America. Soon learning that this was not the case, Archimandrite Petros resolved to return to Greece. However, two women in Queens persuaded him to begin services for [[them, and by 1954 [[Saint Markella's Cathedral]] was established.

Archimandrite Petros began to gather various independent parishes, until a diocese was formed. During this time, he was under the [[Metropolia]] and then the [[ROCOR]]. Two ROCOR bishops--[[Seraphim]] and [[Leonty]]--consecrated him to the episcopacy in November 1962. This consecration was not technically speaking canonical as it was done in secret; however, by 1969 the ROCOR had recognized the necessity of this and other Old Calendarist consecrations, and recognized the Greek Old Calendarist bishops. At this time, Metropolitan Petros joined with the Synod in Greece officially.

== Dispute over Grace ==

In 1974, the Synod of the Greek Old Calendarist Church reiterated its belief that the [[New Calendar Church]] was schismatic and devoid of grace. Metropolitan Petros was opposed to this decision and asked the ROCOR bishops what to do, since they had consecrated him, and his consecration certificate stated that he would defer to the Synod if any question arose. While this may seem a simplistic reasoning, the Metropolitan was concerned to keep his pledge.

By not signing the declaration, Metropolitan Petros was forced out of the Synod of the GOC, and as a result the [[Metropolis of North and South America]] passed first to [[Metropolitan Anthony]] and then [[Archimandrite Paisios (Loulourgas)]]. The later was eventually consecrated a bishop in 1979 and took his [[Cathedral]] seat at [[Saint Irene Chrysovalantou Monastery]] in Queens. From this point on he was the bishop of the Metropolis.

== Reunion in 1985 ==

In 1985, Metropolitan Petros began talks with the Synod culminating in his return to the Synod. He was given a title of [[Metropolitan of Astoria]] which was irregular since Metropolitan Paisios, the Metropolitan of North and South America, resided down the street. Nevertheless, this was an attempt to find peace in the Church, which lasted until Metropolitan Paisios left the Synod again in 1995 to join the [[Lamian Synod]], and then from it the [[Athanasian Synod]], and finally found himself joining the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] in 1998. From 1995 on, Metropolitan Petros can be considered as the Metropolitan of North and South America.

== Ascension of Metropolitan Pavlos ==

In 1997, Metropolitan Petros reposed, and in 1998 his grandnephew, [[Archimandrite Pavlos (Stratigeas)] was elected as the Metropolitan of North and South America. He was installed in March 1998. In 2000, A[[rchimandrite Christodoulos]] was consecrated titular [[bishop of Theopoulis]] to assist Metropolitan Pavlos.

In February 2006, Metropolitan Pavlos suffered a stroke and was incapacitated. The Archbishop became ''[[locum tenens]]'' and at present no move is being made until the extent of Metropolitan Pavlos's recovery is known. As of December 2006, there has been tremendous progress in Metropolitan Pavlos's recovery.

Currently there are 8 parishes, a mission, and a mission station in formation.

User:Hellenica/Babel

2006-12-05T00:23:04Z

Hellenica: /* Language Categories */

<font size="6">Welcome to the Tower of Babel</font>

==Wikipedia Source Material==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Babel Wikipedia Babel Project Page]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Userboxes Wikipedia Userboxes Project Page]

==Templates==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User Wikipedia User Template] [[Template:User|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Babel Wikipedia Babel Template] [[Template:Babel|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Babel-N Wikipedia Babel-N Template] (not ported)
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:%21 Wikipedia "!" Template] (not ported)

==Language Categories==

===English===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en All English] [[:Category:User en|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-N Native English] [[:Category:user en-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-4 Near Native English] [[:Category:user en-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-3 Advanced English] [[:Category:user en-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-2 Intermediate English] [[:Category:user en-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-1 Basic English] [[:Category:user en-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-0 Zero English] [[:Category:user en-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Spanish===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es All Spanish] [[:Category:User es|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-N Native Spanish] [[:Category:user es-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-4 Near Native Spanish] [[:Category:user es-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-3 Advanced Spanish] [[:Category:user es-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-2 Intermediate Spanish] [[:Category:user es-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-1 Basic Spanish] [[:Category:user es-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-0 Zero Spanish] [[:Category:user es-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Bulgarian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg All Bulgarian] [[:Category:User bg|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-N Native Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-4 Near Native Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-3 Advanced Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-2 Intermediate Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-1 Basic Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-0 Zero Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Greek===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el All Greek] [[:Category:User el|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-N Native Greek] [[:Category:user el-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-4 Near Native Greek] [[:Category:user el-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-3 Advanced Greek] [[:Category:user el-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-2 Intermediate Greek] [[:Category:user el-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-1 Basic Greek] [[:Category:user el-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-0 Zero Greek] [[:Category:user el-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Russian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_ru All Russian] [[:Category:User ru|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_ru-N Native Russian] [[:Category:user ru-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_ru-4 Near Native Russian] [[:Category:user ru-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_ru-3 Advanced Russian] [[:Category:user ru-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_ru-2 Intermediate Russian] [[:Category:user ru-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_ru-1 Basic Russian] [[:Category:user ru-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_ru-0 Zero Russian] [[:Category:user ru-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

==Babel/Language Templates==

===English===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en Native English] [[Template:user en|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-4 Near Native English] [[Template:user en-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-3 Advanced English] [[Template:user en-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-2 Intermediate English] [[Template:user en-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-1 Basic English] [[Template:user en-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-0 Zero English] [[Template:user en-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Bulgarian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg Native Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-4 Near Native Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-3 Advanced Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-2 Intermediate Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-1 Basic Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-0 Zero Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Greek===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el Native Greek] [[Template:user el|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-4 Near Native Greek] [[Template:user el-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-3 Advanced Greek] [[Template:user el-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-2 Intermediate Greek] [[Template:user el-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-1 Basic Greek] [[Template:user el-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-0 Zero Greek] [[Template:user el-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Russian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru Native Russian] [[Template:user ru|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-4 Near Native Russian] [[Template:user ru-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-3 Advanced Russian] [[Template:user ru-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-2 Intermediate Russian] [[Template:user ru-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-1 Basic Russian] [[Template:user ru-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-0 Zero Russian] [[Template:user ru-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Arabic===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar Native Arabic] [[Template:user ar|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-4 Near Native Arabic] [[Template:user ar-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-3 Advanced Arabic] [[Template:user ar-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-2 Intermediate Arabic] [[Template:user ar-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-1 Basic Arabic] [[Template:user ar-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-0 Zero Arabic] [[Template:user ar-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===French===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr Native French] [[Template:user fr|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-4 Near Native French] [[Template:user fr-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-3 Advanced French] [[Template:user fr-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-2 Intermediate French] [[Template:user fr-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-1 Basic French] [[Template:user fr-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-0 Zero French] [[Template:user fr-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Italian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it Native Italian] [[Template:user it|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-4 Near Native Italian] [[Template:user it-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-3 Advanced Italian] [[Template:user it-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-2 Intermediate Italian] [[Template:user it-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-1 Basic Italian] [[Template:user it-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-0 Zero Italian] [[Template:user it-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Latin===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la Native Latin] [[Template:user la|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-4 Near Native Latin] [[Template:user la-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-3 Advanced Latin] [[Template:user la-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-2 Intermediate Latin] [[Template:user la-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-1 Basic Latin] [[Template:user la-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-0 Zero Latin] [[Template:user la-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Romanian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro Native Romanian] [[Template:user ro|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro-4 Near Native Romanian] [[Template:user ro-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro-3 Advanced Romanian] [[Template:user ro-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro-2 Intermediate Romanian] [[Template:user ro-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro-1 Basic Romanian] [[Template:user ro-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===German===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de Native German] [[Template:user de|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-4 Near Native German] [[Template:user de-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-3 Advanced German] [[Template:user de-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-2 Intermediate German] [[Template:user de-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-1 Basic German] [[Template:user de-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-0 Zero German] [[Template:user de-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Spanish===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es Native Spanish] [[Template:user es|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-4 Near Native Spanish] [[Template:user es-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-3 Advanced Spanish] [[Template:user es-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-2 Intermediate Spanish] [[Template:user es-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-1 Basic Spanish] [[Template:user es-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-0 Zero Spanish] [[Template:user es-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

Category:User ru-0

2006-12-05T00:09:56Z

Hellenica:

{{User lang subcat|
|level = 0
|code = ru
|lang = Russian
|text = Эти участники '''не понимают''' '''[[:Category:User ru|по-русски]]''' (или понимают с большим трудом).
|}}

Category:User ru-1

2006-12-05T00:08:33Z

Hellenica:

{{User lang subcat|
|level = 1
|code = ru
|lang = Russian
|text = Эти участники владеют '''[[:Category:User ru|русским языком]]''' на '''начальном уровне'''.
|}}

Template:User ru-2

2006-12-05T00:06:52Z

Hellenica:

<div style="float:left;border:solid #77E0E8 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#D0F8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#77E0E8;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''[[Russian language|ru]]-2'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Этот участник '''[[:Category:User ru-2|неплохо]]''' знает '''[[:Category:User ru|русский язык]]'''. [[Category:User ru|{{PAGENAME}}]][[Category:User ru-2|{{PAGENAME}}]]
|} </div><noinclude>
</noinclude>

Template:User ru-2

2006-12-05T00:06:33Z

Hellenica:

Category:User ru-2

2006-12-05T00:04:29Z

Hellenica:

{{User lang subcat|
|level = 2
|code = ru
|lang = Russian
|text = Эти участники '''хорошо''' знают '''[[:Category:User ru|русский язык]]'''.
|}}

Category:User ru-3

2006-12-04T23:58:27Z

Hellenica:

{{User lang subcat|
|level = 3
|code = ru
|lang = Russian
|text = Эти участники '''свободно''' владеют '''[[:Category:User ru|русским языком]]'''.
|}}

Category:User ru-4

2006-12-04T23:57:31Z

Hellenica:

<div style="float:left;border:solid #CCCC00 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFFF99"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''ru-4'''</td>
<td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Этот участник владеет '''русским как родным'''<hr />These users speak '''[[:Category:User ru|Russian]]''' at a '''near native''' level.</td>
</tr></table></div>[[Category:User ru| 4]]

Category:User ru-N

2006-12-04T23:56:42Z

Hellenica:

{{User lang subcat|
|level = N
|lang = Russian
|code = ru
|text = '''[[:Category:User ru|Русский язык]]''' для этих участников является '''родным'''
|}}

[[Category:User_languages-N|ru]]

Category:User ru

2006-12-04T23:55:10Z

Hellenica:

{{UsersSpeak|ru|Russian|Эти участники говорят на '''русском языке'''.}}

[[Category:Wikipedians by language|ru]]

User:Hellenica/Babel

2006-12-04T23:41:53Z

Hellenica: /* Language Categories */

<font size="6">Welcome to the Tower of Babel</font>

==Wikipedia Source Material==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Babel Wikipedia Babel Project Page]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Userboxes Wikipedia Userboxes Project Page]

==Templates==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User Wikipedia User Template] [[Template:User|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Babel Wikipedia Babel Template] [[Template:Babel|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Babel-N Wikipedia Babel-N Template] (not ported)
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:%21 Wikipedia "!" Template] (not ported)

==Language Categories==

===English===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en All English] [[:Category:User en|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-N Native English] [[:Category:user en-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-4 Near Native English] [[:Category:user en-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-3 Advanced English] [[:Category:user en-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-2 Intermediate English] [[:Category:user en-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-1 Basic English] [[:Category:user en-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_en-0 Zero English] [[:Category:user en-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Spanish===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es All Spanish] [[:Category:User es|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-N Native Spanish] [[:Category:user es-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-4 Near Native Spanish] [[:Category:user es-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-3 Advanced Spanish] [[:Category:user es-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-2 Intermediate Spanish] [[:Category:user es-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-1 Basic Spanish] [[:Category:user es-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_es-0 Zero Spanish] [[:Category:user es-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Bulgarian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg All Bulgarian] [[:Category:User bg|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-N Native Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-4 Near Native Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-3 Advanced Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-2 Intermediate Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-1 Basic Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_bg-0 Zero Bulgarian] [[:Category:user bg-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Greek===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el All Greek] [[:Category:User el|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-N Native Greek] [[:Category:user el-N|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-4 Near Native Greek] [[:Category:user el-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-3 Advanced Greek] [[:Category:user el-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-2 Intermediate Greek] [[:Category:user el-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-1 Basic Greek] [[:Category:user el-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:User_el-0 Zero Greek] [[:Category:user el-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

==Babel/Language Templates==

===English===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en Native English] [[Template:user en|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-4 Near Native English] [[Template:user en-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-3 Advanced English] [[Template:user en-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-2 Intermediate English] [[Template:user en-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-1 Basic English] [[Template:user en-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_en-0 Zero English] [[Template:user en-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Bulgarian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg Native Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-4 Near Native Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-3 Advanced Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-2 Intermediate Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-1 Basic Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_bg-0 Zero Bulgarian] [[Template:user bg-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Greek===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el Native Greek] [[Template:user el|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-4 Near Native Greek] [[Template:user el-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-3 Advanced Greek] [[Template:user el-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-2 Intermediate Greek] [[Template:user el-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-1 Basic Greek] [[Template:user el-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_el-0 Zero Greek] [[Template:user el-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Russian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru Native Russian] [[Template:user ru|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-4 Near Native Russian] [[Template:user ru-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-3 Advanced Russian] [[Template:user ru-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-2 Intermediate Russian] [[Template:user ru-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-1 Basic Russian] [[Template:user ru-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ru-0 Zero Russian] [[Template:user ru-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Arabic===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar Native Arabic] [[Template:user ar|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-4 Near Native Arabic] [[Template:user ar-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-3 Advanced Arabic] [[Template:user ar-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-2 Intermediate Arabic] [[Template:user ar-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-1 Basic Arabic] [[Template:user ar-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ar-0 Zero Arabic] [[Template:user ar-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===French===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr Native French] [[Template:user fr|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-4 Near Native French] [[Template:user fr-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-3 Advanced French] [[Template:user fr-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-2 Intermediate French] [[Template:user fr-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-1 Basic French] [[Template:user fr-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_fr-0 Zero French] [[Template:user fr-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Italian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it Native Italian] [[Template:user it|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-4 Near Native Italian] [[Template:user it-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-3 Advanced Italian] [[Template:user it-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-2 Intermediate Italian] [[Template:user it-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-1 Basic Italian] [[Template:user it-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_it-0 Zero Italian] [[Template:user it-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Latin===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la Native Latin] [[Template:user la|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-4 Near Native Latin] [[Template:user la-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-3 Advanced Latin] [[Template:user la-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-2 Intermediate Latin] [[Template:user la-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-1 Basic Latin] [[Template:user la-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_la-0 Zero Latin] [[Template:user la-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Romanian===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro Native Romanian] [[Template:user ro|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro-4 Near Native Romanian] [[Template:user ro-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro-3 Advanced Romanian] [[Template:user ro-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro-2 Intermediate Romanian] [[Template:user ro-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_ro-1 Basic Romanian] [[Template:user ro-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===German===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de Native German] [[Template:user de|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-4 Near Native German] [[Template:user de-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-3 Advanced German] [[Template:user de-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-2 Intermediate German] [[Template:user de-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-1 Basic German] [[Template:user de-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_de-0 Zero German] [[Template:user de-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

===Spanish===
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es Native Spanish] [[Template:user es|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-4 Near Native Spanish] [[Template:user es-4|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-3 Advanced Spanish] [[Template:user es-3|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-2 Intermediate Spanish] [[Template:user es-2|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-1 Basic Spanish] [[Template:user es-1|ported to OrthoWiki]]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:User_es-0 Zero Spanish] [[Template:user es-0|ported to OrthoWiki]]

Category:User el-0

2006-12-04T23:39:38Z

Hellenica:

[[Category:User el| 0]]

Category:User el-1

2006-12-04T23:38:33Z

Hellenica:

<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''el-1'''</td>
<td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Αυτοί οι χρήστες μπορούν να συνεισφέρουν σε '''[[:Category:User el-1|βασικού]]''' επιπέδου '''[[:Category:User el|Ελληνικά]]'''.</td>
</tr></table></div>
[[Category:User el| 1]]

Category:User el-2

2006-12-04T23:37:31Z

Hellenica:

<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''el-2'''</td>
<td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Αυτoί οι χρήστες μπορούν να συνεισφέρουν σε '''[[:Category:User el-2|μέτριου]]''' επιπέδου '''[[:Category:User el|Ελληνικά]]'''.</td>
</tr></table></div>
[[Category:User el| 2]]

Category:User el-3

2006-12-04T23:36:26Z

Hellenica:

<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''el-3'''</td>
<td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Αυτoί οι χρήστες μπορούν να συνεισφέρουν σε '''[[:Category:User el-3|ανώτερου]]''' επιπέδου '''[[:Category:User el|Ελληνικά]]'''.</td>
</tr></table></div>
[[Category:User el| 3]]

Category:User el-4

2006-12-04T23:35:29Z

Hellenica:

<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#FFFF99"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#FFFF00;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''el-4'''</td>
<td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em">Αυτoί οι χρήστες μιλούν '''[[:Category:User el|Ελληνικά]]''' '''[[:Category:User el-4|σχεδόν ως μητρική γλώσσα]]'''.</td>
</tr></table></div>

[[Category:User el| 4]]

Category:User el-N

2006-12-04T23:34:34Z

Hellenica:

<div style="float:left;border:solid #6ef7a7 1px;margin:1px">
<table cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#c5fcdc"><tr>
<td style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#6ef7a7;text-align:center;font-size:14pt">'''el'''</td>
<td style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em"> Αυτοί οι χρήστες έχουν ως [[:Category:User el-N|μητρική γλώσσα]] την [[:Category:User el|Ελληνική]].</td>
</tr></table></div >
<br clear="all">

To be included on this list, add '''<nowiki>{{Babel-1|el}}</nowiki>''' to your user page. Complete instructions are available at [[Wikipedia:Babel]].

[[Category:User el| N]]

Category:User el

2006-12-04T23:30:26Z

Hellenica:

<div style="float:left;border:solid #99B3FF 1px;margin:1px">
{| cellspacing="0" style="width:238px;background:#E0E8FF"
| style="width:45px;height:45px;background:#99B3FF;text-align:center;font-size:14pt" | '''el'''
| style="font-size:8pt;padding:4pt;line-height:1.25em" | Οι εξής χρήστες μιλούν '''Ελληνικά'''.
|}</div>
<br clear="all">
[[Category:Wikipedians by language|el]]

Mormonism

2006-12-04T07:13:05Z

Hellenica:

'''Mormonism''' is a [[heresy|heretical]] religious movement founded in the early 19th century by [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]] It is self-described as a form of ''[[Christian Restorationism]]'', and it includes many religious sects and organizations. The largest of these churches today is ''[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints]]'' (LDS), with its headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah.

==Mormon Theology==
Mormonism as a whole encompasses a mélange of many different religious beliefs, the majority of which are contrary to Church teaching. Joseph Smith obtained inspiration from various religious movements of the time. [[Campbellism|Campbellite]], [[Restorationism|Restorationist]], and [[Universalism|Universalist]] beliefs are prevalent in many aspects of Mormon theology; however, the foundation of Mormon belief is the acceptance of modern prophecy. Smith and early Mormon leaders taught that any person with a testimony of Christ is a [[prophet]]. Most modern members of the LDS believe that the current president of the Mormon Church is a living prophet. Another pillar of Mormon belief is their concept of self-deification. Adhering to some extent to the Trinitarian doctrines stated in the [[First Ecumenical Council|First]] and [[Second Ecumenical Council|Second]] [[Ecumenical Council|Ecumenical Councils]], Mormons believe that [[God]] the Father was originally a human being. However, they believe that He also maintains a corporeal form and resides near a planet orbiting a star called "Kolob" (''Doctrines and Covenants'', Abraham III). As stated in ''The Mormon Encyclopedia'':
:"There is no ultimate disparity between the divine and human natures; Joseph Smith asserted that mankind is of the same species as God, having been made in God's image (theomorphism) and being eternal, with unlimited capacity." One early LDS leader proclaimed, "As man now is, God once was. As God now is, man may be" (Lorenzo Snow). Latter-day Saints speak of man as a God in embryo" (under section ''[[Christology]]'')
Deification, then, in Mormon terminology, is a system of progression by which man becomes a god. For a casual observer, this "self-deification" may seem similar to the Church's teaching of [[theosis]], but this is not so. First, there is a definite distinction in the Church between God and mankind. Second, theosis is a unification between God and mankind, not the creation of an entirely separate deity.

A Mormon who is considered worthy of such "deification" is one who adheres to the doctrines of the Mormon Church and performs "temple work," such as "sealing" ([[marriage]]) and endowments.

==="The Great [[Apostasy]]"===
Like many Restorationist heresies that arose in the early 18th and 19th centuries, Mormons believe that the [[Orthodox Church|Church]] entered an age of opprobrium several years after its founding. In their belief, Joseph Smith was called by God to restore the Church after praying about the correct denomination to join. He was then told by God to reject all of them, because none was correct.

Essentially, Mormons reject the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church]] through their profession that it never was representative of the faith founded by [[Jesus Christ]] and promulgated through his [[Apostle|Apostles]]. The Orthodox Church, which as of this very moment traces its unbroken succession to the Apostles themselves, ergo is in apostasy according to the Mormons.

===Book of Mormon===
In 1823 Smith claimed to have a visitation by an [[angel]] named Moroni, who told him of a chronicle of ancient history which was supposedly engraved in an ancient Egyptian dialect on tablets of gold and buried in a nearby hill. Smith was also told that he would be the instrument to bring this knowledge to the world. He allegedly obtained these plates in 1827 and supposedly translated them into English via the use of two seer-stones which he called the "Urim and Thummim" (Hebrew for ''lights and perfections''). These stones are not to be confused with the [[Old Testament]] Urim and Thummim, the stones on the High Priest’s breastplate used to relay messages from God to his people.

This translation became ''The Book of Mormon'', which is revered as another [[testament]] of Jesus Christ by Mormons. ''The Book of Mormon'' purports to be a religious and secular history of the inhabitants of the Americas from about 2200 B.C. to A.D. 421. It claims that the Amerindians are descended from various groups of Near Eastern peoples (including [[Jews]]) who immigrated during pivotal periods in [[Israel|Israel’s]] history.

Ironically, Joseph claimed that many of these people were [[Christians]] before the birth of Our Lord. Additionally, there are other anachronisms as well. The history and civilization portrayed by Smith in ''The Book of Mormon'' doesn’t match anything found by archaeologists in the Americas. Items like horses, elephants, cattle, sheep, barley, wheat, steel swords, wheeled chariots, shipbuilding, coins, and other Old World paraphernalia have not been found to exist in the Americas until the advent of the Spanish. Furthermore, ''The Book of Mormon'' presents a people with one common language, contrary to the multitude of different Amerindian languages studied by linguists. Unsurprisingly, no evidence of these people, Joseph’s tablets, or his "seer-stones" has ever been found.

==Mormonism and Polygyny==
Mormon doctrine states that in order to achieve the highest state in heaven one must be living in [[polygamy]]. Many sources say that Smith had as many as twenty to thirty wives. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, the mainstream Mormon sect, practiced [[polygyny]] until 1890, when they sacrificed the doctrine to ensure Utah’s statehood. Today about 70% of Utah is Mormon and around 60,000 practice polygyny (5% of Utah Mormons). Also, there are other Mormon sects practicing polygyny secretly all over the world. Despite the huge publicity campaign the LDS Church has constructed to dissuade people from associating them with polygyny, Mormons and plural marriages are commonly associated in contemporary culture. While such a practice may have been given up by the mainstream, there is no doubt that Mormonism and the unholy practice of plural marriage remain closely entwined.

Obviously, the Orthodox Church teaches that salvation is not contingent on practicing polygamy. Furthermore, the Church condemns all forms of plural marriage as an unnatural practice.

==Sources and External Links==
*[http://www.lds.org The Official LDS Website]
*[[w:Mormonism|Wikipedia:Mormonism]]
*[http://home.teleport.com/~packham/tract.htm To Those Who Are Investigating Mormonism by Richard Packham] (Packham is a former member of the LDS)
*[http://www.hbo.com/biglove HBO’s Big Love] (Big Love is a television drama portraying Mormon polygamists living secretly in modern-day Utah)

[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]
[[Category:Heresies]]

Mormonism

2006-12-04T07:10:30Z

Hellenica: misc, links

'''Mormonism''' is a [[heresy|heretical]] religious movement founded in the early 19th century by [[Joseph Smith, Jr.]] It is self-described as a form of [[''Christian Restorationism'']], and it includes many religious sects and organizations. The largest of these churches today is [[''The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'' (LDS)]], with its headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah.

==Mormon Theology==
Mormonism as a whole encompasses a mélange of many different religious beliefs, the majority of which are contrary to Church teaching. Joseph Smith obtained inspiration from various religious movements of the time. [[Campbellism|Campbellite]], [[Restorationism|Restorationist]], and [[Universalism|Universalist]] beliefs are prevalent in many aspects of Mormon theology; however, the foundation of Mormon belief is the acceptance of modern prophecy. Smith and early Mormon leaders taught that any person with a testimony of Christ is a [[prophet]]. Most modern members of the LDS believe that the current president of the Mormon Church is a living prophet. Another pillar of Mormon belief is their concept of self-deification. Adhering to some extent to the Trinitarian doctrines stated in the [[First Ecumenical Council|First]] and [[Second Ecumenical Council|Second]] [[Ecumenical Council|Ecumenical Councils]], Mormons believe that [[God]] the Father was originally a human being. However, they believe that He also maintains a corporeal form and resides near a planet orbiting a star called "Kolob" (''Doctrines and Covenants'', Abraham III). As stated in ''The Mormon Encyclopedia'':
:"There is no ultimate disparity between the divine and human natures; Joseph Smith asserted that mankind is of the same species as God, having been made in God's image (theomorphism) and being eternal, with unlimited capacity." One early LDS leader proclaimed, "As man now is, God once was. As God now is, man may be" (Lorenzo Snow). Latter-day Saints speak of man as a God in embryo" (under section [[''Christology'']])
Deification, then, in Mormon terminology, is a system of progression by which man becomes a god. For a casual observer, this "self-deification" may seem similar to the Church's teaching of [[theosis]], but this is not so. First, there is a definite distinction in the Church between God and mankind. Second, theosis is a unification between God and mankind, not the creation of an entirely separate deity.

A Mormon who is considered worthy of such "deification" is one who adheres to the doctrines of the Mormon Church and performs "temple work," such as "sealing" ([[marriage]]) and endowments.

==="The Great [[Apostasy]]"===
Like many Restorationist heresies that arose in the early 18th and 19th centuries, Mormons believe that the [[Orthodox Church|Church]] entered an age of opprobrium several years after its founding. In their belief, Joseph Smith was called by God to restore the Church after praying about the correct denomination to join. He was then told by God to reject all of them, because none was correct.

Essentially, Mormons reject the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church]] through their profession that it never was representative of the faith founded by [[Jesus Christ]] and promulgated through his [[Apostle|Apostles]]. The Orthodox Church, which as of this very moment traces its unbroken succession to the Apostles themselves, ergo is in apostasy according to the Mormons.

===Book of Mormon===
In 1823 Smith claimed to have a visitation by an [[angel]] named Moroni, who told him of a chronicle of ancient history which was supposedly engraved in an ancient Egyptian dialect on tablets of gold and buried in a nearby hill. Smith was also told that he would be the instrument to bring this knowledge to the world. He allegedly obtained these plates in 1827 and supposedly translated them into English via the use of two seer-stones which he called the "Urim and Thummim" (Hebrew for ''lights and perfections''). These stones are not to be confused with the [[Old Testament]] Urim and Thummim, the stones on the High Priest’s breastplate used to relay messages from God to his people.

This translation became ''The Book of Mormon'', which is revered as another [[testament]] of Jesus Christ by Mormons. ''The Book of Mormon'' purports to be a religious and secular history of the inhabitants of the Americas from about 2200 B.C. to A.D. 421. It claims that the Amerindians are descended from various groups of Near Eastern peoples (including [[Jews]]) who immigrated during pivotal periods in [[Israel|Israel’s]] history.

Ironically, Joseph claimed that many of these people were [[Christians]] before the birth of Our Lord. Additionally, there are other anachronisms as well. The history and civilization portrayed by Smith in ''The Book of Mormon'' doesn’t match anything found by archaeologists in the Americas. Items like horses, elephants, cattle, sheep, barley, wheat, steel swords, wheeled chariots, shipbuilding, coins, and other Old World paraphernalia have not been found to exist in the Americas until the advent of the Spanish. Furthermore, ''The Book of Mormon'' presents a people with one common language, contrary to the multitude of different Amerindian languages studied by linguists. Unsurprisingly, no evidence of these people, Joseph’s tablets, or his "seer-stones" has ever been found.

==Mormonism and Polygyny==
Mormon doctrine states that in order to achieve the highest state in heaven one must be living in [[polygamy]]. Many sources say that Smith had as many as twenty to thirty wives. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, the mainstream Mormon sect, practiced [[polygyny]] until 1890, when they sacrificed the doctrine to ensure Utah’s statehood. Today about 70% of Utah is Mormon and around 60,000 practice polygyny (5% of Utah Mormons). Also, there are other Mormon sects practicing polygyny secretly all over the world. Despite the huge publicity campaign the LDS Church has constructed to dissuade people from associating them with polygyny, Mormons and plural marriages are commonly associated in contemporary culture. While such a practice may have been given up by the mainstream, there is no doubt that Mormonism and the unholy practice of plural marriage remain closely entwined.

Obviously, the Orthodox Church teaches that salvation is not contingent on practicing polygamy. Furthermore, the Church condemns all forms of plural marriage as an unnatural practice.

==Sources and External Links==
*[http://www.lds.org The Official LDS Website]
*[[w:Mormonism|Wikipedia:Mormonism]]
*[http://home.teleport.com/~packham/tract.htm To Those Who Are Investigating Mormonism by Richard Packham] (Packham is a former member of the LDS)
*[http://www.hbo.com/biglove HBO’s Big Love] (Big Love is a television drama portraying Mormon polygamists living secretly in modern-day Utah)

[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]
[[Category:Heresies]]

Mormonism

2006-12-04T07:03:43Z

Hellenica: quotation marks

'''Mormonism''' is a [[heresy|heretical]] religious movement founded in the early 19th century by Joseph Smith, Jr. It is self-described as a form of ''Christian Restorationism'', and it includes many religious sects and organizations. The largest of these "churches" today is ''The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints'' (LDS), with its headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah.

==Mormon Theology==
Mormonism as a whole encompasses a mélange of many different religious beliefs, the majority of which are contrary to Church teaching. Joseph Smith obtained inspiration from various religious movements of the time. Campbellite, Restorationist, and Universalist beliefs are prevalent in many aspects of Mormon theology; however, the foundation of Mormon belief is the acceptance of modern prophecy. Smith and early Mormon leaders taught that any person with a testimony of Christ is a "prophet." Most modern members of the LDS believe that the current president of the Mormon Church is a living prophet. Another pillar of Mormon belief is their concept of self-deification. Adhering to some extent to the Trinitarian doctrines stated in the [[First Ecumenical Council|First]] and [[Second Ecumenical Council|Second]] [[Ecumenical Council|Ecumenical Councils]], Mormons believe that [[God]] the Father was originally a human being. However, they believe that He also maintains a corporeal form and resides near a planet orbiting a star called "Kolob" (''Doctrines and Covenants'', Abraham III). As stated in ''The Mormon Encyclopedia'':
:"There is no ultimate disparity between the divine and human natures; Joseph Smith asserted that mankind is of the same species as God, having been made in God's image (theomorphism) and being eternal, with unlimited capacity." One early LDS leader proclaimed, "As man now is, God once was. As God now is, man may be" (Lorenzo Snow). Latter-day Saints speak of man as a God in embryo" (under section ''Christology'')
Deification, then, in Mormon terminology, is a system of progression by which man becomes a god. For a casual observer, this "self-deification" may seem similar to the Church's teaching of [[theosis]], but this is not so. First, there is a definite distinction in the Church between God and mankind. Second, theosis is a unification between God and mankind, not the creation of an entirely separate deity.

A Mormon who is considered worthy of such "deification" is one who adheres to the doctrines of the Mormon Church and performs "temple work," such as "sealing" (marriage) and endowments.

==="The Great Apostasy"===
Like many Restorationist heresies that arose in the early 18th and 19th centuries, Mormons believe that the [[Orthodox Church|Church]] entered an age of opprobrium several years after its founding. In their belief, Joseph Smith was called by God to restore the Church after praying about the correct denomination to join. He was then told by God to reject all of them, because none was correct.

Essentially, Mormons reject the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church]] through their profession that it never was representative of the faith founded by [[Jesus Christ]] and promulgated through his [[Apostle|Apostles]]. The Orthodox Church, which as of this very moment traces its unbroken succession to the Apostles themselves, ergo is in apostasy according to the Mormons.

===Book of Mormon===
In 1823 Smith claimed to have a visitation by an [[angel]] named Moroni, who told him of a chronicle of ancient history which was supposedly engraved in an ancient Egyptian dialect on tablets of gold and buried in a nearby hill. Smith was also told that he would be the instrument to bring this knowledge to the world. He allegedly obtained these plates in 1827 and supposedly translated them into English via the use of two seer-stones which he called the "Urim and Thummim" (Hebrew for ''lights and perfections''). These stones are not to be confused with the [[Old Testament]] Urim and Thummim, the stones on the High Priest’s breastplate used to relay messages from God to his people.

This translation became ''The Book of Mormon'', which is revered as another testament of Jesus Christ by Mormons. ''The Book of Mormon'' purports to be a religious and secular history of the inhabitants of the Americas from about 2200 B.C. to A.D. 421. It claims that the Amerindians are descended from various groups of Near Eastern peoples (including Jews) who immigrated during pivotal periods in Israel’s history.

Ironically, Joseph claimed that many of these people were Christians before the birth of Our Lord. Additionally, there are other anachronisms as well. The history and civilization portrayed by Smith in ''The Book of Mormon'' doesn’t match anything found by archaeologists in the Americas. Items like horses, elephants, cattle, sheep, barley, wheat, steel swords, wheeled chariots, shipbuilding, coins, and other Old World paraphernalia have not been found to exist in the Americas until the advent of the Spanish. Furthermore, ''The Book of Mormon'' presents a people with one common language, contrary to the multitude of different Amerindian languages studied by linguists. Unsurprisingly, no evidence of these people, Joseph’s tablets, or his "seer-stones" has ever been found.

==Mormonism and Polygyny==
Mormon doctrine states that in order to achieve the highest state in heaven one must be living in polygamy. Many sources say that Smith had as many as twenty to thirty wives. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, the mainstream Mormon sect, practiced polygyny until 1890, when they sacrificed the doctrine to ensure Utah’s statehood. Today about 70% of Utah is Mormon and around 60,000 practice polygyny (5% of Utah Mormons). Also, there are other Mormon sects practicing polygyny secretly all over the world. Despite the huge publicity campaign the LDS Church has constructed to dissuade people from associating them with polygyny, Mormons and plural marriages are commonly associated in contemporary culture. While such a practice may have been given up by the mainstream, there is no doubt that Mormonism and the unholy practice of plural marriage remain closely entwined.

Obviously, the Orthodox Church teaches that salvation is not contingent on practicing polygamy. Furthermore, the Church condemns all forms of plural marriage as an unnatural practice.

==Sources and External Links==
*[http://www.lds.org The Official LDS Website]
*[[w:Mormonism|Wikipedia:Mormonism]]
*[http://home.teleport.com/~packham/tract.htm To Those Who Are Investigating Mormonism by Richard Packham] (Packham is a former member of the LDS)
*[http://www.hbo.com/biglove HBO’s Big Love] (Big Love is a television drama portraying Mormon polygamists living secretly in modern-day Utah)

[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]
[[Category:Heresies]]

Mormonism

2006-12-04T06:55:12Z

Hellenica: /* Sources and External Links */

'''Mormonism''' is a [[heresy|heretical]] religious movement founded in the early 19th century by Joseph Smith, Jr. It is self-described as a form of so-called ''Christian Restorationism'', and it includes many religious sects and organizations. The largest of these “churches

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2006-12-03T23:36:32Z

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