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Abdallah Ibn Al-Fadl

2013-05-02T03:13:27Z

Angellight 888: add link; reference;

'''Abdallah ibn al-Fadl al-Antaki''' ({{ar icon}} عبد الله بن الفضل بن عبد الله المطران الانطاكي) was a [[deacon]] and translator active in Antioch during the middle of the 11th century, during a period of renewed Byzantine rule over the city. He was responsible for a large number of patristic translations, as well as original theological and philosophical works.

Little is known of his life, apart from what can be gleaned from manuscripts of his texts. He was a deacon and the grandson of a [[bishop]]. He received an excellent education in both Arabic and Greek, having studied Arabic grammar with the famous poet [[w:Al-Maʿarri|Abul ʿAla Al-Maʿarri]]. Several of his works and translations were commissioned by notables from Antioch and neighboring cities in [[Muslim]] territory.

== Original Works ==
1. The Book of Benefit (Kitab al-Manfa‘a)

2. Discourse on the [[Holy Trinity]] (Kalam fi l-lahut)

3. Book of the Joy of the Believer (Kitab Bahjat al-Mu'min)

4. Exposition of the Orthodox Faith (Sharh al-Amana al-Mustaqima wa-Ibanat Ghalat al-Ya'aqiba wa-l-Nastur 'Ala Sabil al-Ijaz)

5. Questions and Responses on the Trinity and the Incarnation (Masa'il wa-Ajwiba hawla al-Tathlith wa-l-Ittihad)

==External Links==
* Alexander Treiger. ''[http://www.academia.edu/2344276/Abdallah_ibn_al-Fadl_al-Antaki Abdallah ibn al-Fadl al-Antaki].'' Academia.edu. pp. 89-113.

[[Category: Clergy]]
[[Category: Deacons]]

Lazarus

2013-04-27T18:02:05Z

Angellight 888: add note; minor edit;

[[Image:raisingoflazarus.jpg|right|frame|The Raising of Lazarus]]
The [[righteous]] saint '''Lazarus''', also '''Lazarus the Four Days Dead''',<ref group="note">{{el icon}}: Ὁ Ἅγιος Λάζαρος ο Τετραήμερος, Επίσκοπος Κιτίου Κύπρου.</ref> or '''Lazarus of Bethany''' (latinized from the Hebrew: אלעזר, Elʿāzār, [[w:Eleazar|Eleazar]] - ''"God is my help"''<ref>William Barclay. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=s-vdxaBmtTsC&pg=PA92 The Parables of Jesus].'' Westminster John Knox Press, 1999. pp. 92-98. ISBN 0-664-25828-X</ref>) was a friend and one of the first disciples of [[Jesus Christ]], and the first Bishop of [[Metropolis of Kition|Kition]] in [[Church of Cyprus|Cyprus]].<ref group="note">'''[[w:Kition|Kition]]''' (Ancient Greek: Κίτιον), also known by its Latin name '''Citium''', was a city-kingdom on the southern coast of Cyprus (in present-day Larnaca). It was established in the 13th century BC. On this basis, the whole island became known as '''"[[w:Kittim|Kittim]]"''' in Hebrew, including the [[Septuagint|Hebrew Bible]]. The expression ''"isles of Kittim"'', found in the Book of Jeremiah 2:10 and Ezekiel 27:6, indicates that, some centuries prior to Josephus, this designation had already become a general descriptor for the Mediterranean islands.</ref> He was [[Resurrection|resurrected]] by Jesus shortly before His [[Palm Sunday|triumphal entry]] into the city of [[Jerusalem]].

The [[Church]] commemorates his feast on [[Lazarus Saturday]],<ref name=ANASTASIS>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3027/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ἀνάστασις τοῦ Λαζάρου].'' ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref> which together with [[Palm Sunday]], hold a unique position in the church year as days of joy and triumph between the penitence of [[Great Lent]] and the mourning of [[Holy Week]].<ref>Archimandrite [[Kallistos Ware]] and Mother Mary, (Transl.). ''The Lenten Triodion.'' St. Tikhon's Seminary Press, South Canaan, Pennsylvania, 2002. p. 57. ISBN 1-878997-51-3</ref>

Lazarus is also commemorated on the fixed feast day of [[March 17]],<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2957/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Λάζαρος ὁ Δίκαιος, ὁ φίλος τοῦ Χριστοῦ].'' 17 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref><ref group="note">In the [[Synaxarion]] of Constantinople and in the Lavreotic Codex, reference is made to the "Raising of Lazarus" - the Holy and Just Lazarus, the friend of Christ. This is confirmed in the entry for [[October 17]] in the ''' ''Prologue from Ohrid'' ''', which also mentions that: ''"Lazarus's principle feasts are on '''[[March 17]]''' and '''Lazarus Saturday''' during [[Great Lent]]."''<br>
:* <small>Bishop [[Nikolai Velimirovic]]. ''[http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html?month=October&day=17&Go.x=10&Go.y=20 October 17 - The Prologue from Ohrid].'' (Serbian Orthodox Church Diocese of Western America). Retrieved 2013-04-15.</small></ref> while the [[Translation (relics)|translation]] of his [[relics]] from [[Church of Cyprus|Cyprus]] to Constantinople in the year 898 AD<ref>''[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/10/17/102991-translation-of-the-relics-of-st-lazarus-ldquoof-the-four-days-in Translation of the relics of St Lazarus “of the Four Days in the Tomb” the Bishop of Kiteia on Cyprus].'' OCA - Lives of the Saints. Retrieved: 2013-04-17.</ref> is commemorated on [[October 17]].<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/903/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ἀνακομιδὴ καὶ Κατάθεσις τοῦ Λειψάνου τοῦ Ἁγίου καὶ Δικαίου Λαζάρου].'' 17 Οκτωβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref><ref>Bishop [[Nikolai Velimirovic]]. ''[http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html?month=October&day=17&Go.x=10&Go.y=20 October 17 - The Prologue from Ohrid].'' (Serbian Orthodox Church Diocese of Western America). Retrieved 2013-04-15.</ref><ref group="note">"...Under today's date is commemorated the translation of his relics from the island of Cyprus to Constantinople. This occurred when Emperor [[Leo VI the Wise|Leo the Wise]] built the Church of St. Lazarus in [[Constantinople]], and translated Lazarus's relics there in the year 890. When, after almost a thousand years, Lazarus's grave in the town of Kition on Cyprus was unearthed, a marble tablet was found with the inscription: ''"Lazarus of the Four Days, the friend of Christ."''"<br>
:* <small>Bishop [[Nikolai Velimirovic]]. ''[http://www.westsrbdio.org/prolog/my.html?month=October&day=17&Go.x=10&Go.y=20 October 17 - The Prologue from Ohrid].'' (Serbian Orthodox Church Diocese of Western America). Retrieved 2013-04-15.</small></ref>

==The Lazarene Miracle==
According to the [[Gospel of John]], Lazarus lived in the town of Bethany (approximately two miles outside of Jerusalem in the present day West Bank) with his two sisters, [[Mary of Bethany|Mary]] and [[Martha]]. On His way to Jerusalem before the Passover, the sisters had sent word to Jesus and His [[Apostles]] that Lazarus was ill. The Lord tarried where He was, later perceiving Lazarus' death. When He arrived, Lazarus had already been in his tomb for four days. When Martha reproached Our Lord for not arriving sooner, Christ assured her that Lazarus would rise. Martha mistook this for the universal [[resurrection]] on [[Book of Revelation|Judgment Day]], to which He replied, ''"I am the resurrection and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live. And whosoever believeth in me shall never die"'' (John 11:25-26, KJV).

In the presence of the mourners, the Lord ordered the stone rolled away from Lazarus' tomb and bade him to come forth. Lazarus did so, still in his grave wrappings. Jesus then called for the crowd to remove the wrappings and free him. St. John goes on to explain that even more Jews were convinced of Jesus' divinity. This event struck fear into the hearts of the Jewish leaders, so much so that they even considered putting Lazarus to death (John 12:9-11). The religious hierarchy of the Jews at this time was dominated by Sadducees, who denied the [[resurrection]]. The Raising of Lazarus represents a testimony to the resurrection - both Christ's and the universal resurrection, as well as Our Lord as victor over death.

According to the V. Rev. [[Presbyter|Fr.]] [[Thomas Hopko]], the Lazarene Miracle is the "climactic high point" of [[Gospel of John|St. John's Gospel]] and the proof of Christ's divinity. It is also the act which serves as the catalyst of the events leading to Our Lord's arrest and [[Passion]].<ref>[http://audio.ancientfaith.com/hopko/stt022lazarus_saturday_pc.mp3/ Lazarus Saturday.] ''Speaking the Truth in Love'' Podcast by Fr. [[Thomas Hopko]]. Ancient Faith Radio. 18 April 2008.</ref>

==Later Life==
===Bishop of Kition===
According to Scripture and the tradition of the Cypriot church, Lazarus was compelled to seek refuge away from Jerusalem to avoid the anger of the high priests and the pharisees, who wanted to kill him, ''...the chief priests consulted that they might put Lazarus also to death; because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed in Jesus'' (John 12:10-11). Many Christians too ''... were scattered abroad upon the persecution that arose about. Stephen travelled as far as Phoenicia, and Cyprus, and Antioch ...''; just like Stephen, Lazarus would have had to leave Judea to seek refuge in another country. This location was [[Metropolis of Kition|Kition]] in [[Church of Cyprus|Cyprus]].

When [[Apostle Paul]] and [[Apostle Barnabas]] travelled to Cyprus, they ordained Lazarus as the first Bishop of Kition. This is why all episcopal thrones in Larnaca have the icon of St. Lazarus instead of Christ, which is the standard custom of the church.

Another famous tradition related to Lazarus, is the discovery of [[Mount Athos]] in 52 AD by the Theotokos. Lazarus was very close to the [[Theotokos|Virgin Mary]] and he was very grieved that he could not return to Jerusalem to visit her (he was still in fear of the Jews). The Theotokos learned of his sorrow and sent him a letter to comfort him. She asked that he might send a ship to her that she might visit him in Cyprus. With great joy, Lazarus sent a ship to the [[Holy Land]] to bring the Virgin Mary and [[John the Theologian|John]], the beloved disciple to Cyprus for a visit. However on their journey, a great storm blew them off course and carried them to the shores of Ephesus and then the ship to the shores of [[Athos]], Greece. Unaware that divine providence had brought her to this area, the Virgin Mary completely taken by the beauty of the area, prayed to her son that this could be her garden devoted to prayer to "fight the good fight of faith". Having converted, blessed and established a new Christian community from the local idolaters they set sail for Cyprus and met with Lazarus.

[[File:Lazarus Bethany.JPG|right|thumb|Tomb of Saint Lazarus in Bethany.]]
Further establishing the apostolic nature of Lazarus' appointment, was the tradition that the bishop's [[omophorion]] and [[epimanikia]] were presented to Lazarus by the Virgin Mary, who had woven it herself.<ref group="note">Such apostolic connections were central to the claims to [[autocephaly]] made by the bishops of Kition — subject to the Patriarch of Jerusalem — during the period 325–431.</ref>

Little more is known about Lazarus after Our Lord's [[Pascha|Resurrection]] and [[Ascension]], except that during his thirty years after his resurrection, he never smiled or joked except on one occasion, recorded in the [[Synaxarion]]. One day, he saw someone stealing a clay pot and he smiled saying, ''"the clay steals the clay"''.<ref name=ANASTASIS/><ref name ="Michaelides">Michaelides, M.G. ''"Saint Lazarus, The Friend Of Christ And First Bishop Of Kition."'' Larnaca, Cyprus, 1984.<br>
:<small>Reprinted by Fr. Demetrios Serfes (Comp.): ''"[http://www.serfes.org/lives/stlazarus.htm St. Lazarus The Friend Of Christ And First Bishop Of Kition, Cyprus]."''</small></ref>

The first [[w:Tomb of Lazarus (al-Eizariya)|tomb of Lazarus in Bethany]] remains as a site for [[pilgrimage|pilgrims]] to this very day.

The second tomb on the island of Cyprus, was found in Kition sometime in 890 AD, with his relics inside, and bearing the inscription: ''"Lazarus, the Friend of Christ."''

===Church of Saint Lazarus in Larnaca and Relics===
[[File:Cyprus--Lazarus-Church.jpg|thumb|left|240px|[[w:Church of Saint Lazarus, Larnaca|Church of Saint Lazarus, Larnaca]].]]
After St. Lazarus' tomb was found in Larnaca in 890 AD, [[Leo VI the Wise|Emperor Leo VI]] of [[Byzantium]] had Lazarus' [[relics|remains]] [[translation (relics)|transferred]] to [[Constantinople]] in 898. The transfer was apostrophized by Arethas, [[w:Caesarea Maritima|Bishop of Caesarea]] (Caesarea Palestinae), and is commemorated by the [[Orthodox Church]] each year on [[October 17]].

In recompense to Larnaca, Emperor Leo had the [[w:Church of Ayios Lazaros, Larnaca|Church of St. Lazarus]] erected over Lazarus' tomb, which still exists today. The marble sarcophagus can be seen inside the church under the Holy of Holies.

[[File:St Lazarus Relics Brought to Moscow.jpg|right|thumb|St Lazarus' relics are [[Translation (relics)|translated]] to Moscow from Cyprus ([[June 11]], 2012).]]
After the [[w:Siege of Constantinople (1204)|sacking of Constantinople]] by the Franks during the [[Fourth Crusade]] in 1204, the Crusaders carried the saint's relics to Marseilles, France as part of the booty of war. From there, "later on, they disappeared and up to the present day they have not been traced."<ref name ="Michaelides"/>

In the 16th century, a Russian monk from the [[Pskov-Caves Monastery|Monastery of Pskov]] visited St. Lazarus’s tomb in Larnaca and took with him a small piece of the [[relics]]. Perhaps that piece led to the erection of the St. Lazarus chapel at the Pskov Monastery ([[w:Yelizarov Convent|Spaso-Eleazar Monastery, Pskov]]),<ref group="note">{{ru icon}} [http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8C Спасо-Елеазаровский монастырь]. Russian Wikipedia.</ref> where it is kept today.<ref>''[http://www.visitcyprus.com/media/Audio/written_form/St_Lazarus_afigisi_en.pdf St. Lazarus Church & Ecclesiastical Museum, Larnaca].'' Cyprus Tourism Organisation. p. 4. Retrieved: 2013-04-17.</ref>

On November 23, 1972, human remains in a marble sarcophagus were discovered under the altar, during renovation works in the church of [[w:Church of Ayios Lazaros, Larnaca|Church of St. Lazarus]] at Larnaka, and were identified as part of the saint's [[relics]].<ref>''[http://www.visitcyprus.com/media/Audio/written_form/St_Lazarus_afigisi_en.pdf St. Lazarus Church & Ecclesiastical Museum, Larnaca].'' Cyprus Tourism Organisation. p. 14. Retrieved: 2013-04-17.</ref><ref group="note">In 1970 a fire that broke out in [[w:Church of Ayios Lazaros, Larnaca|Church of St. Lazarus]] at Larnaka destroyed almost all of the internal furnishings of the church. Subsequent archaeological excavations and renovations led to the discovery of a portion of the saint's relics.</ref>

In June 2012 the [[Church of Cyprus]] gave a part of the [[relics|holy relics]] of St. Lazarus to a delegation of the Russian Orthodox Church, led by Patriarch [[Kyrill (Gundyayev) of Moscow|Kirill of Moscow and All Russia]], after a four-day visit to Cyprus. The relics were [[Translation (relics)|translated]] to Moscow on [[June 11]], 2012, and were given to Archbishop Arseniy of Istra, who took them to the [[w:Conception Convent|Zachatievsky monastery]] (Conception Convent), where they were put up for [[veneration]].<ref>''[http://www.pravoslavie.ru/english/54338.htm ST. LAZARUS' RELICS BROUGHT TO MOSCOW FROM CYPRUS].'' Pravoslavie.ru. Moscow, June 13, 2012.</ref>

==See Also==
* [[Church of Cyprus]]
* [[Lazarus Saturday]]
* [[Resurrection]]
'''Wikipedia'''
* [[w:Lazarus of Bethany|Lazarus of Bethany]]
* [[w:Tomb of Lazarus (al-Eizariya)|Tomb of Lazarus (al-Eizariya)]]
* [[w:Church of Saint Lazarus, Larnaca|Church of Saint Lazarus, Larnaca]]
* [[w:Yelizarov Convent|Spaso-Eleazar Monastery, Pskov]]
* [[w:Conception Convent|Zachatievsky monastery (Conception Convent)]]

==Notes==
<references group="note" />

==References==
<div><references/></div>

[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]
[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Biblical Saints]]

[[ro:Lazăr]]

Eulogios (Kourilas) of Korca

2013-04-26T18:07:40Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

[[File:Eulogios (Kourilas) of Korca (Korytsa).gif|right|thumb|Eulogios (Kourilas).]]
His Grace '''Eulogios (Kourilas) of Korca''', also '''Eulogios (Kourilas) Lavriotis''', or '''Evlogji Kurila'''<ref>His family name is cited either in its Greek form "Kourilas" or "Kurilas" or in its Albanian form "Kurila". His first name can be found spelled "Eulogios" or "Evlogios" in Greek, "Evlogji" in Albanian, or sometimes "Eulogio" in English.</ref> was the [[bishop]] of Korca (Korytsa) of the Autocephalous [[Church of Albania]] from 1937 to 1939.

He was also a professor at the School of Philosophy of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (1935–1937), and later at the University of Athens (1942–1949).

==Life==
Eulogios was born in 1880 in the Albanian village of Ziçisht (Greek: Zititsa), then in the [[Ottoman empire]].

Attracted during his youth by [[asceticism|ascetic]] and [[monasticism|monastic]] ideals he joined the monastic community of [[Mount Athos]]. In 1901, he graduated from the [[Athonias Ecclesiastical Academy|Athonite School]] at Mt. Athos, and then from the [[w:Phanar Greek Orthodox College|Phanar Greek Orthodox College]] in Constantinople.

He continued his studies in the Philosophy department of the University of Athens, where he acquired his Ph.D. in Humanities. He then continued his education in Germany.

Eulogios participated in the [[w:Macedonian Struggle|Greek struggle with the Bulgarians for Macedonia]] during the first decade of the twentieth century. During the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, he was in charge of 100 armed men, among them many [[priest]]s, that fought for Greece in the area of Chalkidiki, the peninsula in northern Greece that includes Mt. Athos. In 1912, Albania gained independence and recognition by the major powers of Europe.

On [[April 17]],1937, the [[Church of Albania]] was recognized as autocephalous by the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], which, after an agreement with the Albanian government, selected a number of well educated religious personalities for key positions in the Church of Albania. Among them were [[Panteleimon (Kotokos)]] as Bishop of Gjirokastër, and Eulogios (Kourilas) as Bishop of Korca (Korytsa).<ref>Kondis, Basil (1990). ''The Greeks of Northern Epirus and Greek-Albanian relations: historical review from the Greek edition: V. 3. 1922-1929-v.4 1930-1940''. 41.</ref>

After the Italian and German occupation forces were forced out of Albania at the end of World War II, a communist regime under Enver Hoxha came to power in 1945 (which later officially proclaimed Albania an atheist state on [[November 22]], 1967). As a result, Bishop Eulogios was declared an "enemy of the state" and was deprived of his Albanian citizenship. <ref>Fahlbusch, Erwin Bromiley, Geoffrey William (in 1999). ''The encyclopedia of Christianity''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 9788889345047.</ref>

By then he was already living in Greece where, parallel to his academic work, and together with Panteleimon (Kotokos), became the heads of the ''Northern Epirus Central Committee'' propagating that parts of southern Albania, known among Greeks as [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]], should be awarded to Greece.<ref>Tönes, Bernhard (1983). "[http://books.google.ca/books?ei=Lo7-TJCCJMKz8QOcqOWMCw&ct=result&hl=el&id=yJe2AAAAIAAJ&dq=Evlogios%2Bzwecks&q=%22Er+und+sein+ebenfalls+geflohener+Amtskollege+Evlogios%22&redir_esc=y#search_anchor Belastungsprobe für die albanisch-griechischen Beziehungen]". ''Südosteuropa - Zeitschrift für Gegenwartsforschung'' (in German) (Südost-Institut München. Abteilung Gegenwartsforschung): 440–456 [442].</ref>

After having become a professor at the School of Philosophy of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (1935–1937), he later taught at the University of Athens (1942-1949).

Bishop Eulogios reposed in 1961 in Stratonike, Chalkidiki.

==References==
<references/>

==Writings==
Eulogios Kourilas wrote extensively including several historical, philosophical and theological books. His main works are (titles translated from Greek):
* History of Ascetism (1929)
* Catalogue of Kausokalyvia codices (1930)
* Albanian studies (1933)
* Gregorios Argyrokastritis (1935)
* Moschopolis and its New Academy (1935)
* Heraclea Sacra (1942) (title in latin)
* Hellenism and Christianism (1944)
* Patriarchic History (1951).

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=Christophoros (Kissis)<br>(1936-1937)|
title=Bishop of Korca|
years=1937-1939|
after=Philotheos}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
* [[w:Eulogios Kourilas Lauriotis|Eulogios Kourilas Lauriotis]]. Wikipedia.
* {{el icon}} [http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82 Ευλόγιος Κουρίλας Λαυριώτης]. Greek Wikipedia.

==External link==
* [http://www.orthodoxalbania.org/English/Brief%20History/BH%20Book5.htm Part 5: From 1937 Onward]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Korca]]

Anthimus VII (Tsatsos) of Constantinople

2013-04-26T17:49:30Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

[[File:Anthimus VII.jpg|right|thumb|Anthimus VII (Tsatsos) of Constantinople.]]
His All-Holiness '''Anthimus VII (Tsatsos) of Constantinople''' was Patriarch of Constantinople during two years of the last decade of the nineteenth century, 1895 and 1896. He was a theologian and orator who was most remembered as a critic of the Roman Pope Leo XIII's encyclical of June 1894.

==Life==
Little is known of his life. Patr. Anthimus was born about the year 1835, possibly in Ioannina, Greece.

After Pope Leo XIII's encyclical ''Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae'' was promulgated on [[June 20]], 1894, Patriarch Anthimus issued a critique refuting the proposed grounds for the reunion of the Orthodox and Roman churches. While he cited the traditional Eastern arguments against Western corruption of early Christian doctrine, Patriarch Anthimus added new charges that were occasioned by the teachings formulated by the Roman Church during the nineteenth century. Patriarch Anthimus accused the Roman Church of introducing new approaches to Christian faith, such as, the pronouncement by Pope Pius IX in 1854 of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the [[Theotokos|Virgin Mary]] wherein she was exempt from original [[sin]], and the decree of the Vatican Council of 1869–70 on papal infallibility.

Patriarch Anthimus reposed during December 1913 after he was succeeded by [[Constantine V (Valiadis) of Constantinople|Constantine V]] as patriarch and had retired to Halki.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Paramythia, Philiata, Geromerion, and Parga|Metropolitan of Paramythia]]|
years=1869-1877|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Aenos (Thrace)|
years=1877-1888|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Anchialos|
years=1888|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=Gregorios<br>(1893)|
title=Metropolitan of Korytsa (Korca)|
years=1893-1894|
after=Chrysanthus<br>(1894-1895)
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalea|Metropolitan of Leros and Kalymnos]]|
years=1894-1895|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=[[Neophytus VIII of Constantinople|Neophytus VIII]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=1895-1896|
after=[[Constantine V (Valiadis) of Constantinople|Constantine V (Valiadis)]]
}}

{{end box}}

==Sources==
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/27338/Anthimus-VII-Tsatsos Britannica: Anthimus VII Tsatsos].
* [[w:Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople|Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople]]. Wikipedia.
* {{el icon}} [http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%96%CE%84 Πατριάρχης Άνθιμος Ζ΄]. Greek Wikipedia.

==External link==
*[[Wikipedia: Praeclara_Gratulationis_Publicae]]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category:Bishops of Paramythia]]
[[Category:Bishops of Korca]]

Anthimus VII (Tsatsos) of Constantinople

2013-04-25T04:14:51Z

Angellight 888: add image;

[[File:Anthimus VII.jpg|right|thumb|Anthimus VII (Tsatsos) of Constantinople.]]
His All-Holiness '''Anthimus VII (Tsatsos) of Constantinople''' was Patriarch of Constantinople during two years of the last decade of the nineteenth century, 1895 and 1896. He was a theologian and orator who was most remembered as a critic of the Roman Pope Leo XIII's encyclical of June 1894.

==Life==
Little is known of his life. Patr. Anthimus was born about the year 1835, possibly in Ioannina, Greece.

After Pope Leo XIII's encyclical ''Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae'' was promulgated on [[June 20]], 1894, Patriarch Anthimus issued a critique refuting the proposed grounds for the reunion of the Orthodox and Roman churches. While he cited the traditional Eastern arguments against Western corruption of early Christian doctrine, Patriarch Anthimus added new charges that were occasioned by the teachings formulated by the Roman Church during the nineteenth century. Patriarch Anthimus accused the Roman Church of introducing new approaches to Christian faith, such as, the pronouncement by Pope Pius IX in 1854 of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the [[Theotokos|Virgin Mary]] wherein she was exempt from original [[sin]], and the decree of the Vatican Council of 1869–70 on papal infallibility.

Patriarch Anthimus reposed during December 1913 after he was succeeded by [[Constantine V (Valiadis) of Constantinople|Constantine V]] as patriarch and had retired to Halki.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Paramythia, Philiata, Geromerion, and Parga|Metropolitan of Paramythia]]|
years=1869-1877|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Aenos (Thrace)|
years=1877-1888|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Anchialos|
years=1888|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Korytsa (Korca)|
years=1893-1894|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalea|Metropolitan of Leros and Kalymnos]]|
years=1894-1895|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=[[Neophytus VIII of Constantinople|Neophytus VIII]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=1895-1896|
after=[[Constantine V (Valiadis) of Constantinople|Constantine V (Valiadis)]]
}}

{{end box}}

==Sources==
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/27338/Anthimus-VII-Tsatsos Britannica: Anthimus VII Tsatsos].
* [[w:Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople|Patriarch Anthimus VII of Constantinople]]. Wikipedia.
* {{el icon}} [http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%96%CE%84 Πατριάρχης Άνθιμος Ζ΄]. Greek Wikipedia.

==External link==
*[[Wikipedia: Praeclara_Gratulationis_Publicae]]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category:Bishops of Paramythia]]
[[Category:Bishops of Korca]]

Anthimus VII (Tsatsos) of Constantinople

2013-04-25T04:08:01Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

His All-Holiness '''Anthimus VII (Tsatsos) of Constantinople''' was Patriarch of Constantinople during two years of the last decade of the nineteenth century, 1895 and 1896. He was a theologian and orator who was most remembered as a critic of the Roman Pope Leo XIII's encyclical of June 1894.

==Life==
Little is known of his life. Patr. Anthimus was born about the year 1835, possibly in Ioannina, Greece.

After Pope Leo XIII's encyclical ''Praeclara Gratulationis Publicae'' was promulgated on [[June 20]], 1894, Patriarch Anthimus issued a critique refuting the proposed grounds for the reunion of the Orthodox and Roman churches. While he cited the traditional Eastern arguments against Western corruption of early Christian doctrine, Patriarch Anthimus added new charges that were occasioned by the teachings formulated by the Roman Church during the nineteenth century. Patriarch Anthimus accused the Roman Church of introducing new approaches to Christian faith, such as, the pronouncement by Pope Pius IX in 1854 of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the [[Theotokos|Virgin Mary]] wherein she was exempt from original [[sin]], and the decree of the Vatican Council of 1869–70 on papal infallibility.

Patriarch Anthimus reposed during December 1913 after he was succeeded by [[Constantine V (Valiadis) of Constantinople|Constantine V]] as patriarch and had retired to Halki.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Paramythia, Philiata, Geromerion, and Parga|Metropolitan of Paramythia]]|
years=1869-1877|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Aenos (Thrace)|
years=1877-1888|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Anchialos|
years=1888|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Korytsa (Korca)|
years=1893-1894|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Leros, Kalymnos and Astypalea|Metropolitan of Leros and Kalymnos]]|
years=1894-1895|
after=?
}}

{{succession|
before=[[Neophytus VIII of Constantinople|Neophytus VIII]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=1895-1896|
after=[[Constantine V (Valiadis) of Constantinople|Constantine V (Valiadis)]]
}}

{{end box}}

==Sources==
* [[Wikipedia: Ecumenical_Patriarch_Anthimus_VII_of_Constantinople]]
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/27338/Anthimus-VII-Tsatsos Britannica: Anthimus VII Tsatsos]

==External link==
*[[Wikipedia: Praeclara_Gratulationis_Publicae]]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category:Bishops of Paramythia]]
[[Category:Bishops of Korca]]

Eulogios (Kourilas) of Korca

2013-04-25T03:26:24Z

Angellight 888: add image; links; minor edits;

[[File:Eulogios (Kourilas) of Korca (Korytsa).gif|right|thumb|Eulogios (Kourilas).]]
His Grace '''Eulogios (Kourilas) of Korca''', also '''Eulogios (Kourilas) Lavriotis''', or '''Evlogji Kurila'''<ref>His family name is cited either in its Greek form "Kourilas" or "Kurilas" or in its Albanian form "Kurila". His first name can be found spelled "Eulogios" or "Evlogios" in Greek, "Evlogji" in Albanian, or sometimes "Eulogio" in English.</ref> was the [[bishop]] of Korca (Korytsa) of the Autocephalous [[Church of Albania]] from 1937 to 1939.

He was also a professor at the School of Philosophy of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (1935–1937), and later at the University of Athens (1942–1949).

==Life==
Eulogios was born in 1880 in the Albanian village of Ziçisht (Greek: Zititsa), then in the [[Ottoman empire]].

Attracted during his youth by [[asceticism|ascetic]] and [[monasticism|monastic]] ideals he joined the monastic community of [[Mount Athos]]. In 1901, he graduated from the [[Athonias Ecclesiastical Academy|Athonite School]] at Mt. Athos, and then from the [[w:Phanar Greek Orthodox College|Phanar Greek Orthodox College]] in Constantinople.

He continued his studies in the Philosophy department of the University of Athens, where he acquired his Ph.D. in Humanities. He then continued his education in Germany.

Eulogios participated in the [[w:Macedonian Struggle|Greek struggle with the Bulgarians for Macedonia]] during the first decade of the twentieth century. During the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, he was in charge of 100 armed men, among them many [[priest]]s, that fought for Greece in the area of Chalkidiki, the peninsula in northern Greece that includes Mt. Athos. In 1912, Albania gained independence and recognition by the major powers of Europe.

On [[April 17]],1937, the [[Church of Albania]] was recognized as autocephalous by the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], which, after an agreement with the Albanian government, selected a number of well educated religious personalities for key positions in the Church of Albania. Among them were [[Panteleimon (Kotokos)]] as Bishop of Gjirokastër, and Eulogios (Kourilas) as Bishop of Korca (Korytsa).<ref>Kondis, Basil (1990). ''The Greeks of Northern Epirus and Greek-Albanian relations: historical review from the Greek edition: V. 3. 1922-1929-v.4 1930-1940''. 41.</ref>

After the Italian and German occupation forces were forced out of Albania at the end of World War II, a communist regime under Enver Hoxha came to power in 1945 (which later officially proclaimed Albania an atheist state on [[November 22]], 1967). As a result, Bishop Eulogios was declared an "enemy of the state" and was deprived of his Albanian citizenship. <ref>Fahlbusch, Erwin Bromiley, Geoffrey William (in 1999). ''The encyclopedia of Christianity''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 9788889345047.</ref>

By then he was already living in Greece where, parallel to his academic work, and together with Panteleimon (Kotokos), became the heads of the ''Northern Epirus Central Committee'' propagating that parts of southern Albania, known among Greeks as [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]], should be awarded to Greece.<ref>Tönes, Bernhard (1983). "[http://books.google.ca/books?ei=Lo7-TJCCJMKz8QOcqOWMCw&ct=result&hl=el&id=yJe2AAAAIAAJ&dq=Evlogios%2Bzwecks&q=%22Er+und+sein+ebenfalls+geflohener+Amtskollege+Evlogios%22&redir_esc=y#search_anchor Belastungsprobe für die albanisch-griechischen Beziehungen]". ''Südosteuropa - Zeitschrift für Gegenwartsforschung'' (in German) (Südost-Institut München. Abteilung Gegenwartsforschung): 440–456 [442].</ref>

After having become a professor at the School of Philosophy of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (1935–1937), he later taught at the University of Athens (1942-1949).

Bishop Eulogios reposed in 1961 in Stratonike, Chalkidiki.

==References==
<references/>

==Writings==
Eulogios Kourilas wrote extensively including several historical, philosophical and theological books. His main works are (titles translated from Greek):
* History of Ascetism (1929)
* Catalogue of Kausokalyvia codices (1930)
* Albanian studies (1933)
* Gregorios Argyrokastritis (1935)
* Moschopolis and its New Academy (1935)
* Heraclea Sacra (1942) (title in latin)
* Hellenism and Christianism (1944)
* Patriarchic History (1951).

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Korca|
years=1937-1939|
after=Joan Pelushi}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
* [[w:Eulogios Kourilas Lauriotis|Eulogios Kourilas Lauriotis]]. Wikipedia.
* {{el icon}} [http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%85%CE%BB%CF%8C%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%82_%CE%9B%CE%B1%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82 Ευλόγιος Κουρίλας Λαυριώτης]. Greek Wikipedia.

==External link==
* [http://www.orthodoxalbania.org/English/Brief%20History/BH%20Book5.htm Part 5: From 1937 Onward]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Korca]]

Yesehaq (Mandefro) of the Western Hemisphere

2013-04-25T01:19:16Z

Angellight 888: add link;

{{oriental}}
[[File:Abuna Yesehaq.jpg|right|thumb|220px|Archbishop Yesehaq Mandefro (Abuna Yesehaq), 1933-2005, a leader in the diaspora of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church.]]
His Eminence Archbishop '''Yesehaq (Mandefro) of the Western Hemisphere''', also '''Abuna Yesehaq''' or '''Father Isaac''' (born '''Laike Maryam Mandefro''' in 1933 in [[w:Adwa|Adwa]], Ethiopia - died December 29, 2005 in Newark, New Jersey), was a leader of the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] in the Western Hemisphere. A [[monk]] of [[w:Debre Libanos|Debra Libanos]], he arrived in the West Indies from Africa in 1970 and initiated an extraordinary period of evangelisation and conversion.<ref name=NORMAN>Norman Hugh Redington. ''[http://www.voskrese.info/spl/Xyesehaq.html Archbishop Isaac Mandefro].'' The Saint Pachomius Library. Retrieved: 2012-04-22.</ref> He also undertook missionary journeys throughout the Western world and in 1979 was made Primate of the Church of Ethiopia in the Western Hemisphere.<ref name=NORMAN/> In the early 1990's he split his congregations in the Americas from the mother church in Addis Ababa during the political upheaval in Ethiopia. He was credited with forming more than 70 congregations, with more than 300,000 members throughout the Caribbean and elsewhere.<ref name="NY TIMES">Wolfgang Saxon. ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/08/nyregion/08yesehaq.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Abuna Yesehaq Mandefro, Ethiopian Archbishop, 72, Dies].'' NY Times (Obituary). January 8, 2006.</ref>

Archbishop Yesehaq was also the [[hierarch]] who [[Baptism|baptized]] Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician [[w:Bob Marley|Bob Marley]] (†1981) into the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church in Kingston, Jamaica, on [[November 4]], 1980.<ref name=AYBBM>''"[http://www.jamaicans.com/culture/rasta/interview_AbundaYesehaq.shtml Interviews with Abunda Yesehaq who Baptised Bob Marley]".'' Jamaicans.com. May 21, 2003.</ref><ref name=BMBC>''"[http://www.jamaicans.com/culture/rasta/ethiopian_church.shtml The Ethiopian Orthodox Church & Bob Marley's Baptism And The Church]".'' Jamaicans.com. May 21, 2003.</ref>

==Biography==
===In Ethiopia===
Archbishop Yesehaq was born Laike Maryam Mandefro to an Ethiopian Orthodox family in 1933. He grew up in the [[w:Debre Libanos|Debra Libanos]] monastery from the time he was three years old.<ref name=YAHOO-OSERVER>''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4658 Abuna Yesehaq to be buried in Jamaica].'' Jamaica Observer. January 7, 2006. (Yahoo Orthodox News).</ref> Attending liturgical schools in Ethiopia, he excelled in spiritual knowledge as well as in secular studies, and was ordained a [[deacon]] and [[priest]] there.<ref name="NY TIMES">Wolfgang Saxon. ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/08/nyregion/08yesehaq.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Abuna Yesehaq Mandefro, Ethiopian Archbishop, 72, Dies].'' NY Times (Obituary). January 8, 2006.</ref> He was one of the clerics fortunate enough to be tutored personally by Emperor [[w:Haile Selassie I|Haile Selassie I]], the titular head of the Church.<ref name="NY TIMES"/>

===In the US===
Coming west, he first went to Buffalo and later to New York City to continue his divinity studies, receiving advanced degrees in religious education and theology,<ref name="NY TIMES"/> including a Doctorate of Divinity from Princeton University (School of Theology), [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Russian Orthodox Seminary]], and a degree in Psychology and English Literature from NYU.<ref>''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4597 Haile Petros: On the Death of His Eminence, Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq].'' Obituary. December 30, 2005. (Yahoo Orthodox News).</ref>

Abba Laike Mandefro, as he was then known, was originally appointed by the Emperor Haile Selassie and was sent to the Americas in 1962 to tend to Ethiopians principally in the United States and Jamaica.<ref name="NY TIMES"/> Since October 1959, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church had officially established a branch in New York, and Abba Laike Mandefro was given the task of finding a more suitable building for the Church, which was purchased in 1966. However when Mandefro returned to Ethiopia to seek assistance for renovations, the building was claimed by the New York City authorities in his absence. With the assistance of Emperor Haile Selassie however, and the Ethiopian consulate in New York, Mandefro returned to New York City and purchased another site for the Church in 1969.

===In Jamaica and the Caribbean===
Abuna Yesehaq's work in the Caribbean began after Emperor [[w:Haile Selassie I|Haile Selassie I]] visited Jamaica in 1966 (i.e. [[w:Grounation Day|Grounation Day]]) and was thronged by local Rastafarians, who saw Selassie as a modern-day messiah. According to church leaders, Selassie denied being a deity and urged Yesehaq to try to draw the Rastafarians to the Ethiopian church.<ref>Debbi Wilgoren. ''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4655 Ethiopians in D.C. Region Mourn Archbishop's Death].'' Washington Post. January 13, 2006. Page B01. (Yahoo Orthodox News).</ref> Upon his return to Ethiopia from Jamaica, Emperor [[w:Haile Selassie I|Haile Selassie I]] spoke to Abuna Yesehaq, [[Hieromonk]] of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church abroad, and declared:
:"There is a problem in Jamaica.... Please, help these people. They are misunderstanding, they do not understand our culture.... They need a church to be established and you are chosen to go."<ref name="BMBC"/>

Thus in 1970 Abuna Yesehaq was sent to Jamaica where he began to minister specifically to the [[w:Rastafari|Rastafari]] community, at the official invitation of Rasta elders including [[w:Joseph Hibbert|Joseph Hibbert]], who was in turn named as a "Spiritual Organizer" by Mandefro. In the course of a year he baptized some 1200 dreads and laid the foundation for the church's subsequent growth. He also encountered fierce opposition from those Elders who taught that Haile Selassie was Jah in essence and demanded "baptism in Ras Tafari's name". In Montego Bay, only one dread accepted Orthodox baptism; Laike Mandefro baptized him Ahadu -- "One Man".<ref name=NORMAN3>Norman H. Redington. ''[http://www.thirdfield.com/new/religion.html The Rastafari Religion].'' 12 May 1995 16:39:36 GMT.</ref>

Many government officials and others in Jamaica were deeply disappointed that Abba Mandefro defended the Rastafarians' faith on many occasions, and that he [[Baptism|baptised]] thousands of them, pointedly refusing to denounce their faith in Haile Selassie as the returned Christ. On the other hand, a large number of other Rastas were likewise disappointed because he would not [[Baptism|baptise]] them in the name of the Emperor, but only in the name of [[Jesus Christ]]. This however did not disturb those Rastas who viewed Christ and Haile Selassie as one and the same, and readily underwent baptism at the hands of this man who had been sent from Ethiopia by their living God.

Only after the Marxist [[w:Derg|Derg]] Revolution toppled Haile Selassie (on September 12, 1974)<ref group="note">"With the fall of Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974, the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]] was disestablished as the state church. The new Marxist government began nationalising property (including land) owned by the church. Patriarch Abune Tewophilos was arrested in 1976 by the Marxist Derg military junta, and secretly executed in 1979. The government ordered the church to elect a new Patriarch, and [[Tekle Haimanot II|Abune Takla Haymanot]] was enthroned. The [[Church of Alexandria (Coptic)|Coptic Orthodox Church]] refused to recognize the election and enthronement of Abune Tekle Haymanot on the grounds that the Synod of the Ethiopian Church had not removed Abune Tewophilos and that the government had not publicly acknowledged his death, and he was thus still legitimate Patriarch of Ethiopia. Formal relations between the two churches were halted, although they remained in communion with each other. Formal relations between the two churches resumed on July 13, 2007."<br>
:* ''[http://kidanemeheretchurch.org/history.html Ethiopian Tewahedo Kidane Meheret Church].'' Denver, Colorado. Retrieved: 2012-04-14.</ref> and appointed their own Patriarch over the Church, did the requirement become enforced for prospective baptisees in Jamaica to renounce his divinity and cut their dreadlocks.

In 1979 he received the title ''"Archbishop Yesehaq of the Western Hemisphere and South Africa"''.<ref name="NY TIMES"/>

===Bob Marley's Baptism in Ethiopian Orthodox Church===
Archbishop Yesehaq was perhaps best known to the non-religious world as [[Godfather]] and spiritual adviser to Bob and Rita Marley and their children.<ref name=BERMUDA>''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4837 Juliet makes sad pilgrimage for long-time friend's service].'' The Royal Gazette (Bermuda). Feb 10, 2006. (Yahoo Orthodox News).</ref>

In a November 25, 1984 newspaper interview with Archbishop Yesehaq done by Barbara Blake Hannah in the [[w:Gleaner Company|Jamaica Gleaner's]] Sunday Magazine (''The Sunday Gleaner''), titled ''"Abuna Yesehaq Looks Back on 14 Years of Ministry in Jamaica"'', the Archbishop said the following about Bob Marley's [[baptism]], which had taken place on [[November 4]], 1980:

<blockquote>"Bob was really a good brother, a child of God, regardless of how people looked at him. He had a desire to be [[Baptism|baptised]] long ago, but there were people close to him who controlled him and who were aligned to a different aspect of Rastafari. But he came to Church regularly. I remember once while I was conducting the [[Divine Liturgy|Mass]], I looked at Bob and tears were streaming down his face...When he toured Los Angeles and New York and England, he preached the Orthodox faith, and many members in those cities came to the Church because of Bob. Many people think he was baptised because he knew he was dying, but that is not so...he did it when there was no longer any pressure on him, and when he was baptised, he hugged his family and wept, they all wept together for about half an hour."<ref name="AYBBM"/><ref>''[http://beginningandend.com/bob-marley-rasta-believer-jesus-christ/ Redemption Song: Bob Marley’s Journey From Rasta to Believer in Jesus Christ].'' Beginning and End (Blog). February 22, 2012.</ref></blockquote>

Bob Marley's close friend [[w:Tommy Cowan|Tommy Cowan]] also stated that Bob converted to Christianity before he died.<ref name="BMBC"/>

When Bob Marley died in 1981, Archbishop Yesehaq presided over his [[Memorial Services|memorial service]] at the National Stadium in Kingston.<ref name="BERMUDA"/> According to the reminiscences of Juliet Wilkinson, a friend of the Archbishop, Abuna Yesehaq had prayed for Bob in an [[All-Night Vigil|all-night vigil]] the day before the funeral, chanting in the ancient Ethiopian
languages of Geez and Amharic:
::"He was praying for Bob. He sang from about nine in the evening until the crack of dawn. I don't know if you have ever heard these languages but it was like listening to the angels sing. It was beautiful."<ref name="BERMUDA"/>

===Holy Synod in Exile of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church===
When Patriarch [[w:Abune Paulos|Abune Paulos]] was elected in 1992 under the new government of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front ([[w:EPRDF|EPRDF]]), the incumbent Patriarch Catholicos of All Ethiopia [[w:Abuna Merkorios|Abune Merkorios]] and his supporters went into exile, establishing a rival synod in the United States, thus creating a [[schism]] in the [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]].<ref group="note">"Following the fall of the Derg regime in 1991, and the coming to power of the EPRDF government, Patriarch [[w:Abuna Merkorios|Abune Merkorios]] abdicated under public and governmental pressure. The church then elected a new Patriarch, [[w:Abune Paulos|Abune Paulos]], who was recognized by the [[List of Coptic Popes|Coptic Orthodox Pope of Alexandria]]. The former Patriarch Abune Merkorios then fled abroad, and announced from exile that his abdication had been made under duress and thus he was still the legitimate Patriarch of Ethiopia. Several bishops also went into exile and formed a break-away alternate synod. This exiled synod is recognized by some Ethiopian Churches in North America and Europe who recognize Patriarch Abune Merkorios, while the synod inside Ethiopia continues to uphold the legitimacy of Patriarch Abune Paulos."<br>
:* ''[http://kidanemeheretchurch.org/history.html Ethiopian Tewahedo Kidane Meheret Church].'' Denver, Colorado. Retrieved: 2012-04-14.</ref>

Abuna Yesehaq refused to recognise this political change, pointing out that according to the ancient Church [[canon]]s, the Church leaders are to remain in office until they pass away, and cannot be dismissed or reappointed by any secular government; and that Ethiopian Orthodox [[canon]] law does not allow for the dethronement of a patriarch except on the grounds of [[heresy]]. Thus he declared the Western Hemisphere branch independent of Addis Ababa rather than accept the pre-eminence of the new patriarch, Abuna Paulos.<ref name="NY TIMES"/> In the ensuing dispute over the authority of the two prelates, adherents of Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq clung to their own interpretation of canon law and continued to follow him, instead of the patriarch in Addis Ababa.<ref name="NY TIMES"/>

However, the New York City authorities took the side of the newly-appointed Patriarch, and police interrupted a Church service on August 9, 1998 with guns drawn, using profanity, handcuffing children, and taking possession of the Church in the name of Abuna Paulos.

===Death===
Abuna Yesehaq died on [[December 29]], 2005 at the Newark Beth Israel Medical Centre, Newark, New Jersey, USA, at the age of 72.<ref name="YAHOO-OSERVER"/> His death was announced by a spokesman for the archbishopric in Dallas, where he had recently moved his seat, and by Father Haile Malekot of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Kingston, Jamaica.<ref name="NY TIMES"/> The Archbishop was buried in Jamaica in accordance with his personal wishes:
::"The most important reason he is being buried in Jamaica, is because he came here on a mission specifically directed by His Majesty, Emperor Haile Selassie I, to establish the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. This was because of the love the Jamaican people have for Ethiopia and His Majesty," said a spokesperson of the church.<ref name="YAHOO-OSERVER"/>

His funeral at the National Arena in Jamaica on [[January 20]], 2006 drew hundreds of mourners including Jamaican politicians, celebrities and members of the Rastafarian community, and was marked by lengthy rituals of liturgical drumming and chanting in the ancient Ethiopian languages of Geez and Amharic.<ref name="BERMUDA"/>

His Mausoleum is in Kingston, Jamaica, at the Holy Trinity Ethiopian Orthodox Church on Maxfield Ave.<ref>Emahoy Hannah Mariam. ''[http://www.ethiopianorthodoxchurch.info/about.html Ethiopian Orthodox Church Info].'' Retrieved: 2012-04-23.</ref>

==Legacy==
Abba Mandefro founded many [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches throughout the Caribbean and elsewhere, being credited with forming more than 70 congregations, with more than 300,000 members, many of them in the Caribbean.<ref name="NY TIMES"/> Besides establishing the EOC in Jamaica in 1970 with branches islandwide,<ref group="note">According to a report by the Wolrd Council of Churches in 2000:<br>
:"The Ethiopian Monk Priest, Abba Mandefro (now Archbishop Yesehaq) and other Ethiopian prelates established the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Jamaica, in May 1970. It falls within the Western Archdiocese of the Church of Ethiopia. In Jamaica there are some six branches of the church found in Kingston, St. James, Portland, Westmoreland and St. Catherine. There is a misconception among some Jamaicans that the Ethiopian Orthodox Church is a Rastafarian Church. This misconception may have been precipitated by the fact that many Rastafarians associate themselves with the church because of its African origin and its links with Ethiopian Emperor, Haile Salassie."<br>
:* World Council of Churches (Education and Ecumenical Formation). ''[http://www.oikoumene.org/fileadmin/files/wcc-main/documents/p5/Ministerial_formation/mf090.pdf MINISTERIAL FORMATION].'' JULY 2000 - No. 90. Page 37. (.pdf)</ref> he also established chapters in England, Canada, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, the US Virgin Islands, Guyana, St Kitts and Bermuda.<ref name="YAHOO-OSERVER"/>

In particular he is credited with introducing Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity to Rastafarians throughout the Caribbean region, baptising an estimated 45,000 of them into the church.<ref name="BERMUDA"/> According to Norman Hugh Redington, editor of the [http://www.voskrese.info/spl/index.html St. Pachomius Library], many people would add that Abuna Yesehaq was an "Apostle to the Caribbean."<ref name="NORMAN3"/>

==As Author==
* Archbishop Yesehaq. ''[http://www.amazon.ca/The-Ethiopian-Tewahedo-Church-Integrally/dp/1555237398/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1335227916&sr=1-1 The Ethiopian Tewahedo Church: An Integrally African Church].'' J.C. Winston Pub. Co., 1997. 244 pp. ISBN 9781555237394

==See also==
* [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church]]
* [[Zena Marqos]]
'''Wikipedia'''<br>
* [[w:Abuna Yesehaq|Abuna Yesehaq]]
* [[w:Ethiopian Orthodox Coptic Church of North and South America|Ethiopian Orthodox Coptic Church of North and South America]]

==Notes==
<small><references group="note" /></small>

==References==
<div><references/></div>

==Sources==
* Wolfgang Saxon. ''[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/08/nyregion/08yesehaq.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Abuna Yesehaq Mandefro, Ethiopian Archbishop, 72, Dies].'' NY Times (Obituary). January 8, 2006.
* Norman Hugh Redington. ''[http://www.voskrese.info/spl/Xyesehaq.html Archbishop Isaac Mandefro].'' The Saint Pachomius Library. Retrieved: 2012-04-22.
* Norman Hugh Redington. ''[http://www.thirdfield.com/new/religion.html The Rastafari Religion].'' 12 May 1995 16:39:36 GMT.
* Emahoy Hannah Mariam. ''[http://www.ethiopianorthodoxchurch.info/about.html Ethiopian Orthodox Church Info].'' Retrieved: 2012-04-23.
* ''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4658 Abuna Yesehaq to be buried in Jamaica].'' Jamaica Observer. January 7, 2006. (Yahoo Orthodox News).
* ''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4837 Juliet makes sad pilgrimage for long-time friend's service].'' The Royal Gazette (Bermuda). Feb 10, 2006. (Yahoo Orthodox News).
* ''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4597 Haile Petros: On the Death of His Eminence, Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq].'' Obituary. December 30, 2005. (Yahoo Orthodox News).
* Debbi Wilgoren. ''[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/OrthodoxNews/message/4655 Ethiopians in D.C. Region Mourn Archbishop's Death].'' Washington Post. January 13, 2006. Page B01. (Yahoo Orthodox News).
* Barry Chevannes. ''"The Apotheosis of Rastafari Heroes."'' In: John W. Pulis. '''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=ItXJRwEhzXAC&dq=inauthor:%22John+W.+Pulis%22&hl=en Religion, Diaspora and Cultural Identity: A Reader in the Anglophone Caribbean].''' Volume 14 of Library of Anthropology. Gordon and Breach, 1999. p.345.
* ''[http://www.abbayesehaq.com/ Abba Yesehaq.com].'' The official web-site of His Eminence Abuna Yesehaq.
* ''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXiPllReCBI Bob Marleys conversion into the Orthodox church - Archbishop Abuna Yesehaq].'' YouTube. (Interview of Archbishop Yesehaq by Ian Boyne of 'Profile', Television Jamaica).

[[Category:Oriental Orthodox]]
[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]
[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Non-Chalcedonian Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:St. Vladimir's Seminary Graduates]]

User:Angellight 888

2013-04-25T00:32:23Z

Angellight 888:

[[Image:Christ - The Light of the World.jpg|left|thumb]]
{{Userboxtop}}
{{User GOC}}
{{user laity}}
{{User degree/MLIS}}
{{Septuagint-1}}
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==Major Contributions==
* Created, imported, or to which I've contributed significant content:

===Calendar===
{|-
| September
|<small>[[September 1|1]] </small>
|-
| October
|<small>[[October 1|1]] [[October 28|28]]</small>
|-
| November
|<small>[[November 1|1]] [[November 2|2]] </small>
|-
| December    
|<small>[[December 1|1]] [[December 2|2]] [[December 3|3]] [[December 4|4]] [[December 5|5]] [[December 6|6]] [[December 7|7]] [[December 8|8]] [[December 9|9]] [[December 10|10]] [[December 11|11]] [[December 12|12]] [[December 13|13]] [[December 14|14]] [[December 15|15]] [[December 16|16]] [[December 17|17]] [[December 18|18]] [[December 19|19]] [[December 20|20]] [[December 21|21]] [[December 22|22]] [[December 23|23]] [[December 24|24]] [[December 25|25]] [[December 26|26]] [[December 27|27]] [[December 28|28]] [[December 29|29]] [[December 30|30]] [[December 31|31]]</small>
|-
| January
|<small>[[January 1|1]] [[January 2|2]] [[January 3|3]] [[January 4|4]] [[January 5|5]] [[January 6|6]] [[January 7|7]] [[January 8|8]] [[January 9|9]] [[January 10|10]] [[January 11|11]] [[January 12|12]] [[January 13|13]] [[January 14|14]] [[January 15|15]] [[January 16|16]] [[January 17|17]] [[January 18|18]] [[January 19|19]]</small>
|-
| February
|<small>[[February 1|1]] </small>
|-
| March
|<small>[[March 1|1]] [[March 16|16]] [[March 17|17]] [[March 18|18]]</small>
|-
| April
|<small>[[April 1|1]] [[April 27|27]] [[April 28|28]] [[April 29|29]] [[April 30|30]]</small>
|-
| May
|<small>[[May 1|1]] [[May 2|2]] [[May 3|3]] [[May 4|4]] [[May 5|5]] [[May 6|6]] [[May 7|7]] [[May 8|8]] [[May 9|9]] [[May 10|10]] [[May 11|11]] [[May 12|12]] [[May 13|13]] [[May 14|14]] [[May 15|15]] [[May 16|16]] [[May 17|17]] [[May 18|18]] [[May 19|19]] [[May 20|20]] [[May 21|21]] [[May 22|22]] [[May 23|23]] [[May 24|24]] [[May 25|25]] [[May 26|26]] [[May 27|27]] [[May 28|28]] [[May 29|29]] [[May 30|30]] [[May 31|31]]</small>
|-
| June
|<small>[[June 1|1]] </small>
|-
| July
|<small>[[July 1|1]] </small>
|-
| August
|<small>[[August 1|1]] </small>
|}

===Categories===
:* Category:Ante-Nicene Saints
:* Category:Athonite Fathers
:* Category:Bishops by century (41 subcategories)
:* Category:Bishops by city:
::* Category:Bishops of Andida
::* Category:Bishops of Florina
::* Category:Bishops of Lviv
::* Category:Bishops of Pelagonia
::* Category:Bishops of Piraeus
::* Category:Bishops of Vresthena
:* Category:Byzantine Saints
:* Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity
:* Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity from Protestantism
:* Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity from Roman Catholicism
:* Category:Eastern Orthodox Righteous Among the Nations
:* Category:Hesychasm
:* Category:Italian Saints
:* Category:Language icon templates (15 languages)
:* Category:Orthodoxy in Africa
:* Category:Orthodoxy in Poland
:* Category:Pre-Schism Western Saints

===Church Life / History===
:* [[Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius]]
:* [[Byzantine Commonwealth]]
:* [[Byzantine Creation Era]]
:* [[Code of Justinian]]
:* [[Double-headed eagle]]
:* [[Evangelakia Events (Athens, 1901)]]
:* [[Fourth Crusade]]
:* [[Friends of Mount Athos]]
:* [[Godparent]]
:* [[Kollyva]]
:* [[Labarum]]
:* [[Letter of Lentulus]]
:* [[Life-Giving Spring]]
:* [[Memorial Services]]
:* [[Pax Romana]]
:* [[Persecution of Coptic Orthodox Christians]]
:* [[Protos (monastic office)]]
:* [[Pskov Orthodox Mission]]
:* [[Votive Offerings]]

===Churches / Monasteries / Places===
:* [[Belogorsky St. Nicholas Orthodox Missionary Monastery Cathedral (Perm Krai, Russia)]]
:* [[Church of St. Mary of Justinian (Temple Mount, Jerusalem)]]
:* [[Church of the Life-Giving Font of the Theotokos (Istanbul)‎]]
:* [[Church of Saints Peter and Paul of the Greeks (Naples, Italy)]]
:* [[Golgotha]]
:* [[Gynaikeion]]
:* [[Greek Church of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica (St. Petersburg, Russia)]]
:* [[Hagia Sophia (Białystok, Poland)]]
:* [[Holy Trinity St. Seraphim-Diveyevo Convent]]
:* [[Jacob's Well (Nablus, West Bank)]]
:* [[Kamenny Monastery]]
:* [[Neo-Byzantine architecture]]
:* [[Panagia Soumela]]
:* [[San Giorgio dei Greci (Venice, Italy)]]
:* [[St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church (New York City, New York)]]
:* [[St. Sophia Cathedral (Harbin, China)]]

===Disambiguation pages===
:* [[Constantine (disambiguation)]]
:* [[David (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Dionysius (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Gabriel (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Gregory (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Hagia Sophia (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Joannicius (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Job (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Luke (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Matrona (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Nilus (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Porphyrios (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Sabbas (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Seraphim (disambiguation)]]
:* [[Synaxis (disambiguation)]]

===People===
====Clergy====
:* [[Abbot of Iona]]
:* [[Alexander (Du) Lifu]]
:* [[Augustinos (Kantiotes) of Florina]]
:* [[Augustine (Markevitch) of Lviv and Galicia]]
:* [[Christophoros (Rakintzakis) of Andida]]
:* [[Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos]]
:* [[Daniel (Bambang Dwi) Byantoro]]
:* [[Eugenios Voulgaris]]
:* [[Evangelos (Lu) Yaofu]]
:* [[Filaret (Vakhromeev) of Minsk and Slutsk]]
:* [[Gabriel Bunge]]
:* [[Germanos of Patra]]
:* [[Hedeon (Balaban) of Lviv]]
:* [[Ioannikios Kartanos]]
:* [[Innokentiy Gizel]]
:* [[Joachim (Phoropoulos) of Pelagonia]]
:* [[Joasaph (Skorodumov) of Canada and Argentina]]
:* [[John XVI of Rome]]
:* [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]]
:* [[Kyprianos of Cyprus]]
:* [[Michael (Wang) Quansheng]]
:* [[Nikolaos Loudovikos]]
:* [[Nilus Cabasilas]]
:* [[Philotheos (Bryennios) of Nicomedia]]
:* [[Raphael Morgan]]
:* [[Sophianos of Dryinoupolis]]
:* [[Stephanos (Daniilidis) of Lemnos]]
:* [[Thaddeus (Strabulovich) of Vitovnica‎]]
:* [[Vladimir (Guettée)]]
:* [[Yesehaq (Mandefro) of the Western Hemisphere]]
:* [[Zakaria Botros]]

====New Martyrs====
:* [[Daniel Sysoyev]]
:* [[Euthymios (Agritellis) of Zela]]
:* [[Gabriel Kostelnik]]
:* [[Peter Skipetrov]]
:* [[John Karastamatis of Santa Cruz]]
:* [[José Muñoz-Cortes]]
:* [[New Martyrs of Optina Pustyn]]
:* [[Paul (de Ballester-Convallier) of Nazianzus]]
:* [[Philoumenos (Hasapis) of Jacob's Well]]
:* [[Vladimir Lozina-Lozinsky]]

====Saints====
:* [[42 Martyrs of Amorium]]
:* [[Alexis (Kabaliuk) of Carpathia]]
:* [[Anastasia the Roman]]
:* [[Birnstan of Winchester]]
:* [[Caesarius of Arles]]
:* [[Constantine of Cornwall‎]]
:* [[Constantine of Strathclyde]]
:* [[David of Euboea]]
:* [[David of Thessalonica]]
:* [[Dionysius of Paris]] (St Denis)
:* [[Dionysius of Vienne]]
:* [[Dúnchad mac Cinn Fáelad]]
:* [[Dymphna]]
:* [[Gabriel of Białystok]]
:* [[Gamaliel]]
:* [[Genesius of Rome]]
:* [[George the Hagiorite]]
:* [[Gregentios of Himyaritia]]
:* [[Helen of Caernarfon]]
:* [[Hosius the Confessor]]
:* [[Hospitius the Hermit]]
:* [[Hypatius of Gangra]]
:* [[Jacob of Nisibis]]
:* [[John III Doukas Vatatzes]]
:* [[Lucy of Syracuse]]
:* [[Luke of Sicily]]
:* [[Luke the Younger]]
:* [[Mar Awgin]]
:* [[Mathurin of Larchant]]
:* [[Matrona of Moscow]]
:* [[Nilus the Younger]]
:* [[Niphon of Mount Athos]]
:* [[Pionius of Smyrna]]
:* [[Porphyrios of Gaza]]
:* [[Reginos of Skopelos]]
:* [[Remigius of Rheims]]
:* [[Seventy Apostles]]
:* [[Sisoes the Great]]
:* [[Stephen the New]]
:* [[Synaxis of All Saints of Siberia]]
:* [[Tatiana of Rome]]
:* [[Telemachus]]
:* [[Theodosius the Great (Cenobiarch)]]
:* [[Willibrord]]

====Other People====
:* [[Albert J. Raboteau]]
:* [[Apostolos Makrakis]]
:* [[Ferdinand Gregorovius]]
:* [[George Alexander McGuire]]
:* [[Jean-Claude Larchet]]
:* [[John Paul I]]
:* [[Karl Krumbacher]]
:* [[Michael Damaskinos]]
:* [[Pierre Leclerc]]
:* [[Roman Silantyev]]
:* [[Sylvester Syropoulos]]
:* [[Vyacheslav Krasheninnikov]]

===Timelines===
:* [[Timeline of Church History]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (New Testament Era)]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Apostolic Era (33-100))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Ante-Nicene Era (100-325))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Nicene Era (325-451))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Byzantine Era (451-843))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Late Byzantine Era (843-1054))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Post-Roman Schism (1054-1453))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Post-Imperial Era (1453-1821))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Modern Era (1821-1917))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Communist Era (1917-1991))]]
::* [[Timeline of Church History (Post-Communist Era (1991-Present))]]
:* [[Timeline of Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic relations]]
:* [[Timeline of Oriental Orthodoxy in India (St. Thomas Christianity)]]
:* [[Timeline of Orthodoxy in the British Isles]]
:* [[Timeline of Orthodoxy in China]]
:* [[Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece]]
:* [[Timeline of Schisms]]

===Lists===
:* [[List of Bishops in Byzantine Egypt (A.D. 325 to c.750)]]
:* [[List of Parishes in Canada]]
::* [[List of parishes in British Columbia (Canada)]]
::* [[List of parishes in Alberta (Canada)]]
::* [[List of parishes in Saskatchewan (Canada)]]
::* [[List of parishes in Manitoba (Canada)]]
::* [[List of parishes in Ontario (Canada)]]
::* [[List of parishes in Quebec (Canada)]]
::* [[List of parishes in Atlantic provinces (Canada)]]
::* [[List of parishes in Territories (Canada)]]

===Metropolises===
:* [[Metropolis of Demetrias and Almyros]]
:* [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]]
:* [[Metropolis of Florina, Prespai, and Eordaia]]
:* [[Metropolis of Kastoria]]
:* [[Metropolis of Lemnos and St. Eustratius]]
:* [[Metropolis of Serres and Nigrita]]

===Miscellaneous===
:* [[Apostoliki Diakonia]]
:* [[Blood in the Bible]]
:* [[Brahmavar (Goan) Orthodox Church]]
:* [[Eastern Orthodoxy and Judaism]]
:* [[Exorcism]]
:* [[Inter-Orthodox Consultation on the Draft Constitutional Treaty of the European Union]]
:* [[Islam]]
:* [[Israel]]
:* [[Nychthemeron]]
:* [[Orthodox - Old Catholic Dialogue]]
:* [[Passover]]
:* [[Magi#Star_of_Bethlehem|Magi: Star of Bethlehem]]

==Minor Contributions==
* Addition of a significant fact:

:* [[Basil III (Georgiadis) of Constantinople]]
:* [[Benedict (Papadopoulos) of Jerusalem]]
:* [[Benedict XVI]]
:* [[Censer]]
:* [[Chrysostomos (Kalafatis) of Smyrna]]
:* [[Church of Alexandria]]
:* [[Constantine the Great]]
:* [[Constantine XI Palaiologos]]
:* [[Elevation of the Holy Cross]]
:* [[Fool-for-Christ]]
:* [[Gerasimus II (Palladas) of Alexandria]]
:* [[Incense]]
:* [[Jacob of Serugh]]
:* [[Joachim II of Constantinople]]
:* [[John Naukliros]]
:* [[Luke (Voino-Yasenetsky) of Simferopol and Crimea]]
:* [[Meletius IV (Metaxakis) of Constantinople]]
:* [[New Martyrs]]
:* [[Nomocanon]]
:* [[Oikonomia]]
:* [[Orthodox Metropolis of Korea]]
:* [[Orthodox Schools]]
:* [[Ottoman rule and Eastern Christianity]]
:* [[Resurrection]]
:* [[Septuagint]]
:* [[The Rudder]]
:* [[Timeline of Orthodoxy in America]]
:* [[Timeline of Orthodoxy in Russia]]

==Notes==
* [[Lamb]] (liturgical)
* [[Paschal Lamb]] (redirect "Lamb of God" here; also differentiate w.r.t. the Hebrew Paschal Lamb ("Korban Peseach"))
* [[Melchizedek]]
* [[Crucifixion]]
::* [[Cyril of Jerusalem]]. ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf207.ii.xvii.html LECTURE XIII: On the words, Crucified and Buried].'' St. Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lectures, with Procatechesis and the 5 Mystagogical Catecheses.<br>
::: <small>(see #21. - (explanation of Blood and Water))</small>

Joachim (Alexopoulos) of Demetrias

2013-04-25T00:13:42Z

Angellight 888: update succession box; add image;

[[File:Ioakeim_(Alexopoulos).jpg|right|thumb|Joachim (Alexopoulos)]]
His Eminence, '''Joachim (Alexopoulos)''' was the first ruling [[Bishop]] of Boston under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America]] of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] of the area that now is the [[Metropolis of Boston]]. He served as Bishop of Boston from 1923 to 1930 before his assignment as Metropolitan of Demetrias in Greece.

==Life==
Little is known of the early life of Father Joachim Alexopoulos. In 1906, Father Joachim Alexopoulos was named the [[priest]] of the [[parish]] of Saint Sophia (Holy Wisdom) in Washington, D.C. He came to the parish after it had been served by Fr. Nathaniel Sederis and itinerant priests for the first two years after its initial organization. Fr. Joachim served at St. Sophia Church until 1918.

In 1920, Fr. Joachim Alexopoulos succeeded Fr. Joachim Malahias as the priest at the Church of the Annunciation in Boston, Massachusetts. <ref>[http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1922/10/27/outlines-dangers-of-present-turkish-adjustment/] News article by Reverend Joachim Alexopoulos</ref> Fr. Joachim Alexopoulos came to Annunciation Church at a time when the Greek disasters occurred in Turkey following World War I that caused plans for a new church in Boston to have become dormant. Fr. Joachim revitalized these plans, and a new church was completed in 1924.

On [[June 28]], 1923, Fr. Joachim was appointed the first Greek Orthodox Bishop of Boston with the new Annunciation church, which was designated a [[cathedral]], as his [[see|seat]]. During the years as the leader of the Greek Orthodox community in the Boston area, Bp. Joachim helped establish and support new parishes among the Greek immigration.

Bp. Joachim served as the ruling hierarch in Boston until 1930. In 1930, Bp. Joachim was called back to Volos, Greece where he served as Metropolitan of Demetrias. The bishop's seat at Boston remained vacant until the appointment of Bp. Athenagoras (Kavadas) in 1938.

During the German occupation of Greece in World War II, Metr. Joachim led an effort by residents of the villages of Mount Pelion to hide people from the Nazi authorities. When he was asked for information about Jews he firmly refused their requests for lists of Jewish residents, answering them, "I am a Jew". For saving the lives of some 700 people, he was recognized posthumously, in 1998, by the State of Israel with an inscription in the Holocaust Museum in Washington, D.C. and on the Righteous Honor Wall at Yad Vashem [http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/righteous/pdf/virtial_wall/greece.pdf] in Jerusalem.

==Reference==
<references/>

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=—|
title=Bishop of Boston|
years=1923-1930|
after=[[Athenagoras (Kavadas) of Thyateira and Great Britain|Athenagoras (Kavadas)]]}}

{{succession|
before=Germanos (Mavrommatis)|
title= [[Metropolis of Demetrias and Almyros|Metropolitan of Demetrias]]|
years=1935-1957|
after=Damaskenos (Hatzopoulos)}}

{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://www.saintsophiawashington.org/news.php?id=3833 God's Holy Wisdom in Washington, D.C.]
*[http://www.bostoncathedral.org/pdfs%20&%20docs/The%20Historic%20Boston%20Greek%20Cathedral%20--%20Reliving%20100%20Years.htm Reliving 100 Years]
*[http://www.boston.goarch.org/about_us/past_bishops.html Past Bishops]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Boston]]

Metropolis of Demetrias and Almyros

2013-04-25T00:03:12Z

Angellight 888: add ruling hierarchs;

The '''Metropolis of Demetrias and Almyros''' is under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Greece]]. The metropolis is located in Thessaly.

The metropolis is divided into eight prelatic areas. There are 178 [[priest]]s and 9 [[deacon]]s in service. Twenty three of the priests are [[monk]]s and 155 priests are married, 3 deacons are monks and 6 are married. Most of the priests have a degree of Theology or the High Ecclesiastical school, the remaining 29 have completed high school and very few are graduates from primary school alone. There are also 3 preachers who do not serve in a [[parish]] and there are 12 priests who are pensioners/retired.

==Metropolitan==
The current [[metropolitan]] of the Diocese of Demetrias is His Eminence [[Ignatius (Georgakopoulos) of Demetrias|Ignatios (Georgakopoulos)]]. Since 1988 he has managed the radio-station "[[Church of Piraeus 91.2 FM Greek Christian Radio|Church of Piraeus 91.2 FM]]" and since 1992 has been hosting the "Arhontariki" for the ET-1 channel every Sunday morning.

==Past ruling Hierarchs==
* [[Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens|Christodoulos (Paraskevaides)]] 1974-1998
* Elias (Tsakogiannis) 1968-1974
* Damaskenos (Hatzopoulos) 1957-1968
* [[Joachim (Alexopoulos) of Demetrias|Ioakeim (Alexopoulos)]] 1935-1957
* Germanos (Mavrommatis) 1907-1935 - <small>(in 1935 he joined two other bishops in forming the [[Old Calendarists|Old Calendarist]] movement)</small>
* Gregorios V (Fourtouniadis) 1870-1907 - <small>(nephew of Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory VI (Fourtouniadis) of Constantinople)</small>

==Prelatic areas==
#Prelatic Area of Aghia
#Prelatic Area of Aghialos
#Prelatic Area of Almiros
#Prelatic Area of Argalasti
#Prelatic Area of Velestino
#Prelatic Area of Zagora
#Prelatic Area of Kanalia
#Prelatic Area of Kissos
#Prelatic Area of Lafkos
#Prelatic Area of Milies
#Prelatic Area of Sourpi
#Prelatic Area of Pteleos

==Monasteries==
Near Volos there are four monasteries for women.
#The Holy Monastery of St. Gerasimos at the village of Makrinitsa
#The Holy Monastery of the Archangels at the village of St. George of Nileia - [http://www.imd.gr/main/content/view/467/29/lang,en/ Information and pictures] (in Greek)
#The Holy Monastery of Panagia at St. [[Vlasios]]
#The Holy Monastery of St. Lawrence at the village of St. Lawrence.
East of Mt Pelion there are two monasteries for women.
#The Holy Monastery of the Precious Forerunner at the village of Syki.
#The Holy Monastery of St. Spyridon at the village of Promyrion.
Convents.
#Holy Monastery of St. Xenia ('Ανω Ξενιάς) - [http://www.imd.gr/main/content/view/466/29/lang,en/ Information and pictures] (in Greek)
#Holy Monastery of the Taxiarches, Pilio


==External link==
*[http://www.imd.gr/ Official Website] (Greek)

[[Category:Dioceses|Demetrias and Almyros]]
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Demetrias and Almyros]]

Christodoulos (Paraskevaides) of Athens

2013-04-24T23:14:55Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

[[Image:ArchOfAthens.jpg|frame|right|His Beatitude Christodoulos of Athens]]__NOTOC__His Beatitude '''Christodoulos (Paraskevaides), Archbishop of Athens and All Greece''' (1939-2008) was the [[primate]] of the [[Church of Greece]] from 1998 until his death in 2008.

==Life==
Christodoulos was born at Xanthi in 1939. In 1962 he graduated from the School of Law and in 1967 from the School of Theology. In 1961 he was [[ordination|ordained]] [[deacon]], and [[priest]] in 1965. He served as a preacher and senior spiritual father at the Church of Assumption of the Virgin Mary at Palaio Phalero for nine years, and, for seven years he served as a Secretary of the [[Holy Synod]]. He took part in many religious missions abroad. He earned a Doctorate of Theology, as well as degrees in French and English, and he also spoke Italian and German. He was the author of many scientific and constructive books. He had written articles in religious press and in dailies.

He was elected [[Metropolitan]] of Demetrias in 1974 and [[Archbishop]] of Athens and all [[Church of Greece|Greece]] in 1998.

:"Christodoulos has often stirred controversy with politically tinged statements. He was instrumental in attempts to improve ties with the [[Roman Catholic|Catholic Church]]; in 2001, Christodoulos received in Athens [[Pope]] [[John Paul II]]—the first pope to visit Greece in nearly 1,300 years—ignoring loud protests from Orthodox believers. In 2006, he made a historic visit to the Vatican, where he and Pope [[Benedict XVI]] signed a joint declaration calling for inter-religious dialogue and restating opposition to [[abortion]] and [[euthanasia]]. In Greece, politicians accused the archbishop of meddling in their affairs, and were angered by his vocal criticism of everything from [[homosexuality]] and [[w:Globalization|globalization]] to Turkey's efforts to join the European Union and government efforts to tone down nationalism in school history books." {{ref|1}}

He was a charismatic leader who engaged the youth of the country and who was also credited with reinvigorating the vast institution of the church in Greece during his tenure.

==Death and Burial==
In June 2007, after undergoing intestinal surgery in Athens the Archbishop was diagnosed with liver and colon cancer. He then waited fifty days in Miami, Florida for a compatible liver to become available. However, the transplant was halted in October 2007 after tumors were found in the archbishop's abdominal cavity. He died from the spread of cancer on [[January 28]], 2008.

A four-day period of mourning was announced by the government of Greece following his death which included funeral plans befitting a head of state. His funeral was held on [[January 31]], 2008. It was presided over by the Ecumenical Patriarch [[Bartholomew I (Archontonis) of Constantinople|Bartholomew I]], Patriarch [[Theophilus III (Giannopoulos) of Jerusalem|Theophilos III of Jerusalem]], Patriarch [[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Theodore II of Alexandria]], Patriarch [[Daniel (Ciobotea) of Romania|Daniel of Romania]], and was also attended by the Archbishop of Cyprus [[Chrysostomos II (Demetriou) of Nea Justiniana|Chrysostomos II]] and the Archbishop of America [[Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America|Demetrios]]. The election of his successor was carried out by the Synod of the Metropolitans of the [[Church of Greece]] on [[February 7]], 2008.

Despite the criticism, Archbishop Christodoulos proved to be one of the most popular archbishops in Greek history, having a particular rapport with young people.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=Elias (Tsakogiannis)|
title=[[Metropolis of Demetrias and Almyros|Metropolitan of Demetrias]]|
years=1974-1998|
after=[[Ignatius (Georgakopoulos) of Demetrias|Ignatios (Georgakopoulos)]]
}}

{{succession|
before=[[Seraphim (Tikas) of Athens|Seraphim (Tikas)]]|
title=[[List of Archbishops of Athens|Archbishop of Athens]]|
years=1998-2008|
after=[[Ieronymos (Liapis) of Athens|Ieronymos (Liapis)]]
}}

{{end box}}

==Source==
*Archive of [http://web.archive.org/web/20070804185540/http://www.ecclesia.gr/english/archbishop/index.html Official biography]

==Reference==
*{{note|1}} [http://www.orthodoxnews.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=WorldNews.one&content_id=16478&CFID=82931385&CFTOKEN=41994833 Greek Church Leader's Transplant Stopped] by Rasha Madkour, Associated Press. October 8, 2007.

==External links==
*[[Wikipedia:Archbishop Christodoulos of Athens]]
* George Gilson. [http://www.athensnews.gr/athweb/nathens.prnt_article?e=C&f=13271&t=01&m=A12&aa=1 Christodoulos shook Greek Church, State]. ATHENS NEWS , 25/01/2008, page: A12. ''(Career profile).''
*[http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/greece/current.htm#christodoulos_archbishop Listing] at the Orthodox Research Institute

*[http://evdomada.net/2008/01/28/archibishop-christodoulos-greece-deeply-moved/ Archibishop Christodoulos: Greece Deeply Moved]. ''Evdomada Einai … Kai Kylaei''. January 28, 2008.
*BBC News. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7212502.stm Greek Orthodox church head dies]. January 28, 2008.
*CNN.com [http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/europe/01/28/obit.christodoulos/index.html?iref=newssearch Archbishop of Greek Orthodox Church dies]. January 28, 2008.

===Speeches===
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/english/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=641&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches Islam: the extent of the problematics]." 12 May 2007. Transl. Dr Nikolaos C. Petropoulos.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=504&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches The Course of the EU and the Attitude of the Church]." 27 February 2006. Transl. Dr Nikolaos C. Petropoulos.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=500&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches The Apostle Paul between Athens and Jerusalem]." 10 June 2004.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=494&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches Futurum]." 1 June 2003.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=496&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches Orthodox Theology and Ecumenical dialogue]." 1 June 2003.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=491&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches Address of H.B. Christodoulos, the Archbishop of Athens and all Greece, to the Members of the Presidium of the Conference of European Churches]." 3 March 2003.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=492&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches The Presence of the Church on the Horizon of Europe]." 1 January 2003.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=488&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches On the Events of September 11, 2001]." 11 September 2001.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=505&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches TRANSPLANTS AND MAN: The view of the Church]." 8 November 1999. Transl. Dr Nikolaos C. Petropoulos.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=482&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches On Globalization]." 1 August 1999.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=484&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches In honor and memory of General George Marshall]." 1 January 1999.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=485&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches The Word and Role of Orthodoxy in the European Union]." 1 January 1999.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=486&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches The Society of People in the Time of Post-Neoterism, of Holisticity and of Globalizaton]." 1 January 1999.
*"[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/archbishop/speeches.asp?cat_id=&id=483&what_main=3&what_sub=12&lang=en&archbishop_heading=Addresses/Speeches Jesus Christ in the Theology of Saint Gregory of Nyssa]." 1 September 1998.

===Books===
* Christodoulos Paraskevaides. ''Converted Hellenism: The transition from Αntiquity to Christianity''. Media Ecclesiastica, Athens, 2005.
* Christodoulos Paraskevaides. ''The European Psyche''. Solidarity, Athens 2005. ([http://www.europeanspirit.gr/biblioteca/christodoulos_europa.html Excerpts]).

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Demetrias]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens]]

Christodoulos Latrinos of Patmos

2013-04-24T23:00:48Z

Angellight 888: add reference; category; image;

[[File:Christodoulos of Patmos.jpg|right|thumb|Venerable Christodoulos of Patmos.]]
Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Christodoulos Latrinos of Patmos''' and Wonderworker. He is remembered for the establishment of the [[Monastery of St. John the Theologian (Patmos, Greece)|Monastery of St. John the Theologian]] on Patmos and the re-settlement of the island after the Saracens had de-populated it. He is commemorated on [[March 16]].<ref>Great [[Synaxarion|Synaxaristes]]: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2953/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ὅσιος Χριστόδουλος ὁ ἐν Πάτμῳ].'' 16 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>

==Life==
John, the son of peasants Theodore and Anna, was born in [[Nicea]] of Bithynia in Asia Minor in the eleventh century. John was a self-taught man who developed a love for books. As a young man, he followed an [[asceticism|ascetic]] life, living as a [[hermit]] on Mount Olympus of Asia Minor as well as in the Palestinian desert before he assumed the [[monasticism|monastic]] habit and received the name Christodoulos ("slave of Christ" in Greek). He then served as [[abbot]] of the Monastery of Mount Lamos in Caris in western Asia Minor. After the incursion of the Saracens in 1085, abbot Christodoulos and the monks of the monastery fled to the island of Kos in the southeastern Aegean Sea.

On Kos, Abbot Christodoulos established a [[monastery]] dedicated to the [[Theotokos|Mother of God]]. Also on Kos, Christodoulos met an ascetic, Arsenius Skinouris, the son and heir of a wealthy landowner of Kos, who became the abbot's spiritual son. Together, they dreamt of reestablishing monastic life on the nearby island of Patmos that had been de-populated following attacks by Saracens forces. During the following several years, Abbot Christodoulos also established a monastery on the island of Leros, dedicated to St. John the Theologian.

In 1088, Father Christodoulos presented himself, with Arsenius, at the court of emperor Alexius I Comnenos in Constantinople and presented his plan to repopulate the island of Patmos with monastics. The emperor agreed with his request. Fr. Christodoulos was granted sovereignty over the island of Patmos in exchange for the holdings on Kos that were tied to the inheritance of Arsenius. In August 1088, Fr. Christodoulos took possession of the "deserted and uninhabited island" of Patmos.

When he returned from Constantinople, he brought masons and other craftsmen and began the construction, in 1091, of the monastery dedicated to St. [[Apostle John|John the Theologian]]. The new monastery was built over the ruins of the [[Basilica]] of St. John of the fourth century and of an earlier temple to the pagan goddess Diana and included a defensive structure that he called the "the Fortress". The structure of his monastery remains in use to today.

In 1093, however, raids on the island by Emir Dzaha forced Fr. Christodoulos and the [[monk]]s to flee to the island of Euboia where Fr. Christodoulos died on March 16, 1093. The monks did return to Patmos a few years later, having regained the monastery, and brought with them his incorrupt [[relics]].

==References==
<div><references/></div>

==Sources==
* [http://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2011/03/saint-christodoulos-latrinos.html Saint Christodoulos Latrinos, the Wonderworker of Patmos]
* [http://home.iprimus.com.au/xenos/christodoulos.html St Christodoulos, Wonderworker of Patmos]
* [http://kindredspiritualities.blogspot.com/2011/03/saint-christodoulos-latrinos.html Saint Christodoulos Latrinos, The Wonderworker Of Patmos]

==External link==
*[http://www.johnsanidopoulos.com/2012/03/autobiography-of-st-christodoulos-of.html Autobiography of St. Christodoulos of Patmos]

[[Category: Saints]]
[[Category: 11th-century saints]]
[[Category:Byzantine Saints]]
[[Category: Greek Saints]]
[[Category: Wonderworkers]]

Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Vresthena

2013-04-24T22:39:30Z

Angellight 888: cat.;

His Eminence '''Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala''' was the [[metropolitan]] of the [[Metropolis of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala]] under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Greece]]. The metropolis is located in Thessaly in central Greece. Metr. Theoklitos was metropolitan from 1999 to 2005.

==Life==
Theodore Koumarianos was born in 1953 in Volos, a port city in Thessaly, Greece. After graduating from the Higher Ecclesiastical School of Thessalonica, he continued his education at the Theological School of the University of Athens. Graduating from the Theological School, he entered the [[Holy Orders]]. As a priest, Father Theoklitos held a number of positions including Chancellor of the Metropolis of Demetrias, Director of the Ecclesiastical Boarding School of Volos, and spokesman for the [[Holy Synod]] of the Church of Greece.

In 1999, Fr. Theoklitos was elected on [[October 14]] to the [[episcopate]] by the Synod of Bishops of the Church of Greece and was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] the metropolitan of the Metropolis of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-134320884/kyrillos-christakis-elected-new.html]. Following investigations of wrong doing that implicated [[clergy]] in the area of Athens, Metr. submitted his resignation as metropolitan of Thessaliotis on [[March 1]], 2005.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=[[Kleopas II of Thessaliotis|Kleopas II]]|
title=Metropolitan of Thessaliotis|
years=1999 - 2005|
after=[[Kyrillos II (Christakis) of Thessaliotis|Kyrillos II (Chrystakis)]]
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Vresthena (titular)|
years=2006 - Present|
after=—
}}

{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://www.imthf.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9:2010-10-27-10-20-42&catid=11:2010-10-27-10-13-32&Itemid=16 Theoklitos (Koumarianos)] In Greek

==External link==
*[http://www.hri.org/news/greek/eraen/2005/05-03-01_1.eraen.html#01 Key Witness for Corrupt Justices Case Revelations in Theoklitos' Testimony]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: 20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Thessaliotis]]
[[Category: Bishops of Vresthena]]
[[Category: University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America

2013-04-24T22:38:18Z

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[[Image:DemetriosOfAmerica.jpg|right|frame|His Eminence Archbishop Demetrios of America]]
His Eminence the Most Reverend [[Archbishop]] '''Demetrios (Trakatellis) of America''' is the current [[primate]] of the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] and Exarch of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. He is also the Chairman of the [[Episcopal Assembly of North and Central America]].

==Life==
He is the son of the late Georgia and Christos Trakatellis and was born in Thessaloniki, Greece, on [[February 1]], 1928.

Upon graduation from high school in 1946, he pursued continuous research in the field of Biblical Studies, enrolling at the University of Athens School of Theology. In 1950, he graduated from the University of Athens School of Theology with distinction.

The Archbishop was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]] in 1960 and a [[priest]] in 1964. Prior to coming to the United States in 1965, Demetrios spent time as a [[monk|monastic]]. He was elected [[titular bishop]] of Vresthena in 1967, as an [[auxiliary bishop]] to the Archbishop of Athens with the primary responsibility for the theological education of the [[clergy]].

From 1965 to 1971, on scholarship from Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Archbishop Demetrios studied [[New Testament]] and Christian Origins and was awarded a Ph.D. "with distinction," in 1972.

In 1968, he was elected [[Metropolitan]] of [[Metropolis of Attica|Attica]] and Megaridos, but refused the post for reasons related to the [[Canons of the Orthodox Church|canonical]] order of the Church and to the political conditions in Greece at that time.

Later in 1977, he earned a Th.D. in Theology from the University of Athens.

From 1983 to 1993, he served as the Distinguished Professor of Biblical Studies and Christian Origins at [[Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology (Brookline, Massachusetts)|Holy Cross Greek Orthodox School of Theology]] in Brookline, Massachusetts. Serving as a faculty member for more than a decade, Demetrios taught many of America's Orthodox clergy. He also taught at Harvard Divinity School as a Visiting Professor of New Testament during the academic years of 1984-85 and 1988-89.

After several years in the United States, he returned to Greece in 1993 to pursue full-time scholarly writing and research. At the same time, he assumed responsibilities at the Archdiocese of Athens. A prolific writer, he is the author of four major books: ''Authority and Passion'' (1987); ''The Transcendent God of Eugnostos'' (1991); ''Christ, the Pre-existing God'' (1992); and ''The Fathers Interpret'' (1996).

In November of 2002, the Archbishop was unanimously elected by the prestigious Academy of Athens as an abroad-residing member in the Discipline of Theology in the areas of [[Ethics]] and Political Sciences. He was officially inducted into the Academy on [[November 14]], 2003.

As [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America|Archbishop of America]] and [[Exarch]] of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], His Eminence was elected on [[February 19]], 2004, as a member of the [[Holy Synod]] of the Ecumenical Patriarchate. This election was part of a modification in the Synod to include six [[hierarch]]s from [[eparchy|eparchies]] of the Ecumenical Throne outside of Turkey. The Archbishop attended his first meeting of the Synod which met in Istanbul, Turkey, on [[March 9]]-[[March 11|11]], 2004.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Vresthena<br>(titular)|
years=1967-1999|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=[[Spyridon (Papageorge) of Chaldea|Spyridon (Papageorge)]]|
title=Archbishop of America<br>([[GOARCH|Greek]])|
years=1999-present|
after=—}}

{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/archbishop/demetrios/biography/ Biographical profile of His Eminence Archbishop Demetrios] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://goarch.org/news/goa.news422 Ecumenical Patriarchate Elects Metropolitan Demetrios of Vresthena (Greece) New Archbishop for America]

==External links==
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/archbishop/demetrios/ His Eminence Archbishop Demetrios] (GOARCH)
*[http://orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/resources/hierarchs/constantinople/goarch/current.htm Listing] at the Orthodox Research Institute

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Vresthena]]
[[Category:Modern Writers]]
[[Category:University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Category:Bishops of Vresthena

2013-04-24T22:34:23Z

Angellight 888: new cat.;

[[Category:Bishops by city|Vresthena]]

Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Thessaliotis

2013-04-24T22:07:29Z

Angellight 888: moved Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Thessaliotis to Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Vresthena: update;

#REDIRECT [[Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Vresthena]]

Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Vresthena

2013-04-24T22:07:29Z

Angellight 888: moved Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Thessaliotis to Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Vresthena: update;

His Eminence '''Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala''' was the [[metropolitan]] of the [[Metropolis of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala]] under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Greece]]. The metropolis is located in Thessaly in central Greece. Metr. Theoklitos was metropolitan from 1999 to 2005.

==Life==
Theodore Koumarianos was born in 1953 in Volos, a port city in Thessaly, Greece. After graduating from the Higher Ecclesiastical School of Thessalonica, he continued his education at the Theological School of the University of Athens. Graduating from the Theological School, he entered the [[Holy Orders]]. As a priest, Father Theoklitos held a number of positions including Chancellor of the Metropolis of Demetrias, Director of the Ecclesiastical Boarding School of Volos, and spokesman for the [[Holy Synod]] of the Church of Greece.

In 1999, Fr. Theoklitos was elected on [[October 14]] to the [[episcopate]] by the Synod of Bishops of the Church of Greece and was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] the metropolitan of the Metropolis of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-134320884/kyrillos-christakis-elected-new.html]. Following investigations of wrong doing that implicated [[clergy]] in the area of Athens, Metr. submitted his resignation as metropolitan of Thessaliotis on [[March 1]], 2005.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=[[Kleopas II of Thessaliotis|Kleopas II]]|
title=Metropolitan of Thessaliotis|
years=1999 - 2005|
after=[[Kyrillos II (Christakis) of Thessaliotis|Kyrillos II (Chrystakis)]]
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Vresthena (titular)|
years=2006 - Present|
after=—
}}

{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://www.imthf.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9:2010-10-27-10-20-42&catid=11:2010-10-27-10-13-32&Itemid=16 Theoklitos (Koumarianos)] In Greek

==External link==
*[http://www.hri.org/news/greek/eraen/2005/05-03-01_1.eraen.html#01 Key Witness for Corrupt Justices Case Revelations in Theoklitos' Testimony]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Thessaliotis]]
[[Category: 20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category: University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Vresthena

2013-04-24T22:06:58Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

His Eminence '''Theoklitos (Koumarianos) of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala''' was the [[metropolitan]] of the [[Metropolis of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala]] under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Greece]]. The metropolis is located in Thessaly in central Greece. Metr. Theoklitos was metropolitan from 1999 to 2005.

==Life==
Theodore Koumarianos was born in 1953 in Volos, a port city in Thessaly, Greece. After graduating from the Higher Ecclesiastical School of Thessalonica, he continued his education at the Theological School of the University of Athens. Graduating from the Theological School, he entered the [[Holy Orders]]. As a priest, Father Theoklitos held a number of positions including Chancellor of the Metropolis of Demetrias, Director of the Ecclesiastical Boarding School of Volos, and spokesman for the [[Holy Synod]] of the Church of Greece.

In 1999, Fr. Theoklitos was elected on [[October 14]] to the [[episcopate]] by the Synod of Bishops of the Church of Greece and was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] the metropolitan of the Metropolis of Thessaliotis and Fanariofersala[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-134320884/kyrillos-christakis-elected-new.html]. Following investigations of wrong doing that implicated [[clergy]] in the area of Athens, Metr. submitted his resignation as metropolitan of Thessaliotis on [[March 1]], 2005.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=[[Kleopas II of Thessaliotis|Kleopas II]]|
title=Metropolitan of Thessaliotis|
years=1999 - 2005|
after=[[Kyrillos II (Christakis) of Thessaliotis|Kyrillos II (Chrystakis)]]
}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Vresthena (titular)|
years=2006 - Present|
after=—
}}

{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://www.imthf.gr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9:2010-10-27-10-20-42&catid=11:2010-10-27-10-13-32&Itemid=16 Theoklitos (Koumarianos)] In Greek

==External link==
*[http://www.hri.org/news/greek/eraen/2005/05-03-01_1.eraen.html#01 Key Witness for Corrupt Justices Case Revelations in Theoklitos' Testimony]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Thessaliotis]]
[[Category: 20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category: University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria

2013-04-24T20:18:05Z

Angellight 888: link;

[[File:Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria.jpg|right|thumb|Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria]]
His Eminence '''Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria''' is the [[Metropolitan]] of the [[Metropolis of Kastoria]] under the administration of the [[Church of Greece]]. The Metropolis of Kastoria is a metropolis in the New Lands of Greece, under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]]. [http://www.patriarchate.org/patriarchate/jurisdiction/administration/dioceses/new-lands]. He has been the ruling hierarch of the [[metropolis]] since 1996.
{{stub}}
==Life==
John Papakostas was born in 1959 in the village of Agnantero in Karditsa prefecture in Thessaly, Greece. After completing his education in theology at the University of Athens, John entered the [[Holy Orders]]. In 1983, he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]] with the name Seraphim. In 1987, Dcn. Seraphim was ordained a [[priest]]. Following his ordination, Father Seraphim served in the Directorate of Youth in the Archdiocese of Athens, from 1990 as the head of Protocol followed as Secretary of the directorate.

In 1996, Father Seraphim was elected to the [[episcopate]]. He was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Metropolitan of Kastoria on [[October 5]], 1996.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=Gregorios III (Papoutsopoulos)|
title=[[Metropolis of Kastoria|Metropolitan of Kastoria]]|
years=1996 - Present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Kastorias/Kastorias.html Kastoria] In Greek
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Kastoria.html Holy Metropolis of Kastoria]
*[http://patriarchate.org/patriarchate/hierarchy-of-the-throne/metropolitans-new-lands/seraphim-of-kastoria Seraphim of Kastoria]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Kastoria]]
[[Category: 20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category: University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria

2013-04-24T20:17:04Z

Angellight 888: add image; update succession box;

[[File:Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria.jpg|right|thumb|Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria]]
His Eminence '''Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria''' is the [[Metropolitan]] of the [[Metropolis of Kastoria]] under the administration of the [[Church of Greece]]. The Metropolis of Kastoria is a metropolis in the New Lands of Greece, under the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]]. [http://www.patriarchate.org/patriarchate/jurisdiction/administration/dioceses/new-lands]. He has been the ruling hierarch of the [[metropolis]] since 1996.
{{stub}}
==Life==
John Papakostas was born in 1959 in the village of Agnantero in Karditsa prefecture in Thessaly, Greece. After completing his education in theology at the University of Athens, John entered the [[Holy Orders]]. In 1983, he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]] with the name Seraphim. In 1987, Dcn. Seraphim was ordained a [[priest]]. Following his ordination, Father Seraphim served in the Directorate of Youth in the Archdiocese of Athens, from 1990 as the head of Protocol followed as Secretary of the directorate.

In 1996, Father Seraphim was elected to the [[episcopate]]. He was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Metropolitan of Kastoria on [[October 5]], 1996.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=Gregorios III (Papoutsopoulos)|
title=Metropolitan of Kastoria|
years=1996 - Present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Kastorias/Kastorias.html Kastoria] In Greek
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Kastoria.html Holy Metropolis of Kastoria]
*[http://patriarchate.org/patriarchate/hierarchy-of-the-throne/metropolitans-new-lands/seraphim-of-kastoria Seraphim of Kastoria]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Kastoria]]
[[Category: 20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category: University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Sevastianos (Oikonomidis) of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-24T20:06:36Z

Angellight 888: add image;

[[File:Sevastianos (Oikonomidis).jpg|right|thumb|Sevastianos (Oikonomidis).]]
His Eminence '''Sevastianos (Oikonomidis) of Dryinoupolis''' was the Metropolitan of the [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]] and Exarch of Northern Epirus from 1967 to 1994. He centered his efforts on the situation of Orthodox Christians in the Northern Epirus area during the latter decades of Communist rule of Albania and thereafter.

==Life==
Sotirios Oikonomidis was born on [[June 20]], 1922 in Kalogriana, Karditsa in central Greece. He attended elementary and Farsala school in Kalogriana before studying at the Seminary of Corinth. After the [[seminary]] closed he continued his education at the high school of Karditsa from which he graduated in 1941. He continued his education at the School of Theology of the University of Athens, graduating in 1949. Following his graduation Sotirios performed his 28-month period of military service at the Military Theological Office.

Completing his military service in 1952, he became a member of the semi-monastic Orthodox [[Brotherhood of Theologians Zoe]] and then in 1960 as a member of the Theologian Circle [[Brotherhoods|''Soter'']] (Savior). Initially, he served as a secular preacher at the region of Messinia, before he became a [[monk]] in the Monastery of Asomaton Petraki in Athens. At his [[tonsure]] he was given the name of Sevastianos.

In August 1956, Sevastianos was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]] by [[Metropolitan]] Dionysios of Lemnos (later of Trikkis and Stages). In April 1957, he was appointed a preacher of the [[Metropolis of Ioannina]]. As a preacher at the Metropolis of Ioannina during the decade from 1957 to 1967, Fr. Sevastianos worked with Metropolitans Demetrios and [[Seraphim (Tikas) of Athens|Seraphim]] who was a former Archbishop of Athens. On [[June 26]], 1957, he was ordained a [[priest]] and raised to the dignity of [[archimandrite]] by Metr. Demetrios of Ioannina, He also taught at the Seminary of the Monastery of Vellas as well as at the Zosimaia Pedagogical School in Ioannina.

In June 1967, Archim. Sevastianos is elected metropolitan of the Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani, and Konitsa. As metropolitan of one of the smaller metropolises of Greece, he became widely known both in Greece and worldwide for his fighting spirit in claiming the rights of Northern Epirus’ Hellenism.

Metr. Sevastianos reposed in 1994.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=Christophoros (Chatzis)|
title=[[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa|Metropolitan of Dryinoupolis]]|
years=1967-1994|
after=[[Andrew (Trempelas) of Dryinoupolis|Andrew (Trempelas)]]}}
{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://www.sfeva.gr/E324D5E8.en.aspx Sevastianos – Metropolitan of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa, Very Honorable and Exarch of Northern Epirus]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: 20th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category: University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa

2013-04-24T19:59:52Z

Angellight 888: add subheadings;

[[File:SEAL.gif|right|thumb|Seal of the Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]].
The '''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa''' is one of the metropolises of the New Lands in Greece that is within the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] but de facto is administered for practical reasons as part of the [[Church of Greece]] under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The metropolis is located in Northern Epirus in northwestern Greece.

==History==
A Diocese of Dryinoupolis has existed since at least the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] at which [[Bishop]] Eutychius took part. The seat of the diocese initially was located in the city of Adrianoupolis.

The [[diocese]] was noted in a ''Notitiae'' of the eleventh century as the seventh ranking [[diocese]] of the [[Metropolis of Nikopolis and Preveza|Metropolis of Nikopolis]].

In 1318, the diocese was placed under the jurisdiction of the newly formed [[Metropolis of Ioannina]]. In the mid-fourteenth century the [[see]] was transferred to Gjirokaster with the title of Dryinoupolis and Gjirokaster.

The diocese continued to exist through the centuries until in 1832 when the Diocese of Dryinoupolis was merged with the Diocese of [[w:Himarë|Cheimarra]] and [[w:Delvinë|Delvinion]] to form one diocese titled ''Dryinoupolis and Torrents.'' Then, in 1835, the Diocese of Dryinoupolis and Delvine was raised to a Metropolis.<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Konstantinos Giakoumis, Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania), p2]</ref>

When, in September 1916, Italian troops entered [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]], their first actions were to close all Greek schools in the region and to expel [[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Vasileios (Papachristou)]] to Greece. Following the Greco-Turkish War, Northern Epirus was acquired by Albania in 1921, further preventing his return.

In November 1924, after the Asia Minor disaster, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], having spiritual jurisdiction over the Metropolises of the New Lands of Greece, issued decree number 4427/8-11-1924 by which new temporary Metropolises were formed in these regions, to accomodate Bishops from Asia Minor and Thrace who had become refugees; thus were formed the Metropolises of : a) Metsovo, b) [[Metropolis of Paramythia, Philiata, Geromerion, and Parga|Philiata]] and c) Dryinoupoleos and Pogonianis.

On March 10, 1936, by decree number 961/1070 of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, the former ''Metropolis Vella and Konitsa'' was annexed to the Metropolis Dryinoupoleos and Pogonianis, forming the newly merged ''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogonianis and Konitsa.''

==Metropolitans==
'''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogonianis and Konitsa'''
* [[Andrew (Trempelas) of Dryinoupolis|Andrew (Trempelas)]] 1995 - Present
* [[Sevastianos (Oikonomidis) of Dryinoupolis|Sevastianos (Oikonomidis)]] 1967 - 1994
* Christophoros (Chatzis) 1956-1967
* Demetrios (Efthimiou) 1940-1956
* Ioannis (Vasilikos):
:: Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogonianis and Konitsa 1936-1938
:: (Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa 1926-1936)

'''Metropolis Dryinoupoleos and Pogonianis'''
* [[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Basil (Papachristou)]] 1900 - 1916 (1936)
* ([[Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens|Spyridon (Vlachos)]]):
:: (Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa 1906-1916)

'''Diocese of Dryinoupolis'''
* Dositheos 1760 - 1799
* Metrophanes 17xx - 1760
* [[Sophianos of Dryinoupolis]] 16xx - 1711
* Eutychius c. 431

== Monasteries==
*Monastery of the Virgin Mary of Molyvdoskepasto at Konitsa[http://www.magazino.com/moni/e_index.html] For Men
*Monastery of Stomio (Panagia Stomiotissa) at Konitsa For Men

==Reference==
<references/>

==Sources==
* [http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Dryinoupolis.html Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]. Official Website of the Church of Greece.
* Dr. Konstantinos Giakoumis (UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK IN TIRANA). ''[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania)].'' Scribd.
* {{el icon}} ''[http://www.imdpk.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=94 ΣΥΝΤΟΜΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ].'' Ἱερᾶς Μητροπόλεως Δρυϊνουπόλεως, Πωγωνιανῆς καί Κονίτσης.
* {{el icon}} [http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Dryinoupoleos/Dryinoupoleos.html Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa].

==External links==
* [http://www.sfeva.gr/602AA7BF.en.aspx Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani & Konitsa]

[[Category:Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]

Joachim II of Constantinople

2013-04-24T18:48:51Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

His All-Holiness '''Joachim II''' was the Patriarch of Constantinople during two periods during the latter part of the nineteenth century: from 1860 to 1863 and from 1873 to 1878.

==Life==
Joachim II was born John Kokkades in Chios. The date of his birth is not known. Given the name Joachim when he became a [[monasticism|monastic]], Patr. Joachim pursued an interest in the educational and philanthropic institutions of the [[Church of Constantinople]] during his first period as [[patriarch]]. With the raise of national and cultural awareness in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century, Joachim II was confronted by the demands of the Bulgarian Orthodox community within the empire for ecclesiastical independence from the Church of Constantinople and use of [[Church Slavonic]] with Bulgarian clergy.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa|Bishop of Dryinoupolis]]|
years= 1827-1835|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Ioannina|Metropolitan of Ioannina]]|
years= 1835-1838<br>''(1st tenure)''|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Ioannina|
years= 1840-1845<br>''(2nd tenure)''|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=[[Meletius III of Constantinople|Meletius (Pangalos)]]|
title=Metropolitan of Kyzikos|
years= 1845-1860|
after=Jacob (Pangostas)}}

{{succession|
before= Cyril VII|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years= 1860-1863|
after=[[Sophronius IV of Alexandria|Sophronius III]]}}

{{succession|
before=[[Anthimus VI of Constantinople|Anthimus VI]]|
title=Patriarch of Constantinople|
years=1873-1878|
after=[[Joachim III of Constantinople|Joachim III]]}}
{{end box}}

==Source==
* [http://www.ec-patr.org/list/index.php?lang=en&id=306 Ec-patr:Joachim II]
* {{el icon}} ''[http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%AC%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%99%CF%89%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC_%CE%92%CE%84 Πατριάρχης Ιωακείμ Β΄].'' Greek Wikipedia.

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Patriarchs of Constantinople]]

Meletius III of Constantinople

2013-04-24T18:09:28Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

His Holiness '''Meletius III of Constantinople''' was the [[Patriarch]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] during the year of 1845, having served less than a year as patriarch.

==Life==
Meletius Pangalos was born in 1772 on Kea, an island in the Cyclades archipelago in the Aegean Sea. He was [[protosynkellos]] during the tenure of Patriarch Agathangelos of Constantinople. In August 1828, Meletius was elected [[metropolitan]] of Amaseia in northern Turkey, succeeding [[Metropolitan]] Neophytus who had resigned. In November 1830, after Metr. Makarius III resigned, Metr. Meletius was transferred to the [[Diocese]] of Thessalonica. Again in May 1841, Metr. Meletius was transferred, this time to the Diocese of Cyzicus after the election of its metropolitan as Ecumenical Patriarch Anthimus IV.

After the [[deposition]] of Patr. [[Germanus IV of Constantinople|Germanus IV]] in 1845, Metr. Meletius was elected to the patriarchal throne on [[April 18]]. During his term as patriarch, Meletius merged the bishopric of Lambi with the [[Archdiocese of Crete|Diocese of Crete]] and issued, in May 1845, a patriarchal [[sigillion]] forbidding the use of the facilities of the [[Theological School of Halki]] as a residence by prelates including former patriarchs. He also initiated changes for the head coverings worn by the Gregorian Armenian [[priest]]s.

However, his patriarchate was soon ended as on [[November 28]], 1845, Patr. Meletius reposed in Constantinople, after serving as patriarch for only seven months and 21 days. He was buried at the Church of Zoodochos Pigi.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=Neophytus|
title=Metropolitan of Amaseia|
years=1828-1830|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=Makarius III|
title=Metropolitan of Thessalonica|
years=1830-1841|
after=Ieronymos}}
{{succession|
before=Anthimus|
title=Metropolitan of Cyzicus|
years=1841-1845|
after=[[Joachim II of Constantinople|Joachim II (Kokkodis)]]}}
{{succession|
before=[[Germanus IV of Constantinople|Germanus IV]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=1845|
after=[[Anthimus VI of Constantinople|Anthimus VI]]}}
{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/forms/fLemmaBodyExtended.aspx?lemmaID=7975 Meletios III of Constantinople]
*[http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/forms/fLemma.aspx?lemmaId=7975 Summary: Meletios III of Constantinople]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Ameaseia]]
[[Category: Bishops of Thessalonica]]
[[Category: Bishops of Cyzicus]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Patriarchs of Constantinople]]

Joachim II of Constantinople

2013-04-24T18:08:11Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

His All-Holiness '''Joachim II''' was the Patriarch of Constantinople during two periods during the latter part of the nineteenth century: from 1860 to 1863 and from 1873 to 1878.

==Life==
Joachim II was born John Kokkades in Chios. The date of his birth is not known. Given the name Joachim when he became a [[monasticism|monastic]], Patr. Joachim pursued an interest in the educational and philanthropic institutions of the [[Church of Constantinople]] during his first period as [[patriarch]]. With the raise of national and cultural awareness in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century, Joachim II was confronted by the demands of the Bulgarian Orthodox community within the empire for ecclesiastical independence from the Church of Constantinople and use of [[Church Slavonic]] with Bulgarian clergy.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=[[Meletius III of Constantinople|Meletius (Pangalos)]]|
title=Metropolitan of Kyzikos|
years= 1845-1860|
after=Jacob (Pangostas)}}

{{succession|
before= Cyril VII|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years= 1860-1863|
after=[[Sophronius IV of Alexandria|Sophronius III]]}}

{{succession|
before=[[Anthimus VI of Constantinople|Anthimus VI]]|
title=Patriarch of Constantinople|
years=1873-1878|
after=[[Joachim III of Constantinople|Joachim III]]}}
{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://www.ec-patr.org/list/index.php?lang=en&id=306 Ec-patr:Joachim II]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Patriarchs of Constantinople]]

Metropolis of Kastoria

2013-04-24T17:44:52Z

Angellight 888: add hierarchs;

The '''Metropolis of Kastoria''' (Gr:Καστοριά), is one of the metropolises of the New Lands in Greece that are within the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] but de facto are administered for practical reasons as part of the [[Church of Greece]] under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople.

The [[diocese|metropolis]] is located in northern Greece in the periphery of West Macedonia.
{{stub}}
==Metropolitans==
* [[Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria|Seraphim (Papakostas)]] 1996 - Present
* Gregorios III (Papoutsopoulos) 1985-1996<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=18&Itemid=37 Γρηγόριος ο Γ’ (Παπουτσόπουλος)].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref>
* Gregorios II (Maistros) 1974-1985<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=17&Itemid=36 Γρηγόριος ο Β’ (Μαΐστρος)].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref>
* Dorotheos (Giannaropoulos) 1958-1973<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=16&Itemid=35 Δωρόθεος Γιανναρόπουλος].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref>
* Nikiphoros (Papasideris) 1936-1958<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=15&Itemid=34 Νικηφόρος Παπασιδέρης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref>
* Ioakeim (Leptidis) 1911-1931<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=14&Itemid=33 Ιωακείμ Λεπτίδης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref>
* Ioakeim (Vaxevanidis) 1908-1911<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=13&Itemid=32 Ιωακείμ Βαξεβανίδης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref>
* Germanos (Karavangelis) 1900-1908<ref>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.imkastorias.gr/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=12&Itemid=31 Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης].'' Ιερά Μητρόπολη Καστοριάς.</ref><ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/49281820/The-Macedonian-Struggle-1903-1912-by-Basil-K-Gounaris Basil K. Gounaris, ''The Macedonian Struggle 1903-1912'', p514]</ref>

==Monasteries==
*Monastery of Holy Melissotopou For Men
*Monastery of Holy Vassiliadis For Men
*Monastery of Panagia Mavriotissa For Men
*Monastery of St. George Eptahori For Men

*Monastery of Panagia Kleisouras For Women
*Monastery of St. Nicholas Tsirilovou For Women

==Reference==
<references/>

==Sources==
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Kastoria.html Holy Metropolis of Kastoria]
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Kastorias/Kastorias.html Kastoria] In Greek

[[Category:Dioceses|Kastoria]]
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Kastoria]]

Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens

2013-04-24T17:18:45Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

[[File:Spyridon (Vlachos).jpg|right|thumb|Spyridon (Vlachos).]]
Archbishop '''Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens''' was the Archbishop of Athens of the [[Church of Greece]] from 1949 to 1956.

==Life==
Spyridon Vlachos, Greek: Σπυρίδων Βλάχος, was born in Chili (Greek: Χήλη), in present-day northern Turkey during the latter part of the nineteenth century. After completing his secondary education he attended the [[Theological School of Halki]] in the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara. After his graduation he served as a senior preacher in Kavala in northern Greece, then part of the [[Ottoman empire]], where he gave moral and material support to the Greek struggle for Macedonia, particularly in Northern Epirus, during the Balkan Wars.

In 1906, he was elected Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa in Epirus in northwestern Greece. In 1916, Metr. Spyridon was elected Metropolitan of Ioannina, in a free northwestern Greece. In 1949, Metr. Spyridon was elected Archbishop of Athens and All Greece and in which position he worked to reorganize the [[Church]] after the chaos of the Second World War and Greek Civil War.

Abp. Spyridon reposed in 1956.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=[[Constantine VI of Constantinople|Constantine (Arampoglou)]]|
title=Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa|
years=1906-1916|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Ioannina|
years=1916-1949|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=[[Damaskinos (Papandreou) of Athens|Damaskinos (Papandreou)]]|
title=[[List of Archbishops of Athens|Archbishop of Athens]]|
years=1949-1956|
after=[[Dorotheus (Kottaras) of Athens|Dorotheus (Kottaras)]]}}
{{end box}}

==Source==
*[[Wikipedia: Spyridon_of_Athens]]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Vella]]
[[Category: Bishops of Ioannina]]
[[Category: Archbishops of Athens]]
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Theological School of Halki Graduates]]

Constantine VI of Constantinople

2013-04-24T17:15:42Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

His All-Holiness '''Constantine VI''' was the Patriarch of Constantinople from [[December 17]], 1924 until [[January 30]], 1925, for only 43 days, having been exiled by the Turkish government.

Patriarch Constantine was born in 1859, with the surname of Arapoglou, in the village of Sigi, Proussa (Bursa). He attended the [[Theological School of Halki]], graduating in 1885. After graduation he was [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]] and served under [[Metropolitan]] Nathanael of Proussa. In 1896, he was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Saranta Ekklisies in Eastern Thrace.

During the following decades, Bp. Constantine was appointed to a succession of [[see]]s: in 1899 as Metropolitan of Trabzon (Trapezounta); in 1913 as Metropolitan of Cyzicus; and, in 1922 as Metropolitan of Proussa. In view of the defeat of the Greek army in the Greco-Turkish War in Asia Minor in 1922, Metr. Constantine was not enthroned to the see of Proussa.

After the death of Patr. Gregory VII in 1924, Metr. Constantine became the [[locum tenens]], pending the election of a new [[patriarch]]. On [[December 17]], 1924, Metr. Constantine was elected Patriarch of Constantinople. Turkish republican government, however, objected to Metr. Constantine's election as patriarch on the basis that he was not eligible for the patriarchal throne because he was not a native of Constantinople, having been born in Asia Minor and had not come to Constantinople until after [[October 30]], 1918, as defined in Article 2 of the ''Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations'' signed at Lausanne on [[January 30]], 1923.

Within a month on [[January 30]], 1925, the Turkish republican government ordered him into exile from Turkey. His attempts to return to Constantinople were rebuffed by the government resulting in his submitting a resignation as patriarch on [[May 22]], 1925.

During the following years Patr. Constantine spent his time in Greece assisting the Greek refugees from Asia Minor to adjust to their new lives in Greece. Patr. Constantine reposed on [[November 28]], 1930.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Saranta Ekklisies|
years= 1896-1899|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa|
years=1899-1906|
after=[[Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens|Spyridon (Vlachos)]]}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Trabzon|
years=1906-1913|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metroplitan of Cyzicus|
years=1913-1922|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Proussa|
years=1922-1924|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=[[Gregory VII of Constantinople|Gregory VII]]|
title=[[List of Patriarchs of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]]|
years=1924-1925|
after=[[Basil III (Georgiadis) of Constantinople|Basil III]]}}

{{end box}}

==Sources==
*[http://wiki.phantis.com/index.php/Patriarch_Constantine_VI_of_Constantinople Phantis: Constantine VI of Constantinople]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_Constantine_VI_of_Constantinople Wikipedia: Patriarch Constantine VI of Constantinople]
*[http://www.orthodoxchristianity.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=40:ecumenical-patriarchate-under-the-turkish-republic&catid=14:articles&Itemid=2 Ecumenical Patriarchate Under the Turkish Republic]

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-20th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Patriarchs of Constantinople]]
[[Category: Theological School of Halki Graduates]]

Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens

2013-04-24T15:17:00Z

Angellight 888: add image;

[[File:Spyridon (Vlachos).jpg|right|thumb|Spyridon (Vlachos).]]
Archbishop '''Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens''' was the Archbishop of Athens of the [[Church of Greece]] from 1949 to 1956.

==Life==
Spyridon Vlachos, Greek: Σπυρίδων Βλάχος, was born in Chili (Greek: Χήλη), in present-day northern Turkey during the latter part of the nineteenth century. After completing his secondary education he attended the [[Theological School of Halki]] in the Princes' Islands in the Sea of Marmara. After his graduation he served as a senior preacher in Kavala in northern Greece, then part of the [[Ottoman empire]], where he gave moral and material support to the Greek struggle for Macedonia, particularly in Northern Epirus, during the Balkan Wars.

In 1906, he was elected Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa in Epirus in northwestern Greece. In 1916, Metr. Spyridon was elected Metropolitan of Ioannina, in a free northwestern Greece. In 1949, Metr. Spyridon was elected Archbishop of Athens and All Greece and in which position he worked to reorganize the [[Church]] after the chaos of the Second World War and Greek Civil War.

Abp. Spyridon reposed in 1956.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa|
years=1906-1916|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Ioannina|
years=1916-1949|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=[[Damaskinos (Papandreou) of Athens|Damaskinos (Papandreou)]]|
title=[[List of Archbishops of Athens|Archbishop of Athens]]|
years=1949-1956|
after=[[Dorotheus (Kottaras) of Athens|Dorotheus (Kottaras)]]}}
{{end box}}

==Source==
*[[Wikipedia: Spyridon_of_Athens]]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Vella]]
[[Category: Bishops of Ioannina]]
[[Category: Archbishops of Athens]]
[[Category:20th-century bishops]]
[[Category: Theological School of Halki Graduates]]

Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-24T15:08:09Z

Angellight 888: update succession box;

[[File:Vasileios (Papachristou).jpg|right|thumb|Basil (Papachristou).]]
His Eminence '''Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis''', also '''Vasileios of Dryinoupolis''', was the Metropolitan of the [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa|Metropolis of Dryinoupolis]] in Northern Epirus during the time of the collapse of the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire]] and the establishment of successor nations in the polyglot Balkans at the beginning of the twentieth century.

==Life==
Vasileios Papachristou (Greek: Βασίλειος Παπαχρήστου) was born in 1858 in Labove e Kryqit[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labova_e_Kryqit] in the District of Gjirokastre, now part of present day Albania. When he entered the [[Holy Orders]] he was given the name Basil (Vasileios). He became [[bishop]] of Dryinoupolis at the turn of the century as the status of the area of northern Epirus was contended for between the Greeks and Albanians amid European imperial maneuvering during the first decade of the twentieth century.

Members of the Greek minority in Albania, Metr. Basil and the Greek population of Epirus were unhappy with the sale of northern Epirus to the principality of Albania under the December 1913 Protocol of Florence. As the Greek government in Athens was reluctant to upset the negotiations among the European powers, the resolute Greek Epirote decide to declare independence.

On [[February 17]], 1914, Metr. Basil became one of the signers of the declaration of independence of the [[w:Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus|Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]] in Argyrokastro (Gjirokastre). Soon after, he became Minister of Justice and Religion in the provisional government headed by Georgios Christakis-Zographos.

After successfully taking control of Northern Epirus in October 1914, the Greeks were driven from the territory in September 1916 by Italian and French forces that then closed all the Greek schools. As the Italian administration considered Metr. Basil an agent of Greece, he was expelled. His protests to the Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos for help were in vain. Then, after World War I, the protocol of 1913 was confirmed and Northern Epirus was awarded to Albania in 1921. Metr. Basil was then exiled from his home territory.

Metr. Basil reposed in 1936 in Greece.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=Constantine (Mikroulis)|
title=[[Metropolis of Paramythia, Philiata, Geromerion, and Parga|Metropolitan of Paramythia]]|
years=1897 - 1900|
after=Kallinicos (Palaiokrassas)}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=[[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa|Metropolitan of Dryinoupolis]]|
years=1900 - 1916 (1936)|
after=Ioannis (Vasilikos)}}

{{end box}}

==Source==
* {{fr icon}} [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasileios_de_Dryinoupolis Vasileios de Dryinoupolis]. French Wikipedia.

==External link==
* [http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/vasileios-of-dryinoupolis/ Vasileios of Dryinoupolis].
* {{el icon}} [http://www.imdpk.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=52&Itemid=96 ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ ΠΑΠΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΥ]. Ἱερᾶς Μητροπόλεως Δρυϊνουπόλεως, Πωγωνιανῆς καί Κονίτσης.

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category: 19th-20th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Theological School of Halki Graduates]]

Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-24T15:01:47Z

Angellight 888: add image;

[[File:Vasileios (Papachristou).jpg|right|thumb|Basil (Papachristou).]]
His Eminence '''Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis''', also '''Vasileios of Dryinoupolis''', was the Metropolitan of the [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa|Metropolis of Dryinoupolis]] in Northern Epirus during the time of the collapse of the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire]] and the establishment of successor nations in the polyglot Balkans at the beginning of the twentieth century.

==Life==
Vasileios Papachristou (Greek: Βασίλειος Παπαχρήστου) was born in 1858 in Labove e Kryqit[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labova_e_Kryqit] in the District of Gjirokastre, now part of present day Albania. When he entered the [[Holy Orders]] he was given the name Basil (Vasileios). He became [[bishop]] of Dryinoupolis at the turn of the century as the status of the area of northern Epirus was contended for between the Greeks and Albanians amid European imperial maneuvering during the first decade of the twentieth century.

Members of the Greek minority in Albania, Metr. Basil and the Greek population of Epirus were unhappy with the sale of northern Epirus to the principality of Albania under the December 1913 Protocol of Florence. As the Greek government in Athens was reluctant to upset the negotiations among the European powers, the resolute Greek Epirote decide to declare independence.

On [[February 17]], 1914, Metr. Basil became one of the signers of the declaration of independence of the [[w:Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus|Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]] in Argyrokastro (Gjirokastre). Soon after, he became Minister of Justice and Religion in the provisional government headed by Georgios Christakis-Zographos.

After successfully taking control of Northern Epirus in October 1914, the Greeks were driven from the territory in September 1916 by Italian and French forces that then closed all the Greek schools. As the Italian administration considered Metr. Basil an agent of Greece, he was expelled. His protests to the Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos for help were in vain. Then, after World War I, the protocol of 1913 was confirmed and Northern Epirus was awarded to Albania in 1921. Metr. Basil was then exiled from his home territory.

Metr. Basil reposed in 1936 in Greece.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Paramythia|
years=1897 - 1900|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Dryinoupolis|
years=1900 - 1916 (1936)|
after=?}}

{{end box}}

==Source==
* {{fr icon}} [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasileios_de_Dryinoupolis Vasileios de Dryinoupolis]. French Wikipedia.

==External link==
* [http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/vasileios-of-dryinoupolis/ Vasileios of Dryinoupolis].
* {{el icon}} [http://www.imdpk.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=52&Itemid=96 ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ ΠΑΠΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΥ]. Ἱερᾶς Μητροπόλεως Δρυϊνουπόλεως, Πωγωνιανῆς καί Κονίτσης.

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category: 19th-20th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Theological School of Halki Graduates]]

Sophianos of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-24T02:30:21Z

Angellight 888: add image;

His Grace Bishop '''Sophianos of Dryinoupolis''' (16xx - 1711) was a signigicant religious figure and Orthodox [[missionary]] in Ottoman Epirus, around the turn of the 18th century.

==Life==
[[File:Sophianos of Dryinoupolis.jpg|right|thumb|Icon of Sophianos of Dryinoupolis.]]
He was probably born in the village of Polytsiani, in the [[w:Pogon, Albania|Pogon]] region of [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]].

At the time he became bishop of [[w:Dropull|Dryinoupolis]] (modern southwest Albania)<ref group="note">From the Roman period there was a fortified settlement named ''Hadrianoupolis'' in the region, named after the Roman emperor Hadrian. During the 6th century the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, as part of his fortification plans against barbarian invasions, moved the settlement 4 kilometers southeast in the modern village of Peshkëpi, in order to gain a more secure position. The city is also referred in Byzantine sources as ''Ioustinianoupolis.'' During the 11th century the city was named ''[[w:Dropull|Dryinoupolis]]'', a name possibly deriving from its former name or from the nearby river. It was also, from the 5th century, the see of a bishopric (initially part of the Diocese of Nicopolis, Naupactus and then Ioannina).</ref> the religious composition of the region was changing due to massive conversions to [[Islam]].<ref>Tom Winnifrith. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=dkRoAAAAMAAJ&q=inauthor:%22Tom+Winnifrith%22&dq=inauthor:%22Tom+Winnifrith%22&hl=el&sa=X&ei=i_l2UZ2AE6vL0gH6tYDIAQ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ Badlands, Borderlands: A History of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania].'' Gerald Duckworth, Limited, 2002. ISBN 9780715632017</ref>

In 1672 he founded a Greek school in the local monastery of Saint Athanasios.<ref>M. V. Sakellariou. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?hl=el&id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&q=sophianos&pgis=1&redir_esc=y#search_anchor Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization].'' Ekdotikē Athēnōn, 1997. ISBN 9789602133712</ref> In recognition of the danger that the Christian religion was shrinking, Sophianos resigned his bishopric and became a wandering [[missionary]], preaching from village to village.

Sophianos' last days were spent in the monastery of Saint Athanasios in his hometown Polytsiani (Polican, [[w:Pogon, Albania|Pogon]]) where he taught religion and letters to the village children. Although uncanonized, he is considered a [[saint]] in his village.<ref>Pyrrus Ruches. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=2k9pAAAAMAAJ&q=Pyrrhus+Ruches&dq=Pyrrhus+Ruches&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m_p2UdSKJpC00AG68oGwCg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA Albania's Captives].'' Argonaut, Chicago 1965. p.33.</ref>

Because of his pious character he was respected and honored by both Christians and Muslims. Sophianos is considered the predecessor of [[Cosmas of Aetolia]] in the region.

Bishop Sophianos died on [[November 26]], 1711 AD.

==See also==
* [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]]

==Notes==
<references group="note" />

==References==
<div><references/></div>

==External Links==
* {{el icon}} [http://www.saint.gr/3723/saint.aspx Άγιος Σοφιανός επίσκοπος Δρυϊνουπόλεως καί Αργυροκάστρου]. Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής. 26/11/2013.
* {{el icon}} [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0IQMBbPCY8 ΟΣΙΟΣ ΣΟΦΙΑΝΟΣ Ο ΣΗΜΕΙΟΦΟΡΟΣ (+26-11-1711)]. YouTube. Uploaded on Dec 8, 2010.

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:17th-18th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy and Islam]]

Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa

2013-04-24T01:12:26Z

Angellight 888: list of Bishops;

[[File:SEAL.gif|right|thumb|Seal of the Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]].
The '''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa''' is one of the metropolises of the New Lands in Greece that is within the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] but de facto is administered for practical reasons as part of the [[Church of Greece]] under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The metropolis is located in Northern Epirus in northwestern Greece.

==History==
A Diocese of Dryinoupolis has existed since at least the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] at which [[Bishop]] Eutychius took part. The seat of the diocese initially was located in the city of Adrianoupolis.

The [[diocese]] was noted in a ''Notitiae'' of the eleventh century as the seventh ranking [[diocese]] of the [[Metropolis of Nikopolis and Preveza|Metropolis of Nikopolis]].

In 1318, the diocese was placed under the jurisdiction of the newly formed [[Metropolis of Ioannina]]. In the mid-fourteenth century the [[see]] was transferred to Gjirokaster with the title of Dryinoupolis and Gjirokaster.

The diocese continued to exist through the centuries until in 1832 when the Diocese of Dryinoupolis was merged with the Diocese of [[w:Himarë|Cheimarra]] and [[w:Delvinë|Delvinion]] to form one diocese titled ''Dryinoupolis and Torrents.'' Then, in 1835, the Diocese of Dryinoupolis and Delvine was raised to a Metropolis.<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Konstantinos Giakoumis, Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania), p2]</ref>

When, in September 1916, Italian troops entered [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]], their first actions were to close all Greek schools in the region and to expel [[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Vasileios (Papachristou)]] to Greece. Following the Greco-Turkish War, Northern Epirus was acquired by Albania in 1921, further preventing his return.

In November 1924, after the Asia Minor disaster, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], having spiritual jurisdiction over the Metropolises of the New Lands of Greece, issued decree number 4427/8-11-1924 by which new temporary Metropolises were formed in these regions, to accomodate Bishops from Asia Minor and Thrace who had become refugees; thus were formed the Metropolises of : a) Metsovo, b) [[Metropolis of Paramythia, Philiata, Geromerion, and Parga|Philiata]] and c) Dryinoupoleos and Pogonianis.

On March 10, 1936, by decree number 961/1070 of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, the former ''Metropolis Vella and Konitsa'' was annexed to the Metropolis Dryinoupoleos and Pogonianis, forming the newly merged ''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogonianis and Konitsa.''

==Metropolitans==
* [[Andrew (Trempelas) of Dryinoupolis|Andrew (Trempelas)]] 1995 - Present
* [[Sevastianos (Oikonomidis) of Dryinoupolis|Sevastianos (Oikonomidis)]] 1967 - 1994
* Christophoros (Chatzis) 1956-1967
* Demetrios (Efthimiou) 1940-1956
* Ioannis (Vasilikos):
:: Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogonianis and Konitsa 1936-1938
:: Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa 1926-1936

* [[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Basil (Papachristou)]] 1900 - 1916 (1936)
* [[Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens|Spyridon (Vlachos)]]:
:: Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa 1906-1916

* Dositheos 1760 - 1799
* Metrophanes 17xx - 1760
* [[Sophianos of Dryinoupolis]] 16xx - 1711
* Eutychius c. 431

== Monasteries==
*Monastery of the Virgin Mary of Molyvdoskepasto at Konitsa[http://www.magazino.com/moni/e_index.html] For Men
*Monastery of Stomio (Panagia Stomiotissa) at Konitsa For Men

==Reference==
<references/>

==Sources==
* [http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Dryinoupolis.html Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]. Official Website of the Church of Greece.
* Dr. Konstantinos Giakoumis (UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK IN TIRANA). ''[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania)].'' Scribd.
* {{el icon}} ''[http://www.imdpk.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=94 ΣΥΝΤΟΜΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ].'' Ἱερᾶς Μητροπόλεως Δρυϊνουπόλεως, Πωγωνιανῆς καί Κονίτσης.
* {{el icon}} [http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Dryinoupoleos/Dryinoupoleos.html Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa].

==External links==
* [http://www.sfeva.gr/602AA7BF.en.aspx Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani & Konitsa]

[[Category:Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]

Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa

2013-04-24T01:05:22Z

Angellight 888: add info.;

[[File:SEAL.gif|right|thumb|Seal of the Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]].
The '''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa''' is one of the metropolises of the New Lands in Greece that is within the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] but de facto is administered for practical reasons as part of the [[Church of Greece]] under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The metropolis is located in Northern Epirus in northwestern Greece.

==History==
A Diocese of Dryinoupolis has existed since at least the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] at which [[Bishop]] Eutychius took part. The seat of the diocese initially was located in the city of Adrianoupolis.

The [[diocese]] was noted in a ''Notitiae'' of the eleventh century as the seventh ranking [[diocese]] of the [[Metropolis of Nikopolis and Preveza|Metropolis of Nikopolis]].

In 1318, the diocese was placed under the jurisdiction of the newly formed [[Metropolis of Ioannina]]. In the mid-fourteenth century the [[see]] was transferred to Gjirokaster with the title of Dryinoupolis and Gjirokaster.

The diocese continued to exist through the centuries until in 1832 when the Diocese of Dryinoupolis was merged with the Diocese of [[w:Himarë|Cheimarra]] and [[w:Delvinë|Delvinion]] to form one diocese titled ''Dryinoupolis and Torrents.'' Then, in 1835, the Diocese of Dryinoupolis and Delvine was raised to a Metropolis.<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Konstantinos Giakoumis, Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania), p2]</ref>

When, in September 1916, Italian troops entered [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]], their first actions were to close all Greek schools in the region and to expel [[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Vasileios (Papachristou)]] to Greece. Following the Greco-Turkish War, Northern Epirus was acquired by Albania in 1921, further preventing his return.

In November 1924, after the Asia Minor disaster, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], having spiritual jurisdiction over the Metropolises of the New Lands of Greece, issued decree number 4427/8-11-1924 by which new temporary Metropolises were formed in these regions, to accomodate Bishops from Asia Minor and Thrace who had become refugees; thus were formed the Metropolises of : a) Metsovo, b) [[Metropolis of Paramythia, Philiata, Geromerion, and Parga|Philiata]] and c) Dryinoupoleos and Pogonianis.

On March 10, 1936, by decree number 961/1070 of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece, the former ''Metropolis Vella and Konitsa'' was annexed to the Metropolis Dryinoupoleos and Pogonianis, forming the newly merged ''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogonianis and Konitsa.''

==Metropolitans==
* [[Andrew (Trempelas) of Dryinoupolis|Andrew (Trempelas)]] 1995 - Present
* [[Sevastianos (Oikonomidis) of Dryinoupolis|Sevastianos (Oikonomidis)]] 1967 - 1994
* Christophoros (Chatzis) 1956-1967
* Demetrios (Efthimiou) 1940-1956
* Ioannis (Vasilikos) 1926-1938

* [[Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens|Spyridon (Vlachos)]], Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa 1906-1916
* [[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Basil (Papachristou)]] c.1900 - 1916 (1936)

* Dositheos 1760 - 1799
* Metrophanes 17xx - 1760
* [[Sophianos of Dryinoupolis]] 16xx - 1711
* Eutychius c. 431

== Monasteries==
*Monastery of the Virgin Mary of Molyvdoskepasto at Konitsa[http://www.magazino.com/moni/e_index.html] For Men
*Monastery of Stomio (Panagia Stomiotissa) at Konitsa For Men

==Reference==
<references/>

==Sources==
* [http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Dryinoupolis.html Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]. Official Website of the Church of Greece.
* Dr. Konstantinos Giakoumis (UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK IN TIRANA). ''[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania)].'' Scribd.
* {{el icon}} ''[http://www.imdpk.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=94 ΣΥΝΤΟΜΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ].'' Ἱερᾶς Μητροπόλεως Δρυϊνουπόλεως, Πωγωνιανῆς καί Κονίτσης.
* {{el icon}} [http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Dryinoupoleos/Dryinoupoleos.html Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa].

==External links==
* [http://www.sfeva.gr/602AA7BF.en.aspx Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani & Konitsa]

[[Category:Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]

Double-headed eagle

2013-04-24T00:32:22Z

Angellight 888: add image;

[[Image:Modern Byzantine Sketch - Double Headed Eagle.jpg|right|thumb|Modern sketch of Double-headed eagle.]]
The '''double-headed eagle''' is the most recognizable symbol of Orthodoxy today (other than the cross) and was the official state symbol of the late [[Byzantine Empire]], symbolising the unity between the Byzantine Orthodox Church and State, which was governed by the principle of ''Symphonia'' or ''Synallelia'', that is, a "symphony" between the civil and the ecclesiastical functions of Christian society.

In addition, the heads of the eagle also represent the dual sovereignity of the Byzantine Emperor, with the left head representing Rome (the West) and the right head representing [[Constantinople]] (the East). The claws of the eagle hold a [[cross]] and an orb ''(this combination is on the official flag of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] today)'', or in some similar depictions with a sword and an orb.

== History ==
Emperor Isaacius Comnenus (11th century AD), the first ruling member of the Comnenus dynasty, was the first Emperor who adopted the two headed eagle as the symbol of the Empire.


== Palaiologos family ==
The yellow with a black crowned ''double-headed eagle'' flag, was the symbol of the Paleologues, the last Greek-speaking "Roman" (i.e. Byzantine) dynasty to rule from Constantinople. Emperor Michael VIII Paliologos recaptured Constantinople from the Crusaders in 1261, from a state based in Asia Minor; the double-headed eagle symbolized the dynasty's interests in both Asia and Europe, and was kept despite the fact that virtually all of the Asian possessions were gobbled up by the Ottomans within a generation of the recapture of the City. Michael's descendants stayed on the Byzantine throne until the City and the Empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453.

This flag had in the two centuries of Paleologan rule become identified not just with the dynasty but with the Empire itself and, more generally, with institutions and cultural ideas outside the Byzantine Empire that still remained centered on Constantinople.

== Orthodox provenance of the double-headed eagle ==

The following gallery shows heraldic usages of the double-headed eagle in the history of the [[Orthodox Church]], including:<br>
# its use beginning in the theocratic [[Byzantine Empire]]
# its use by Orthodox churches today, and
# modern secular usages by some Orthodox nations.

<gallery>
Image:Palaiologos-Dynasty-Eagle.jpg‎|The double-headed eagle, the most recognized emblem of the [[Byzantine Empire]], with the [[w:Monogram|dynastic cypher]] of the [[w:Palaiologos|Palaiologoi]] in the center.

Image:Paleologan Byzantine Standard 15th c.jpg|Flag of the Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologoi, early 15th c., with Emblem ''(Eagle)'' and Arms ''(4 Greek letter B's)'' shown. The acronym reads: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣΙΝ - "King of Kings ruling over Kings".

Image:Byzantine eagle.jpg|Byzantine Empire emblem. The double headed eagle as standing in the front entrance of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] of Constantinople.

Image:Oikoumenikon--Patriarcheion.JPG|Official Flag of both the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] of Constantinople and [[Mount Athos]], as well as of the Greek Orthodox Churches in the diaspora under the Patriarchate. Claws are holding a Cross and an Orb.

Image:Greece_logo.gif‎|Emblem of the [[Church of Greece]].

Image:Dikefalos Aetos.jpg|Emblem of the [[Church of Cyprus]].

Image:Australia Archdiocese logo.jpg|[[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]]

Image:Orhodox Ohrid Archbishopric Logo en.gif|Emblem of the [[Autonomous Archdiocese of Ohrid]]

File:SEAL.gif|Seal of the [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]].

Image:1684_Tomb.JPG|Double-headed eagle on a 1684 tomb at the [[Church of Panagia Ekatontapyliani - Hundred Doors (Paros)]], Greece.

Image:Hilandar dikefalo.jpg|On the outside wall of the Catholicon of the [[Chilandari Monastery (Athos)]]

Image:Russian imperial eagle-Transfiguration Cathedral, St Petersburg.jpg|Russian imperial eagle-Transfiguration Cathedral, St Petersburg.

Image:Coat of arms Russian Empire.png|Central element of the Great Coat of Arms of the [[w:Russian Empire|Russian Empire]] (1721-1917).

Image:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.JPG|Coat of Arms of the [[w:Russia|Russian Federation]].

Image:Coat of Arms of Serbia & Montenegro 1992-2003.JPG|Coat of Arms of [[w:Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Serbia & Montenegro]], 1992-2003.

Image:Coat of Arms of Serbia.JPG|Coat of Arms of [[w:Serbia|Serbia]]. The four Serbian C's stand for "Само Cлога Србина Cпашава" ''(Samo Sloga Srbina Spasava)'', that is, "Only Unity saves the Serbs."

Image:Flag of Montenegro.JPG|Flag of [[w:Flag of Montenegro|Montenegro]]. Adopted July, 2004.

File:Saints Peter and Paul of the Greeks (Naples, Italy)-Eagle.jpg|Insignia on the floorspace in the courtyard of the [[Church of Saints Peter and Paul of the Greeks (Naples, Italy)]].

</gallery>

== Emblem of Church of Constantinople and Mount Athos ==
The modern ''double-headed eagle'' flag for the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople]] and of [[Mount Athos]], features the eagle with a [[cross]] in the right claw symbolizing spiritual authority, and an orb in the left symbolizing secular authority. Above the eagle, is a crown, and the background colour of the flag is yellow or gold. (''see image above)''. This flag is often used also by the Greek Orthodox Churches in the diaspora under the Patriarchate as their official flag (such as in America, Canada, Australia, etc), and is not to be confused with the ''double-headed eagle'' used by the [[Church of Greece]]. Having said that, many monasteries and churches in Greece do currently fly this golden/yellow flag, for historical reasons.

== Emblem of Russian Empire and Modern Russia ==
The two major symbolic elements of Russian state and church symbols (the two-headed eagle and [[George the Trophy-bearer|St. George]] slaying the dragon) predate Peter the Great. The ''double-headed eagle'' was adopted by Ivan III after his marriage with the [[Byzantine]] princess ''Sophia Paleologo'', whose uncle Constantine was the last Byzantine Emperor. After the [[Fall of Constantinople]] to the Turks in 1453, Ivan III and his heirs considered Moscow to be the last stronghold of the Christian faith, and in effect, the last Roman Empire (hence the expression "[[Third Rome]]" for Moscow and - by extension - for the whole of Imperial Russia).

From 1497, on the double-headed eagle proclaimed a Russian sovereignty equal to that of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. The first remained evidence of the double-headed eagle officialised as an emblem of Russia is on the great prince's seal, stamped in 1497 on a Charter of share and allotment of independent princes' possessions. At the same time the image of gilded double-headed eagle on red background appeared on the walls of the Palace of Facets in the Kremlin.

== Diffusion from Byzantium to various usages ==
The two-headed Byzantine Eagle is currently the emblem on the Flags of the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarchate of Constantinople]] and of [[Mount Athos]], as well as those of Serbia, Albania and Montenegro. It has also become the Coat of Arms of modern States including Serbia, Russia, Albania, and most recently Montenegro.

The historic spread of its use occurred because the nations that officially adopted Orthodox Christianity - the religion of the Eastern Roman Empire (ΡΩΜΑΝΙΑ/Romania) - as their state religion, had the right to bear the byzantine eagle on their arms if they wanted to, with the corollary that the bearing of the byzantine eagle in gold was a priviledge that only belonged to the sovereign of Constantinople.<ref>Military Photos. [http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?t=112459 Byzantine Army and Navy Ranks.]</ref> ''(See for example, the image of the Imperial Palaeologan eagle, above).''

Therefore, the Serbian eagle is depicted in silver. Russia also had the eagle in silver but they changed it to gold ''(probably in the 15th century after the marriage of Ivan III, Grand Duke of Moscow with Sophia Palaeologina, the daughter of the last Byzantine Emperor & after the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans),'' to justify their claim as the "third Rome". Austria on the other hand, earned the right to bear the byzantine eagle, after the marriage of the first German Emperor Otto I in 972, with the niece of Byzantine Emperor Ioannis Tzimiskes, Theophano ''(and of course the Austrian Empire claimed to be the continuation of the Holy Roman Empire of the Germans)''. They adopted the byzantine eagle, in black though, as the "shadow of the Imperial Eagle".<ref>Military Photos. [http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?t=112459 Byzantine Army and Navy Ranks.]</ref>.

=== Use on coats of arms ===
The two-headed eagle appears on the '''coat of arms''' of the following countries<ref>Wikipedia. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_headed_eagle Double-headed eagle].</ref>:
* [[Byzantine Empire]] (historical)
* [[w:Albania|Albania]]
* [[w:Austria-Hungary|Austria-Hungary]] (historical)
* [[w:German Confederation|German Confederation]] (historical)
* [[w:Russian Empire|Russian Empire]] (historical)
* [[w:Russia|Russian Federation]]
* [[w:Serbia and Montenegro|Serbia and Montenegro]] (historical)
* [[w:Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Pre-WWII Yugoslavia]] (historical)
* [[w:Serbia|Serbia]]
* [[w:Montenegro|Montenegro]]

=== Flags with the Double-headed eagle ===
* Flag of the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]] of Constantinople.
* Flag of [[Mount Athos]].
* Flag of [[w:Flag of Serbia|Serbia]].
* Flag of [[w:Flag of Albania|Albania]].
* Flag of [[w:Flag of Montenegro|Montenegro]] ''(adopted July, 2004).''

==See also==
* [[Byzantine Commonwealth]]

==Notes==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

==Further reading==
* [http://www.alexanderbillinis.com/about/ Alexander Billinis]. ''[http://www.amazon.com/The-Eagle-Has-Two-Faces/dp/1456778706/ref=rec_dp_1 The Eagle Has Two Faces: Journeys Through Byzantine Europe].'' AuthorHouse Publishing, 2011. 160 pp. ISBN 9781456778705

== External links ==
* [[w:Double-headed eagle|Double-headed eagle on Wikipedia]].
* Animal Lover World. [http://www.animalloverworld.com/birds/Double-headed_eagle.html Birds Guide: Double-Headed Eagle].
* Military Photos. [http://www.militaryphotos.net/forums/showthread.php?t=112459 Byzantine Army and Navy Ranks.]
* International Encyclopedia of Uniform Insignia. [http://www.forum.uniforminsignia.net/viewtopic.php?t=2941&start=100&sid=227e665d7ea390c0e927e1d2c5c730f2 Uniform Insignia Forum: Greek Armed Forces History].
* Flags of the World. [http://www.hampshireflag.co.uk/world-flags/allflags/gr-ortho.html Greek Orthodox Church: Oecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople].
* Orthodox Church in America (OCA). [http://www.oca.org/OCworldindex.asp World Orthodox Churches]. (Emblems).

[[Category:Church Life]]

Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa

2013-04-24T00:30:32Z

Angellight 888: add history; add image; add links;

[[File:SEAL.gif|right|thumb|Seal of the Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]].
The '''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa''' is one of the metropolises of the New Lands in Greece that is within the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] but de facto is administered for practical reasons as part of the [[Church of Greece]] under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The metropolis is located in Northern Epirus in northwestern Greece.

==History==
A Diocese of Dryinoupolis has existed since at least the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] at which [[Bishop]] Eutychius took part. The seat of the diocese initially was located in the city of Adrianoupolis.

The [[diocese]] was noted in a ''Notitiae'' of the eleventh century as the seventh ranking [[diocese]] of the [[Metropolis of Nikopolis and Preveza|Metropolis of Nikopolis]].

In 1318, the diocese was placed under the jurisdiction of the newly formed [[Metropolis of Ioannina]]. In the mid-fourteenth century the [[see]] was transferred to Gjirokaster with the title of Dryinoupolis and Gjirokaster. The diocese continued to exist through the centuries until in 1832 when the Diocese of Dryinoupolis was merged with the Diocese of Cheimarras and Delvinou to form one diocese titled ''Dryinoupolis and Torrents''. Then, in 1835, the Diocese of Dryinoupolis and Delvine was raised to a Metropolis.<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Konstantinos Giakoumis, Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania), p2]</ref>

When, in September 1916, Italian troops entered Northern Epirus, their first actions were to close all Greek schools in the region and to expel [[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Vasileios (Papachristou)]] to Greece. Following the Greco-Turkish War, Northern Epirus was acquired by Albania in 1921, further preventing his return.

In November 1924, after the Asia Minor disaster, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]], having spiritual jurisdiction over the Metropolises of the New Lands of Greece, issued decree number 4427/8-11-1924 by which new temporary Metropolises were formed in these regions, to accomodate Bishops from Asia Minor and Thrace who had become refugees; thus were formed the Metropolises of : a) Metsovo, b) [[Metropolis of Paramythia, Philiata, Geromerion, and Parga|Philiata]] and c) Dryinoupoleos and Pogonianis.

==Metropolitans==
* [[Andrew (Trempelas) of Dryinoupolis|Andrew (Trempelas)]] 1995 - Present
* [[Sevastianos (Oikonomidis) of Dryinoupolis|Sevastianos (Oikonomidis)]] 1967 - 1994
* Christophoros (Chatzis) 1956-1967
* Demetrios (Efthimiou) 1940-1956
* Ioannis (Vasilikos) 1926-1938

* [[Spyridon (Vlachos) of Athens|Spyridon (Vlachos)]], Metropolitan of Vella and Konitsa 1906-1916
* [[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Basil (Papachristou)]] c.1900 - 1916 (1936)

* Dositheos 1760 - 1799
* Metrophanes 17xx - 1760
* [[Sophianos of Dryinoupolis]] 16xx - 1711
* Eutychius c. 431

== Monasteries==
*Monastery of the Virgin Mary of Molyvdoskepasto at Konitsa[http://www.magazino.com/moni/e_index.html] For Men
*Monastery of Stomio (Panagia Stomiotissa) at Konitsa For Men

==Reference==
<references/>

==Sources==
* [http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Dryinoupolis.html Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]. Official Website of the Church of Greece.
* Dr. Konstantinos Giakoumis (UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK IN TIRANA). ''[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania)].'' Scribd.
* {{el icon}} ''[http://www.imdpk.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=94 ΣΥΝΤΟΜΟ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ].'' Ἱερᾶς Μητροπόλεως Δρυϊνουπόλεως, Πωγωνιανῆς καί Κονίτσης.
* {{el icon}} [http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Dryinoupoleos/Dryinoupoleos.html Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa].

==External links==
* [http://www.sfeva.gr/602AA7BF.en.aspx Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani & Konitsa]

[[Category:Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]

Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-24T00:02:43Z

Angellight 888: links;

His Eminence '''Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis''', also '''Vasileios of Dryinoupolis''', was the Metropolitan of the [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa|Metropolis of Dryinoupolis]] in Northern Epirus during the time of the collapse of the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire]] and the establishment of successor nations in the polyglot Balkans at the beginning of the twentieth century.

==Life==
Vasileios Papachristou (Greek: Βασίλειος Παπαχρήστου) was born in 1858 in Labove e Kryqit[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labova_e_Kryqit] in the District of Gjirokastre, now part of present day Albania. When he entered the [[Holy Orders]] he was given the name Basil (Vasileios). He became [[bishop]] of Dryinoupolis at the turn of the century as the status of the area of northern Epirus was contended for between the Greeks and Albanians amid European imperial maneuvering during the first decade of the twentieth century.

Members of the Greek minority in Albania, Metr. Basil and the Greek population of Epirus were unhappy with the sale of northern Epirus to the principality of Albania under the December 1913 Protocol of Florence. As the Greek government in Athens was reluctant to upset the negotiations among the European powers, the resolute Greek Epirote decide to declare independence.

On [[February 17]], 1914, Metr. Basil became one of the signers of the declaration of independence of the [[w:Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus|Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]] in Argyrokastro (Gjirokastre). Soon after, he became Minister of Justice and Religion in the provisional government headed by Georgios Christakis-Zographos.

After successfully taking control of Northern Epirus in October 1914, the Greeks were driven from the territory in September 1916 by Italian and French forces that then closed all the Greek schools. As the Italian administration considered Metr. Basil an agent of Greece, he was expelled. His protests to the Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos for help were in vain. Then, after World War I, the protocol of 1913 was confirmed and Northern Epirus was awarded to Albania in 1921. Metr. Basil was then exiled from his home territory.

Metr. Basil reposed in 1936 in Greece.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Paramythia|
years=1897 - 1900|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Dryinoupolis|
years=1900 - 1916 (1936)|
after=?}}

{{end box}}

==Source==
* {{fr icon}} [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasileios_de_Dryinoupolis Vasileios de Dryinoupolis]. French Wikipedia.

==External link==
* [http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/vasileios-of-dryinoupolis/ Vasileios of Dryinoupolis].
* {{el icon}} [http://www.imdpk.eu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=52&Itemid=96 ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ ΠΑΠΑΧΡΗΣΤΟΥ]. Ἱερᾶς Μητροπόλεως Δρυϊνουπόλεως, Πωγωνιανῆς καί Κονίτσης.

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category: 19th-20th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Theological School of Halki Graduates]]

Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-23T23:46:27Z

Angellight 888: update succession box; add category;

His Eminence '''Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis''', also '''Vasileios of Dryinoupolis''', was the Metropolitan of the [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa|Metropolis of Dryinoupolis]] in Northern Epirus during the time of the collapse of the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire]] and the establishment of successor nations in the polyglot Balkans at the beginning of the twentieth century.

==Life==
Vasileios Papachristou (Greek: Βασίλειος Παπαχρήστου) was born in 1858 in Labove e Kryqit[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labova_e_Kryqit] in the District of Gjirokastre, now part of present day Albania. When he entered the [[Holy Orders]] he was given the name Basil (Vasileios). He became [[bishop]] of Dryinoupolis at the turn of the century as the status of the area of northern Epirus was contended for between the Greeks and Albanians amid European imperial maneuvering during the first decade of the twentieth century.

Members of the Greek minority in Albania, Metr. Basil and the Greek population of Epirus were unhappy with the sale of northern Epirus to the principality of Albania under the December 1913 Protocol of Florence. As the Greek government in Athens was reluctant to upset the negotiations among the European powers, the resolute Greek Epirote decide to declare independence.

On [[February 17]], 1914, Metr. Basil became one of the signers of the declaration of independence of the [[w:Autonomous_Republic_of_Northern_Epirus|Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus]] in Argyrokastro (Gjirokastre). Soon after, he became Minister of Justice and Religion in the provisional government headed by Georgios Christakis-Zographos.

After successfully taking control of Northern Epirus in October 1914, the Greeks were driven from the territory in September 1916 by Italian and French forces that then closed all the Greek schools. As the Italian administration considered Metr. Basil an agent of Greece, he was expelled. His protests to the Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos for help were in vain. Then, after World War I, the protocol of 1913 was confirmed and Northern Epirus was awarded to Albania in 1921. Metr. Basil was then exiled from his home territory.

Metr. Basil reposed in 1936 in Greece.

{{start box}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Paramythia|
years=1897 - 1900|
after=?}}

{{succession|
before=?|
title=Metropolitan of Dryinoupolis|
years=1900 - 1916 (1936)|
after=?}}

{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasileios_de_Dryinoupolis Vasileios de Dryinoupolis] In French

==External link==
*[http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/vasileios-of-dryinoupolis/ Vasileios of Dryinoupolis]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category: 19th-20th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Theological School of Halki Graduates]]

Sophianos of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-23T22:32:27Z

Angellight 888: add links;

His Grace Bishop '''Sophianos of Dryinoupolis''' (16xx - 1711) was a signigicant religious figure and Orthodox [[missionary]] in Ottoman Epirus, around the turn of the 18th century.

==Life==
He was probably born in the village of Polytsiani, in the [[w:Pogon, Albania|Pogon]] region of [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]].

At the time he became bishop of [[w:Dropull|Dryinoupolis]] (modern southwest Albania)<ref group="note">From the Roman period there was a fortified settlement named ''Hadrianoupolis'' in the region, named after the Roman emperor Hadrian. During the 6th century the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, as part of his fortification plans against barbarian invasions, moved the settlement 4 kilometers southeast in the modern village of Peshkëpi, in order to gain a more secure position. The city is also referred in Byzantine sources as ''Ioustinianoupolis.'' During the 11th century the city was named ''[[w:Dropull|Dryinoupolis]]'', a name possibly deriving from its former name or from the nearby river. It was also, from the 5th century, the see of a bishopric (initially part of the Diocese of Nicopolis, Naupactus and then Ioannina).</ref> the religious composition of the region was changing due to massive conversions to [[Islam]].<ref>Tom Winnifrith. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=dkRoAAAAMAAJ&q=inauthor:%22Tom+Winnifrith%22&dq=inauthor:%22Tom+Winnifrith%22&hl=el&sa=X&ei=i_l2UZ2AE6vL0gH6tYDIAQ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ Badlands, Borderlands: A History of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania].'' Gerald Duckworth, Limited, 2002. ISBN 9780715632017</ref>

In 1672 he founded a Greek school in the local monastery of Saint Athanasios.<ref>M. V. Sakellariou. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?hl=el&id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&q=sophianos&pgis=1&redir_esc=y#search_anchor Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization].'' Ekdotikē Athēnōn, 1997. ISBN 9789602133712</ref> In recognition of the danger that the Christian religion was shrinking, Sophianos resigned his bishopric and became a wandering [[missionary]], preaching from village to village.

Sophianos' last days were spent in the monastery of Saint Athanasios in his hometown Polytsiani (Polican, [[w:Pogon, Albania|Pogon]]) where he taught religion and letters to the village children. Although uncanonized, he is considered a [[saint]] in his village.<ref>Pyrrus Ruches. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=2k9pAAAAMAAJ&q=Pyrrhus+Ruches&dq=Pyrrhus+Ruches&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m_p2UdSKJpC00AG68oGwCg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA Albania's Captives].'' Argonaut, Chicago 1965. p.33.</ref>

Because of his pious character he was respected and honored by both Christians and Muslims. Sophianos is considered the predecessor of [[Cosmas of Aetolia]] in the region.

Bishop Sophianos died on [[November 26]], 1711 AD.

==See also==
* [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]]

==Notes==
<references group="note" />

==References==
<div><references/></div>

==External Links==
* {{el icon}} [http://www.saint.gr/3723/saint.aspx Άγιος Σοφιανός επίσκοπος Δρυϊνουπόλεως καί Αργυροκάστρου]. Ορθόδοξος Συναξαριστής. 26/11/2013.
* {{el icon}} [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0IQMBbPCY8 ΟΣΙΟΣ ΣΟΦΙΑΝΟΣ Ο ΣΗΜΕΙΟΦΟΡΟΣ (+26-11-1711)]. YouTube. Uploaded on Dec 8, 2010.

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:17th-18th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy and Islam]]

Sophianos of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-23T21:52:40Z

Angellight 888:

His Grace Bishop '''Sophianos of Dryinoupolis''' (16xx - 1711) was a signigicant religious figure and Orthodox [[missionary]] in Ottoman Epirus, around the turn of the 18th century.

==Life==
He was probably born in the village of Polytsiani, in the [[w:Pogon, Albania|Pogon]] region of [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]].

At the time he became bishop of [[w:Dropull|Dryinoupolis]] (modern southwest Albania)<ref group="note">From the Roman period there was a fortified settlement named ''Hadrianoupolis'' in the region, named after the Roman emperor Hadrian. During the 6th century the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, as part of his fortification plans against barbarian invasions, moved the settlement 4 kilometers southeast in the modern village of Peshkëpi, in order to gain a more secure position. The city is also referred in Byzantine sources as ''Ioustinianoupolis.'' During the 11th century the city was named ''[[w:Dropull|Dryinoupolis]]'', a name possibly deriving from its former name or from the nearby river. It was also, from the 5th century, the see of a bishopric (initially part of the Diocese of Nicopolis, Naupactus and then Ioannina).</ref> the religious composition of the region was changing due to massive conversions to [[Islam]].<ref>Tom Winnifrith. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=dkRoAAAAMAAJ&q=inauthor:%22Tom+Winnifrith%22&dq=inauthor:%22Tom+Winnifrith%22&hl=el&sa=X&ei=i_l2UZ2AE6vL0gH6tYDIAQ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ Badlands, Borderlands: A History of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania].'' Gerald Duckworth, Limited, 2002. ISBN 9780715632017</ref>

In 1672 he founded a Greek school in the local monastery of Saint Athanasios.<ref>M. V. Sakellariou. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?hl=el&id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&q=sophianos&pgis=1&redir_esc=y#search_anchor Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization].'' Ekdotikē Athēnōn, 1997. ISBN 9789602133712</ref> In recognition of the danger that the Christian religion was shrinking, Sophianos resigned his bishopric and became a wandering [[missionary]], preaching from village to village.

Sophianos' last days were spent in the monastery of Saint Athanasios in his hometown Polytsiani (Polican, [[w:Pogon, Albania|Pogon]]) where he taught religion and letters to the village children. Although uncanonized, he is considered a saint in his village.<ref>Pyrrus Ruches. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=2k9pAAAAMAAJ&q=Pyrrhus+Ruches&dq=Pyrrhus+Ruches&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m_p2UdSKJpC00AG68oGwCg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA Albania's Captives].'' Argonaut, Chicago 1965. p.33.</ref>

Because of his pious character he was respected and honored by both Christians and Muslims. Sophianos is considered the predecessor of [[Cosmas of Aetolia]] in the region.

==See also==
* [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]]

==Notes==
<references group="note" />

==References==
<div><references/></div>

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:17th-18th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy and Islam]]

Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa

2013-04-23T21:52:08Z

Angellight 888: /* Metropolitans */ link;

The '''Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa''' is one of the metropolises of the New Lands in Greece that is within the [[jurisdiction]] of the [[Church of Constantinople]] but de facto is administered for practical reasons as part of the [[Church of Greece]] under an agreement between the churches of Athens and Constantinople. The metropolis is located in Northern Epirus in northwestern Greece.

==History==
A Diocese of Dryinoupolis has existed since at least the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] at which [[Bishop]] Eutychius took part. The seat of the diocese initially was located in the city of Adrianoupolis. The [[diocese]] was noted in a ''Notitiae'' of the eleventh century as the seventh ranking [[diocese]] of the [[Metropolis of Nikopolis and Preveza|Metropolis of Nikopolis]]. In 1318, the diocese was placed under the jurisdiction of the newly formed [[Metropolis of Ioannina]]. In the mid-fourteenth century the [[see]] was transferred to Gjirokaster with the title of Dryinoupolis and Gjirokaster. The diocese continued to exist through the centuries until in 1832 when the Diocese of Dryinoupolis was merged with the Diocese of Cheimarras and Delvinou to form one diocese titled ''Dryinoupolis and Torrents''. Then, in 1835, the Diocese of Dryinoupolis and Delvine was raised to a Metropolis.<ref>[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Konstantinos Giakoumis, Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania), p2]</ref>

==Metropolitans==
*[[Andrew (Trempelas) of Dryinoupolis|Andrew (Trempelas)]] 1995 - Present
*[[Sevastianos (Oikonomidis) of Dryinoupolis|Sevastianos (Oikonomidis)]] 1967 - 1994
*[[Basil (Papachristou) of Dryinoupolis|Basil (Papachristou)]] c.1900 - 1920
*Dositheos 1760 - 1799
*Metrophanes 17xx - 1760
*[[Sophianos of Dryinoupolis]] 16xx - 1711
*Eutychius c. 431

== Monasteries==
*Monastery of the Virgin Mary of Molyvdoskepasto at Konitsa[http://www.magazino.com/moni/e_index.html] For Men
*Monastery of Stomio (Panagia Stomiotissa) at Konitsa For Men

==Reference==
<references/>

==Sources==
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/greek/dioceses/Dryinoupoleos/Dryinoupoleos.html Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa] In Greek
*[http://www.ecclesia.gr/English/EnDioceses/Dryinoupolis.html Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]
*[http://www.scribd.com/doc/74750045/Archival-Codices-in-the-Central-Archives-of-the-State-F-139-D-2 Konstantinos Giakoumis: Diocesan Codices in Unveiling Local History: First Presentation of The ‘Codex of Gjirokastër’ (S. Albania)]

==External links==
*[[Wikipedia: Bishop_Sophianos_of_Dryinoupolis]]
*[http://www.sfeva.gr/602AA7BF.en.aspx Holy Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani & Konitsa]

[[Category:Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:Greek Dioceses|Dryinoupolis]]

Sophianos of Dryinoupolis

2013-04-23T21:43:04Z

Angellight 888: new article;

His Grace Bishop '''Sophianos of Dryinoupolis''' (16xx - 1711) was a signigicant local religious figure and Orthodox [[missionary]] in Ottoman Epirus, around the turn of the 18th century.

==Life==
He was probably born in the village of Polytsiani, in the [[w:Pogon, Albania|Pogon]] region of [[w:Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus]].

At the time he became bishop of [[w:Dropull|Dryinoupolis]] (modern southwest Albania)<ref group="note">From the Roman period there was a fortified settlement named ''Hadrianoupolis'' in the region, named after the Roman emperor Hadrian. During the 6th century the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, as part of his fortification plans against barbarian invasions, moved the settlement 4 kilometers southeast in the modern village of Peshkëpi, in order to gain a more secure position. The city is also referred in Byzantine sources as ''Ioustinianoupolis.'' During the 11th century the city was named ''[[w:Dropull|Dryinoupolis]]'', a name possibly deriving from its former name or from the nearby river. It was also, from the 5th century, the see of a bishopric (initially part of the Diocese of Nicopolis, Naupactus and then Ioannina).</ref> the religious composition of the region was changing due to massive conversions to [[Islam]].<ref>Tom Winnifrith. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=dkRoAAAAMAAJ&q=inauthor:%22Tom+Winnifrith%22&dq=inauthor:%22Tom+Winnifrith%22&hl=el&sa=X&ei=i_l2UZ2AE6vL0gH6tYDIAQ&ved=0CEsQ6AEwBQ Badlands, Borderlands: A History of Northern Epirus/Southern Albania].'' Gerald Duckworth, Limited, 2002. ISBN 9780715632017</ref>

In 1672 he founded a Greek school in the local monastery of Saint Athanasios.<ref>M. V. Sakellariou. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?hl=el&id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&q=sophianos&pgis=1&redir_esc=y#search_anchor Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization].'' Ekdotikē Athēnōn, 1997. ISBN 9789602133712</ref> In recognition of the danger that the Christian religion was shrinking, Sophianos resigned his bishopric and became a wandering [[missionary]], preaching from village to village.

Sophianos' last days were spent in the monastery of Saint Athanasios in his hometown Polytsiani (Polican, [[w:Pogon, Albania|Pogon]]) where he taught religion and letters to the village children. Although uncanonized, he is considered a saint in his village.<ref>Pyrrus Ruches. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=2k9pAAAAMAAJ&q=Pyrrhus+Ruches&dq=Pyrrhus+Ruches&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m_p2UdSKJpC00AG68oGwCg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA Albania's Captives].'' Argonaut, Chicago 1965. p.33.</ref>

Because of his pious character he was respected and honored by both Christians and Muslims. Sophianos is considered the predecessor of [[Cosmas of Aetolia]] in the region.

==See also==
* [[Metropolis of Dryinoupolis, Pogoniani and Konitsa]]

==Notes==
<references group="note" />

==References==
<div><references/></div>

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:Bishops of Dryinoupolis]]
[[Category:17th-18th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]
[[Category:Orthodoxy and Islam]]

Gerontism

2013-04-21T12:43:45Z

Angellight 888: cat.;

'''Gerontism''', also '''Gerontismos''' or '''System of the Elders''' ({{el icon}} Γεροντισμός), was a system of Synodal reform within the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate]] during the [[Ottoman empire]], whereby senior [[Bishop|Hierarchs]] ("Elders") were given responsibility for the administration of the Patriarchate, in cooperation with the Patriarch. The system was fomally established in the middle of the eighteenth century from 1767, and remained in force for about a century until 1860, when it was abolished.

==History==
The System of Elders (''Gerontismos'') had been introduced in the administration of the [[Greek Orthodox|Greek Church]] in the year 1741, when Metropolitan Gerasimos of [[Heraclea]] obtained a [[Ottoman Turk Documents|Firman]] (decree) from [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] officials, regulating and subordinating the election of the [[Patriarch of Constantinople]] to the five Metropolitans, called '[[Geronta|Gerontes]]' or Elders, of: [[Heraclea]], Cyzicus (Kyzikos), [[Nicomedia]], [[Nicaea]], and [[Chalcedon]].<ref>Theodore H. Papadopoulos. ''Studies and Documents Relating to the History of the Greek Church and People Under Turkish Domination.'' 2nd ed. Variorum, Hampshire, Great Britain, 1990. p.51.</ref> Indeed, the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman authority]] approved of the Synodal reform, which led to this system of Gerontismos under which the Church was governed down to the second half of the 19th c.

The system traced its origin back to the Byzantine period, when High Clergy Officials were divided between the ''egritoi'' (εγκριτοι - preeminent) and the ''parepidimountes'' (παρεπιδημούντες - sojourners), a line of demarcation traced among the clergy officials whose dioceses were located near the capital and the others who happened to be in the capital at the day of the Synod. That is, the latter were prelates whose chairs were a far distance away from the center of decision-making. Similarly, under the system of Gerondismos, the ''egritoi'', which were evolved to the [[Geronta|Gerondes]], became, by the middle of the 18th century, the chief influences with respect to the election of the Patriarch; and at the same time, assumed the most important part in the administration of the Church.<ref>Dr. Maria Tsikaloudaki. ''[http://greece.haifa.ac.il/events/greek_orthodox_church/pdf/Tsikaloudaki_CongrGreekChurch.pdf The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Tanzimat Reforms: The National Regulations of 1860].'' Paper presented at the Conference: The Greek Orthodox Church in the Modern Era. Program of Modern Hellenic Studies, Haifa University, 2004. pp.6-7.</ref>

In 1767, during the first period of the tenure of Patriarch [[Samuel I Chatzeres of Constantinople|Samuel I Chatzeres]] as [[Patriarch]], the [[Metropolitan]]s of the [[diocese]]s that were near Constantinople formally established themselves as an ecclesiastical oligarchy and became responsible for the administration of the patriarchate in cooperation with the Patriarch. These Metropolitans were from the dioceses that were in close proximity to Constantinople and had the possibility of maintaining a permanent presence there in the capital.<ref name=NICEA-OTTOMAN>''[http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBody.aspx?lemmaid=8579 Diocese of Nicaea (Οttoman period)].'' Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. Retreived: 2013-01-30.</ref> Initially, the members of the group included the hierarchs of [[Heraclea]], [[Chalcedon]], [[Nicomedia]], Cyzicus, and [[Nicaea]]; later on, the Metropolitans of [[Metropolis of Derkoi|Derkoi]], Ephesus, and [[Diocese of Caesarea (Kaisareia)|Caesarea]] were also added.

Gerontism provided improved administrative competence within the patriarchate, as the gerontes' lengthy presence and experience in Constantinople provided experience in the management of eventual crises. However on the other hand, the Elders would often impose on the patriarch their own decisions and could even cause his [[enthronement|dethronement]]. Also, the system was a source of financial and other abuse, including undermining the patriarch's status and autonomy.<ref name=NICEA-OTTOMAN/>

The system of gerontism was abolished after the adoption of the "General" or "National Regulations" by the National Assembly of the Orthodox millet that was held in Constantinople from 1858 to 1860 in accordance with the imperial decree ''[[w:Hatt-i Humayun of 1856|Hatt-ı Hümayun]]'' of 1856 that among other provisions provided for the reorganization of the ethnic-religious communities of the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman Empire]].<ref name=NICEA-OTTOMAN/>

==References==
<div><references/></div>

==See also==
* [[Geronta]]
* [[Ottoman rule and Eastern Christianity]]

==Sources==
* Theodore H. Papadopoulos. ''Studies and Documents Relating to the History of the Greek Church and People Under Turkish Domination.'' 2nd ed. Variorum, Hampshire, Great Britain, 1990. p.51.
* Dr. Maria Tsikaloudaki. ''[http://greece.haifa.ac.il/events/greek_orthodox_church/pdf/Tsikaloudaki_CongrGreekChurch.pdf The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Tanzimat Reforms: The National Regulations of 1860].'' Paper presented at the Conference: The Greek Orthodox Church in the Modern Era. Program of Modern Hellenic Studies, Haifa University, 2004. pp.6-7.
* ''[http://asiaminor.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBody.aspx?lemmaid=8579 Diocese of Nicaea (Οttoman period)].'' Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. Retreived: 2013-01-30.
* ''[http://constantinople.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBody.aspx?lemmaid=11472 Greek-Orthodox Patriarchate of Constantinople, 1839-1923].'' Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. Retreived: 2013-01-30.

==External links==
* ''[http://constantinople.ehw.gr/Forms/fLemmaBody.aspx?lemmaid=11430 Greek newspapers in Constantinople].'' Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World, Asia Minor. Retreived: 2013-01-30.

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category: Church History]]
[[Category:Elders]]

Daniel Katounakiotis

2013-04-21T02:09:45Z

Angellight 888: add categories;

Elder '''Daniel Katounakiotis''', known in the world as Dimitrios Dimitriadis, was a [[monk]], the founder of Danielaioi brotherhood at [[Mount Athos]].

==Life==
Born in 1846 in a family of a armourer in Smyrna, he was the youngest child in the family and was characterized by outstanding abilities. In his teenage years Dimitrios knew by heart almost all Philokalia. At the island of Paros, he met Saint [[Arsenius of Paros]] who blessed Dimitrios to go to [[St. Panteleimon's Monastery (Athos)|St. Panteleimon monastery at Mt. Athos]].

In St. Panteleimon [[monastery]], he was [[tonsure]]d a monk with the name of Daniel. Later he lived in [[Vatopedi Monastery (Athos)|Vatopaidi monastery]]. For 10 years he suffered with nephritis and on [[August 31]], when the Vatopaidi monastery celebrated the feast of Holy Belt of the Mother of God, he was suddenly healed. After 5 years in Vatopaidi he moved to Katounakia where lived alone for 3.5 years. Starting from 1883, other monks started to settle there, so that Danielaioi brotherhood was formed. Elder Daniel was offered to be a [[bishop]] but considered himself to be unworthy of it.

==Gift of spiritual counsel and persuasion==
Elder Daniel had a gift of spiritual counsel and consolation in sorrows. He guarded or cured from [[prelest]] many monks and lay persons. He was in spiritual friendship with St. [[Nectarios of Pentapolis]]. Also he was in correspondence with [[Philotheos (Zervakos) of Paros]] and other monks from the monastery of Longovarda at the island of Paros. Elder Daniel guarded them from the [[heresy]] of theologian A. Makrakis. About 200 letters to the abbess Theodosia from the monastery at the island of Tinos and 70 other writings of elder Daniel are available until now.

Kostis Marmar, a lay person, was interested in spiritualism. He wanted to know whether it comes from the electric forces of from the spiritual forces. Then he found out that it was from the spirit and in his opinion, from the Holy Spirit. So Kostis practiced spiritualism for 30 years, speaking with "saints", "spirits of reposed people" etc. After that he found a book of elder Daniel against spiritualism and started to doubt about holiness of the participating spirit. He started to write letters to the elder asking about it. The elder succeeded in convincing Kostis that spiritualism was a delusion. But it took a very long time for Kostis to be healed completely and he managed to get out of the net of demonic visions and other tricks only with help of Divinely wise elder Daniel.

Fr. Callistratus in the end of his life fell into prelest. During the Divine service, he started trembling and was thinking that this is an action of grace. But he was not absolutely certain and decided to write to elder Daniel. The elder replied with an extensive letter "On noetic prayer. Letter of elder Daniel to Callistratus" (1916, In: "Angelic Living"). Elder Daniel analyses in detail the actions of grace and the trembling that comes from God and the one that comes from the evil side. He writes that no one of the Saints was trembling as Fr. Callistratus. He also tells about another similar case of trembling that was coming from the evil forces with monk Alipius who did not notice that was praying with unnoticeable vainglory. And the elder showed with convincing arguments that the trembling for Fr. Callistratus was coming from the same force. In a reply, Fr. Kalistratis is amazed at the action of the elder Daniel's letter, the meekness of the elder and how he showed the delusion.

In a letter "Reply of monk Daniel to Markianus, a monk of Iveron skete, about rejection of dreams" (1918, In: "Angelic Living"), elder Daniel writes about a man of great learning who thought of himself that he had received a gift of heart prayer from the icon of the Mother of God and then started to see visions. He even asked God to receive the same visions as the Prophets of the Old Testament. Then the Devil offered him many other heretic superstitions, an "angel" told him so "sacrifice" his hand to Christ and to burn it with candle, the man even took baptism for the second time from the protestants. When elder Daniel asked whether this man confessed everything, he replied that "Christ" told him that it is not necessary and there are no true confessors now. After listening for 6 hours about different delusions, it took elder Daniel 2 hours to bring that person to reason based on the Divine Scriptures. The man was convinced and started to resist the visions, though the traces of delusion were seen to the end of his life.

==Repose==

In September of 1929, the elder fell ill with a cold. He was foreboding his death and asked to take the Holy Communion. On [[September 8]] (21), 1929, on the day of the Nativity of the Mother of God, after the Divine Liturgy and the Sacrament of Anointment of the Sick, elder Daniel reposed.

==Works==
*᾿Αϒϒελικὸς Βίος. Θεσσαλονίκη, 1987 {{Ru icon}} Даниил Катунакский. Ангельское житие. М., 2005
*Μοναχικὰ ἐντρυφήματα. Θεσσαλονίκη, 1982
*Πατρικα Ϫιδαχαί. Θεσσαλονίκη, 1989. Vol. 3
*Κατὰ αἱρητικῆς δοξασίας ὑπὸ Μακράκη. Θεσσαλονίκη, 1984
*᾿Εξ ἐρήμου Ϫιατυπώσεις. Θεσσαλονίκη, 1985. Vol. 5.

==Source==
*{{Ru icon}} [http://www.pravenc.ru/text/171300.html Orthodox Encyclopedia. Daniel Katounakiotis.]
*{{Ru icon}} Archimandrite Cherubim (Karambelas). "Contemporary ascetics of Mount Athos".
*{{Ru icon}} Elder Daniel Katounakiotis. "Angelic living".

[[Category:Athonite Fathers]]
[[Category:Elders]]
[[Category:Monastics]]

Seraphim (disambiguation)

2013-04-21T02:02:31Z

Angellight 888: add links;

''' ''Seraphim'' ''' may refer to the following:

==Angels==
* [[Seraphim]]

==Saints==
* [[Seraphim of Phanarion]] (†1601), [[December 4]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=108909 Hieromonk Seraphim, Bishop of the Phanar].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1356/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Σεραφεὶμ ὁ Νέος Ἱερομάρτυρας].'' 4 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* [[Seraphim of Livadeia]] (†1602), [[May 6]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=205354 St Seraphim of Lebadeia].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3046/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ὅσιος Σεραφείμ].'' 6 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* [[Seraphim of Sarov]] (†1833), [[January 2]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100008 Repose of the Venerable Seraphim the Wonderworker of Sarov].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1604/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ὅσιος Σεραφεὶμ τοῦ Σάρωφ].'' 2 Ιανουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* Seraphima of Sezenovo, Abbess (†1877), [[February 13]]<ref>''[http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20110213.htm February 13/26].'' ORTHODOX CALENDAR (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2125/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ἡ Ὁσία Σεραφείμα ἐκ Ρωσίας].'' 13 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* [[Seraphim (Chichagov) of Leningrad]] (†1937) , [[November 28]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103441 Hieromartyr Metropolitan Seraphim of Chichagov].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>''[http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20111128.htm November 28/December 11].'' ORTHODOX CALENDAR (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).</ref><ref>''[http://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/index.php?year=2011&today=11&month=12&trp=0&tzo=-4 December 11 / November 28].'' HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A Parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).</ref>
* [[Seraphim of Vyritsa]] (†1949), [[March 21]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103710 Venerable Seraphim of Virits].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3001/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ὅσιος Σεραφείμ ἐκ Βυρίτσας Ρωσίας].'' 21 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* [[Seraphim (Romantsov)]] (†1976), [[December 19]]<ref>[http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20121219.htm December 19/January 1]. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).</ref><ref>Dr. Alexander Roman. ''[http://www.ukrainian-orthodoxy.org/calendar/december/default.html December].'' Calendar of Ukrainian Orthodox Saints (Ukrainian Orthodoxy - Українське Православ'я).</ref>

==Deceased Bishops==
* [[Seraphim (Glagolevsky) of Novgorod and St. Petersburg]] (†1843)
* [[Seraphim of Uglich]] (†1937)
* [[Seraphim (Lukjanov) of Finland]] (†1959)
* [[Seraphim (Ivanov) of Chicago]] (†1987)
* [[Seraphim (Tikas) of Athens]] (†1998)

==Current Bishops==
* [[Seraphim (Ginis) of Apollonias]]
* [[Seraphim (Kalogeropoulos) of Rentina]]
* [[Seraphim (Kykkotis) of Zimbabwe]]
* [[Seraphim (Melkonian) of Baltiysk]]
* [[Seraphim (Mentzelopoulos) of Piraeus]]
* [[Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria]]
* [[Seraphim (Roris) of Karystia]]
* [[Seraphim (Sigrist) of Sendai]]
* [[Serapheim (Stefanou) of Stagoi]]
* [[Seraphim (Stergioulas) of Kythira]]
* [[Seraphim (Storheim) of Ottawa]]
* [[Seraphim (Tsujie) of Sendai]]

==Other==
* [[Serafim Alexivich Slobodskoy]] (†1971)
* [[Seraphim Rose]], Hieromonk (†1982)
* Serapheim (Travassaros) of [[Holy Lavra of St. Savas (Jerusalem)|Mar Saba]], also ''Serapheim Savvaitis'', [[Igumen|Hegumen]] of the [[Holy Lavra of St. Savas (Jerusalem)]] (*1900 - †2003)
* [[Seraphim Scheidler]] (†2011)

----
==References==
<small><div><references/></div></small>

<br>
{{disambig}}

Porphyrios (disambiguation)

2013-04-21T01:50:17Z

Angellight 888: /* Saints */

'''Porphyrios''', also ''' ''Porphyrius'' ''' or ''' ''Porfiriy'' ''' may refer to the following:

==Saints==
* Porphyrius, martyr, in Thessaly († 202), [[February 10]]<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2080/sxsaintinfo.aspx Οἱ Ἅγιοι Βάπτος καὶ Πορφύριος οἱ Μάρτυρες καὶ οἱ τρεῖς πιστεύσαντες γυναῖκες].'' 10 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref><ref>''[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/02/10/100476-martyr-porphyrius-in-thessaly Martyr Porphyrius in Thessaly].'' OCA - Lives of the Saints.</ref>
* Porphyrius the General and 200 Soldiers with him, martyrs († ca.305), [[November 25]] (''Greek use'');<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1277/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Πορφυρίων (ἢ Πορφύριος) ὁ Στρατηλάτης καὶ οἱ 200 Στρατιῶτες του].'' 25 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref> [[November 24]] (''Slavonic use'')<ref>''[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/11/24/103387-martyr-porphyrius-the-general-martyred-at-alexandria-with-greatm Martyr Porphyrius the General martyred at Alexandria, with Greatmartyr Catherine].'' OCA - Lives of the Saints.</ref>
* Porphyrius of Ephesus, martyr († ca.305), [[November 9]]<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1125/sxsaintinfo.aspx Οἱ Ἅγιοι Ὀνησιφόρος καὶ Πορφύριος οἱ Μάρτυρες].'' 9 Νοεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref><ref>''[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/11/09/103253-martyr-porphyrius-of-ephesus Martyr Porphyrius of Ephesus].'' OCA - Lives of the Saints.</ref>
* Porphyrius, martyr, at Caesarea, in Palestine († ca.308-309), [[February 16]]<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2152/sxsaintinfo.aspx Οἱ Ἅγιοι Πάμφιλος, Δανιήλ, Ἠλίας, Ἡσαΐας, Θεόδουλος, Ἱερεμίας, Ἰουλιανός, Οὐάλης, Παῦλος, Πορφύριος, Σαμουὴλ καὶ Σέλευκος οἱ Μάρτυρες].'' 16 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref><ref>''[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/02/16/100537-martyr-porphyrius-at-caesarea-in-palestine Martyr Porphyrius at Caesarea, in Palestine].'' OCA - Lives of the Saints.</ref>
* Porphyrius the Actor (''Porphyrius the Mime''), martyr († 361), [[September 15]]<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/651/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Πορφύριος ὁ μίμος].'' 15 Σεπτεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref><ref>''[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/09/15/102620-martyr-porphyrius-the-actor Martyr Porphyrius the Actor].'' OCA - Lives of the Saints.</ref>
* [[Porphyrios of Gaza]] († 420), Bishop of Gaza, [[February 26]]<ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2244/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Πορφύριος Ἐπίσκοπος Γάζης].'' 26 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref><ref>''[http://oca.org/saints/lives/2013/02/26/100606-st-porphyrius-the-bishop-of-gaza St Porphyrius the Bishop of Gaza].'' OCA - Lives of the Saints.</ref>

==Deceased Bishops==
* Porphyrios of [[Metropolis of Serres and Nigrita|Serres]] (1824-1829)
* [[Porphyrius (Uspensky) of Chigirin]] († 1885), Bishop of Chigirin, Vicar of the Eparchy of Kiev.

==Current Bishops==
* [[Porfyrios of Neapolis]].

==Other==
* [[Porphyrios (Bairaktaris) the Kapsokalivite]] († 1991), Athonite hieromonk.

----
==References==
<small><div><references/></div></small>

<br>
{{disambig}}

[[ro:Porfirie]]

Seraphim (disambiguation)

2013-04-21T01:47:38Z

Angellight 888: add Bp.;

''' ''Seraphim'' ''' may refer to the following:

==Angels==
* [[Seraphim]]

==Saints==
* [[Seraphim of Phanarion]] (†1601), [[December 4]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=108909 Hieromonk Seraphim, Bishop of the Phanar].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1356/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ἅγιος Σεραφεὶμ ὁ Νέος Ἱερομάρτυρας].'' 4 Δεκεμβρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* [[Seraphim of Livadeia]] (†1602), [[May 6]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=205354 St Seraphim of Lebadeia].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3046/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ὅσιος Σεραφείμ].'' 6 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* [[Seraphim of Sarov]] (†1833), [[January 2]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=100008 Repose of the Venerable Seraphim the Wonderworker of Sarov].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/1604/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ὅσιος Σεραφεὶμ τοῦ Σάρωφ].'' 2 Ιανουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* Seraphima of Sezenovo, Abbess (†1877), [[February 13]]<ref>''[http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20110213.htm February 13/26].'' ORTHODOX CALENDAR (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/2125/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ἡ Ὁσία Σεραφείμα ἐκ Ρωσίας].'' 13 Φεβρουαρίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>
* [[Seraphim (Chichagov) of Leningrad]] (†1937) , [[November 28]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103441 Hieromartyr Metropolitan Seraphim of Chichagov].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>''[http://days.pravoslavie.ru/en/Days/20111128.htm November 28/December 11].'' ORTHODOX CALENDAR (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).</ref><ref>''[http://www.holytrinityorthodox.com/calendar/index.php?year=2011&today=11&month=12&trp=0&tzo=-4 December 11 / November 28].'' HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A Parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).</ref>
* [[Seraphim of Vyritsa]] (†1949), [[March 21]]<ref>''[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103710 Venerable Seraphim of Virits].'' OCA - Feasts and Saints.</ref><ref>Great Synaxaristes: {{el icon}} ''[http://www.synaxarion.gr/gr/sid/3001/sxsaintinfo.aspx Ὁ Ὅσιος Σεραφείμ ἐκ Βυρίτσας Ρωσίας].'' 21 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.</ref>

==Deceased Bishops==
* [[Seraphim (Glagolevsky) of Novgorod and St. Petersburg]] (†1843)
* [[Seraphim of Uglich]] (†1937)
* [[Seraphim (Lukjanov) of Finland]] (†1959)
* [[Seraphim (Ivanov) of Chicago]] (†1987)
* [[Seraphim (Tikas) of Athens]] (†1998)

==Current Bishops==
* [[Seraphim (Ginis) of Apollonias]]
* [[Seraphim (Kalogeropoulos) of Rentina]]
* [[Seraphim (Kykkotis) of Zimbabwe]]
* [[Seraphim (Melkonian) of Baltiysk]]
* [[Seraphim (Mentzelopoulos) of Piraeus]]
* [[Seraphim (Papakostas) of Kastoria]]
* [[Seraphim (Roris) of Karystia]]
* [[Seraphim (Sigrist) of Sendai]]
* [[Serapheim (Stefanou) of Stagoi]]
* [[Seraphim (Stergioulas) of Kythira]]
* [[Seraphim (Storheim) of Ottawa]]
* [[Seraphim (Tsujie) of Sendai]]

==Other==
* [[Serafim Alexivich Slobodskoy]] (†1971)
* [[Seraphim Rose]], Hieromonk (†1982)
* Serapheim (Travassaros) of [[Holy Lavra of St. Savas (Jerusalem)|Mar Saba]], also ''Serapheim Savvaitis'', [[Igumen|Hegumen]] of the [[Holy Lavra of St. Savas (Jerusalem)]] (*1900 - †2003)

----
==References==
<small><div><references/></div></small>

<br>
{{disambig}}

Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos

2013-04-20T03:10:21Z

Angellight 888:

[[Image:Ieromonaxos chrysostomos papasarantopoulos.jpg|right|thumb|Missionary Archimandrite Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos.]]
Rev. [[Archimandrite]] '''Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos''' (Greek: ''' ''Χρυσόστομος Παπασαραντόπουλος'' ''', 1903-1972) was a pioneering [[missionary]] who laboured to spread the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|Orthodox faith]] in [[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda|Uganda]], [[Archdiocese of Kenya|Kenya]], [[Archdiocese of Mwanza|Tanzania]], and [[Archdiocese of Central Africa|Congo]].

==Greece 1903-1960==
===Childhood years===
Rev. Archimandrite Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos was born Christos Papasarantopoulos in 1903 in Vasilitsi, [[w:Messenia|Messenia]], Greece to Theodoros Papasarantopoulos and Stavroula Trigourea (''afterwards [[Nun]] Sebastiani''), the seventh child of the family. He was born into a devout Christian home, and from childhood he devoted his life to Christ. At the age of 10 he lost his father, and was forced to leave school in order to work.

At 15 years of age he left his family home in secret and went to settle at the [[w:Koroni|Koroni]] [[monastery]] in order to pursue his longing for the spiritual life; however he soon left this monastery since his relatives would visit him and beg him to return to the family.

Afterwards, he went to Kalamata, to the then well-known Hermitage of Panagoulakis (Holy Monastery of the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary),<ref group="note">Hermitage of Panagoulakis in Kalamata, Greece (Greek: Ιερά Μονή Ευαγγελισμού της Θεοτόκου Παναγουλάκη). This monastery is currently [[Old Calendarist]] and not in communion with the [[Church of Greece]].</ref> known for its strict [[asceticism]]; here he became a [[monk]]. The excesses of the [[Igumen]] there and the very strict lifestyle of that Hermitage overcame him and left him with a permanent health problem.

===Later years===
During the years 1920-1929 Archimandrite Chrysostomos stayed at the Holy Monastery of Gardikiou (Moni Gardikiou), in Messenia.<ref>[http://www.mmess.gr/gardikiou.php?lang=en Holy Metropolis of Messenia]. Holy Monastery of Gardikiou.</ref> On [[May 4|May 4th]] 1926 he was [[Ordination|ordained]] into the [[Presbyter|priesthood]], and was appointed as the Igumen of that monastery.
At some point he [[Tonsure|tonsured]] his mother as a [[Nun]]. For several years he served the surrounding villages as the officiating [[priest]]. During this period Fr. Chrysostomos found time to complete his school studies (via [[w:Homeschooling|Homeschooling]]), and undertook to learn the French language. After the disestablishement of the Monastery of Gardikiou (due to lack of personnel), Fr. Chrysostomos transferred to the [[Metochion]] of the Holy Monastery of Voulkano, Chrysokellaria, near [[w:Koroni|Koroni]].<ref group="note">(Greek: Παλαιά Ιερά Μονή Βουλκάνου). This Byzantine monastery dates from the year 725 A.D. according to tradition.</ref>

He then came to Athens and joined the Holy Monastery of the Bodiless Powers (Petraki),<ref group="note">(Greek: [http://www.monipetraki.gr/ Ιεράς Μονής Ασωμάτων - Πετράκη])</ref> where his main duty was that of father [[Confession|confessor]] for people of all ages and walks of life, becoming well respected and loved. In the years of occupation<ref group="note">Second World War, and the ensuing [[w:Greek Civil War|Greek Civil War]].</ref> Fr. Chrysostomos went to [[w:Edessa, Greece|Edessa]] where he served as the General Hierarchical [[Vicar]] and [[Protosyngellos]]. Subsequently he was transferred to [[w:Kozani|Kozani]], Thessaloniki, and Athens, where he received his Secondary School Diploma. Eventually he returned again to the Monastery of the Bodiless Powers (Petraki) in Athens, from where he determined to enroll in the University of Athens Theological School. At the age of 55, in 1958, he finally received his theological degree which he had so greatly desired.

During the course of his studies in Athens he came into contact with certain colleagues of African descent, who may have inspired him towards his forthcoming mission. The African students at the University were from Uganda, and represented the first native Orthodox Christians from Uganda to be formally educated in the Orthodox faith. One of these fellow students, [[Theodoros (Nankyamas) of Kampala|Theodore (Nankyamas)]], would later play a prominent role and become one of the first Orthodox [[bishop]]s in East Africa. Another, Demetrios Mumbale, would become the first Orthodox physician and founder of an Orthodox medical clinic in Uganda.<ref name=VERONIS>Fr. [[Alexander Veronis]] ([[Orthodox Christian Mission Center|OCMC]]). ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=W1QiVpBKfhYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Orthodox Concepts of Evangelism and Mission].'' In: Paul Wesley Chilcote, & Laceye C. Warner (Eds.). '''The Study of Evangelism: Exploring a Missional Practice of the Church'''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008. pp.279-294.)</ref> In the event, after many years of faithful service in his native country, he experienced a strong leading, a true "Macedonian Call,"<ref group="note">Acts 16:6-10.</ref> to go as a [[missionary]] to Africa.<ref name=MAKARIOS>[[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya]]. ''Sermon at a Memorial Service for the Pioneer Missionary Rev. Archimandrite Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos, at the Church of St. Paul, Kagira, 29 December, 1993.'' '''Adventures in the Unseen, Volume 1.''' Orthodox Research Institute, 2004. pp.115-119.</ref>

==Africa 1960-1972==
===Uganda===
At the age of 57 Fr. Chrysostomos decided to go on his mission to Africa, venturing forth in full confidence that the God who called him would also provide for his needs and support.<ref name=VERONIS/>. The archbishop at that time, as well as his acquaintances, tried to discourage him on the pretext of his advanced age and state of health. However during a trip to the [[Holy Land]], he met the Patriarch of Alexandria [[Christophoros II of Alexandria|Christophoros II]] from whom he obtained the blessing,<ref group="note">Formal ecclesiastical permission to undertake an action is referred to as a "blessing". The blessing may be bestowed by a bishop or priest, or by one's own spiritual father.</ref> thus resolving to continue the mission.

In 1960 Archimandrite Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos went to [[w:Kampala|Kampala]], Uganda, where he worked for ten years before moving to Zaire to begin a new mission there.<ref>Stephen Hayes. ''[http://www.orthodoxytz.com/OrthodoxMission.asp Orthodox Mission in Tropical Africa].'' '''Missionalia''' (Journal of the Southern African Missiological Society)., citing:<br>
:Lemopoulos, George (ed). ''You shall be my witnesses.'' Tertios: Katerini, Greece. 1993. p.67.</ref> Through correspondence he also encouraged others to become involved in mission, among them the present Bishop [[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya|Makarios of Riruta]], Kenya. At that time the help of external missionaries in East Africa was greatly needed. After years of repression by the British colonial regime<ref group="note">The [[w:Uganda Protectorate|British Protectorate of Uganda]] was a protectorate of the British Empire from 1894 to 1962.</ref> and the disingenuous propaganda of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] and Protestant missionaries who supported it, the Orthodox Church was in a perilous state.<ref>Stephen Hayes. ''[http://www.orthodoxytz.com/OrthodoxMission.asp Orthodox Mission in Tropical Africa].'' '''Missionalia''' (Journal of the Southern African Missiological Society)., citing:<br>
:[[Brotherhood of Theologians Zoe|Zoe Brotherhood]] (ed.). ''A Sign of God: Orthodoxy 1964.'' Athens: Zoe, 1964. p.384.</ref>

Father Chrysostomos wrote about the first difficulties he encountered:
<blockquote>"...(there are) neither homes, nor churches, nor clergy.[...] the few Greek families here live miles away from each other. Likewise the Black Orthodox are also scattered in tens and hundreds of miles in the four [[w:Cardinal direction|cardinal directions]]..."</blockquote>

He began an extensive correspondence program, writing to friends, relatives and acquaintances who might be able to help in any way. Thus he slowly started to receive aid from Greece, Europe and America in the form of packages of clothing, cheques, utensils and other items. In another letter he wrote:

<blockquote>"...by the end of March 1961 the inauguration and opening of the small church of our mission was completed...I have not yet learned the (Bantu) language of [[w:Luganda|Luganda]], however I have learned [[w:Swahili language|Swahili]] to a considerable extent. I speak it together mixed with English, and I am understood fairly well."</blockquote>

Learning a new language at that age was not easy, but within a year of arriving in Africa, Father Chrysostomos could preach in [[w:Swahili language|Swahili]]. He provided [[Catechumen|catechesis]], he taught, and performed the [[Divine Liturgy]], and [[Baptism|baptized]] numerous of the [[w:Indigenous peoples|Indigenous peoples]]. In addition, he prepared others for the mission, guiding them towards the priesthood.

In 1963 Father Chrysostomos became the spiritual founder of the missionary society ''"The Friends of Uganda,"'' which continues its mission today from the city of Thessaloniki.<ref group="note">This Society has as its goal the moral and material support of the Orthodox External Mission all over the world. It started off its activities under the name of ''' ''“The Friends of Uganda”'' ''' (First Period: 1963-1971), later continued its course under the name of ''' ''“Greek Fellowship of Orthodox External Mission”'' ''' (Second Period: 1972-1978), and since 1979 (Third Period), it has been functioning under the name ''' ''“Brotherhood of Orthodox External Mission of Thessalonica”'' ''' (Greek: [http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/ierapostoli/first_text.html ΑΔΕΛΦΟΤΗΤΑ ΟΡΘΟΔΟΞΟΥ ΕΞΩΤΕΡΙΚΗΣ ΙΕΡΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΗΣ ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ]). At present it publishes the quarterly magazine ''“External Mission.”'' (George P. Liacopulos. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=xxY3gfmzdwwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Church and Society: Orthodox Christian Perspectives, Past Experiences, and Modern Challenges]''. Somerset Hall Press, 2007. 498pp. p. 260.)</ref>

===Kenya, Tanzania, Congo===
He then expanded the mission to neighbouring Kenya<ref group="note">Kenya's post-colonial history started when it became independent on 12 December 1963.</ref> and Tanzania (Tanganyika). In [[w:Nairobi|Nairobi]] he created another missionary station, stating "the work (of mission) is progressing, Orthodoxy is expanding." He also completed a translation of the [[Divine Liturgy]] and various [[Prayer|Prayers]] into Swahili.

Although he made constant appeals for assistance in his correspondence to Greece, inviting others to join the mission, he received no response. Although no longer young, Father Chrysostomos displayed an energy, which a man half his age might have envied. He launched himself into a continual round of evangelizing, teaching and preaching. He had the qualities, which should be the hallmark of every priest: zeal, dedication, self-sacrifice, devotion to duty and, above all, holiness.<ref name=MAKARIOS/>

For 10 years, Father Chrysostomos laboured in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, but all the time his spiritual vision was fixed on another territory, where the flag of Orthodoxy had not at that time been raised: the country which is today called the Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref group="note">Called ''Zaire'' from 1971-1997.</ref>

In 1970 Father Chrysostomos went to live in Congo to begin a new mission there, staying there for two years, that is, for the remainder of his life. Here he met with an even greater response from the Indigenous population, however he was beset by an enormous lack of material assistance and helpers to assist him. One month before his death, he wrote a letter saying:
<blockquote>"I love the Africans and am fully convinced that the Lord has brought me here. I hope to use the few remaining days of my old age preaching and teaching here. The place I am now located in is a large city (Kananga) of 50,000 people near the central part of the Congo. The people are eager to learn about Orthodox Christianity. But I am old and alone and my capacities are now limited. I don't know how I'll manage, but the Lord Jesus will show me, as He always has in the past. Remember me in your prayers."<ref name=VERONIS/></blockquote>

[[File:Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos - gravesite.png|right|thumb|Archimandrite Chrysostomos' gravesite in Kanaga.]]
===Death===
Undaunted, Father Chrysostomos continued his labours until his death. On December 13, 1972 while travelling from [[w:Kananga|Kananga]] to [[w:Lubumbashi|Lubumbashi]] he was overcome by profuse nose-bleeding. He returned to Kananga, celebrated the [[Divine Liturgy]] on [[Nativity|Christmas Day]], and ultimately fell asleep in the Lord on [[December 29]], 1972.<ref group="note">A very close co-worker with Father Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos in East Africa had been a Greek Archimandrite named [[Athanasios Anthidis]], who offeried his mission work there for many years. On Christmas 1980, Father Athanasios traveled to India to begin a systematic Orthodox Mission in the rural area of Arambah, in West Bengal. After he passed away in 1990, he was suceeded a year later by priest-monk Fr. [[Ignatios (Sennis) of Madagascar|Ignatios Sennis]], who came to Calcutta to continue the mission. (''[http://www.cs.ust.hk/faculty/dimitris/metro/DEC98.html Censer], Dec. 1998'')</ref>

By July 1973 he was succeeded in the missionary echelon of Kananga by his old friend and partner, the Archimandrite [[Chariton (Pneumatikakis)]] (1908-1998).<ref name=ENORIA>{{el icon}} ''[http://www.agiosandreas.gr/news/ierapostoli/papasarantopoulos.html Ο πρώτος Έλληνας Ιεραπόστολος της Αφρικής μακαριστός π. Χρυσόστομος Παπασαραντόπουλος].'' Ενορια Άγιου Ανδρέα Παγγαιου. Retrieved: 2013-04-19.</ref>

On [[December 29]], 1985 the [[Metropolis of Messenia]] erected a bust of Father Chrysostom in his honor.<ref name=ENORIA/> And on December 29, 1987 the [[w:Academy of Athens (modern)|Academy of Athens]] posthumously awarded him the silver medal of honor.<ref name=ENORIA/>

==Legacy==
Father Chrysostomos opened the road for modern Orthodox missionary activity in Africa. He started out at 57 years of age all by himself without any aid, and found himself in Africa preaching the [[Gospel]]. Numerous obstacles confronted him: racism, language barriers, primitive living conditions, lack of funds, limitations imposed upon him by superiors, ill health, poor diet, etc. Not one to despair easily, Fr. Chrysostomos looked upon each obstacle as a challenge and managed "with God's help," as he was accustomed to saying.<ref name=VERONIS/>

After labouring for twelve years across Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania and Congo, and having learned the Swahili and French languages at a relatively old age, he fell asleep in Africa having started a huge task, which was continued with great success.

Today, much progress has been made in evangelizing Congo, and there is a [[Archdiocese of Central Africa|Metropolitan of the Orthodox Church in Kinshasa]]. Father Chrysostomos was the pioneer, who laid the foundations, on which the superstructure of Orthodoxy in Congo was raised up. Kenya is not a small country, but Congo is more than four times the size of Kenya. Father Chrysostomos was always on the move, travelling widely. His life was a continuous round of travelling, preaching, [[Baptism|baptizing]], planting churches and celebrating the [[Divine Liturgy]]. The greatest desire of his heart was to spread Orthodoxy to Congo, and in this, he was marvellously successful. He was a perfectly humble man, full of the [[Holy Spirit]], a truly [[w:altruism|altruistic]] person who remains relatively unknown even today.<ref name=MAKARIOS/>

<blockquote>As with all preachers of the [[Gospel]], the full results of Fr. Papasarantopoulos' missionary efforts in Africa will be known only to the [[Lord]] of the Church. Orthodox history teaches that like prayer, the life of "a righteous man has great power in its effect" (James 5:16). However the seemingly humble ministry of this one missionary, advanced in age before he began, has had a direct effect on the [[Orthodox Church]] in both Greece and the United States. Shortly after his departure for Africa from Athens, a new missionary movement began in Greece in 1961 called "The Inter-Orthodox Missionary Center" under the aegis of the Pan-Orthodox Youth movement [[Syndesmos]]. ...A new journal entitled ''Porefthentes (Go Ye),'' edited by [[Anastasios (Yannoulatos) of Albania|Anastasios G. Yannoulatos]] accompanied this movement. Through the writings and influence of Yannoulatos, now a bishop and professor at the University of Athens, and this new movement, interest in missions has greatly expanded in Greece over the past twenty years. Today there are at least three missionary societies in that country operating out of Athens, Thessalonike, and Patras, all of which publish journals on missions. There were no such official organizations existing in modern Greece prior to Fr. Papasarantopoulos' venture of faith in Africa. It is noteworthy that all developed almost immediately after Fr. Papasarantopoulos' correspondence from the mission field began to ignite the faith of his friends and supporters in Greece. A similar phenomenon occured in the United States.<ref name=VERONIS/></blockquote>

==See also==
* [[Church of Alexandria|Patriarchate of Alexandria]]
* [[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda]]
* [[Archdiocese of Kenya]]
* [[Archdiocese of Central Africa]]
'''Missions'''
* [[Orthodox Christian Mission Center]]
* [[Syndesmos]]

==Notes==
<references group="note" />

==References==
<div><references/></div>

==Sources==
* Fr. Alexander Veronis ([[Orthodox Christian Mission Center|OCMC]]). ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=W1QiVpBKfhYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Orthodox Concepts of Evangelism and Mission].'' In: Paul Wesley Chilcote, & Laceye C. Warner (Eds.). '''The Study of Evangelism: Exploring a Missional Practice of the Church'''. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2008. pp.279-294. ISBN 9780802803917
* George P. Liacopulos. ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=xxY3gfmzdwwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Church and Society: Orthodox Christian Perspectives, Past Experiences, and Modern Challenges]''. Somerset Hall Press, 2007. 498pp.
* [[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya]]. ''Sermon at a Memorial Service for the Pioneer Missionary Rev. Archimandrite Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos, at the Church of St. Paul, Kagira, 29 December, 1993.'' '''Adventures in the Unseen, Volume 1.''' Orthodox Research Institute, 2004. pp.115-119. ISBN 9780974561851
* [http://www.mmess.gr/gardikiou.php?lang=en Holy Metropolis of Messenia]. Holy Monastery of Gardikiou.
* Stephen Hayes. ''[http://www.orthodoxytz.com/OrthodoxMission.asp Orthodox Mission in Tropical Africa].'' '''Missionalia''' (Journal of the Southern African Missiological Society).
'''Greek sources'''
* [http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%81%CF%85%CF%83%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82 Χρυσόστομος Παπασαραντόπουλος] at the Greek Wikipedia.
* Aναμνηστικός τόμος Ελληνικής Εταιρείας Ορθοδόξου Εξωτερικής Ιεραποστολής. ''Αρχιμανδρίτης Χρυσόστομος Παπασαραντόπουλος.'' Θεσσαλονίκη 1974. Επιμέλεια: Π.Δ.Παπαδημητρακόπουλου.
* Περιοδικό ''"Φως Εθνών".'' Ορθοδόξου Ιεραποστολής "Ο Πρωτόκλητος", τεύχος 114.
* Aρχιμ. Χαρίτων Πνευματικάκις. ''Στην Αφρική για το Χριστό ο Αρχιμανδρίτης Χρυσόστομος Παπασαρντόπουλος.''

==External links==
* {{el icon}} [http://ierapostoli.gr/ Πανελλήνιος Χριστιανικός Όμιλος Ορθοδόξου Ιεραποστολής] (''Orthodox Missionary Website'')

[[Category:Priests]]
[[Category:Monastics]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]
[[Category:University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]

[[el:Χρυσόστομος Παπασαραντόπουλος]]

Archdiocese of Kenya

2013-04-19T18:55:38Z

Angellight 888:

The Holy '''Archdiocese of Kenya''' is a [[diocese]] in eastern Africa under the [[jurisdiction]] of the Greek Orthodox [[Church of Alexandria|Patriarchate of Alexandria]] and All Africa. Prior to its formation in 2001, the [[archdiocese]] was part of the [[Archdiocese of Irinoupolis]].

Today, the Orthodox community of Kenya is the most numerous on the African continent, and consists of about a million parishioners out of an overall population of 35 million in the country. The Kenyan Archdiocese of the Alexandrian Patriarchate has about 200 churches, dozens of church parochial schools and a [[Orthodox Patriarchal Ecclesiastical School of Makarios III|seminary in Riruta]].<ref>''[http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=7181 Orthodox churches in Kenya are dedicated to Russian saints].'' Interfax-Religion. 21 April 2010, 12:32.</ref>

==Ruling Bishops==
* George (Gathuna) of Nitria 1973 — 1979<ref>''[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/hierarchs/alexandria/bios/bio_george_gathuna_bishop_nitria.html GEORGE (Gathuna), Bishop of Nitria].'' Orthodox Research Institute. Retrieved: 2013-04-19.</ref><ref group="note">On November 30th 1979 Bishop George (Arthur) Gathuna was defrocked, caused by what he called a problem of leadership and authority. However, the Patriarchate accused him of a lack of vision. Following his defrocking Bishop George (Arthur) Gathuna joined a schismatic group under a bishop in Greece that followed the old calendar (Metropolitan Cyprian of Oropos and Fili - [[Holy Synod in Resistance]]). Several other Orthodox Christians in Kenya followed him. On July 16, 1987, the defrocked Bishop George (Arthur) Gathuna reposed, and his burial was attended by Metropolitan Cyprianos from the Old Calendar Orthodox Church of Greece. Eventually however, the schism was healed, and on [[November 1]], 2006, Bishop George (Arthur) Gathuna of Nitria (first Bishop of Kenya and the first Kenyan Missionary to the people of Bunyore) was reinstated posthumously by Patriarch [[Theodoros II (Choreftakis) of Alexandria|Theodoros II]] and the Holy Synod of the Patriarchate of Alexandria.</ref>
* [[Irenaeus (Talambekos) of Pilousion|Irenaeus (Talambekos)]] 1994 — 1996
* [[Petros (Giakoumelos) of Aksum|Petros (Giakoumelos)]] 1996 — 1997
* [[Seraphim (Kykkotis) of Zimbabwe|Seraphim (Kykkotis)]] 1997 — 2001
* [[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya|Makarios (Tillyrides)]] 2001 — Present

==See also==
* [[Orthodox Patriarchal Ecclesiastical School of Makarios III]]
* [[Chrysostomos Papasarantopoulos]]

==Notes==
<small><references group="note" /></small>

==References==
<small><div><references/></div></small>

==Sources==
* [http://www.greekorthodox-alexandria.org/index.php?module=content&cid=004001 Patriarchate of Alexandria Archdiocese website]

==External Links==
* [[Makarios (Tillyrides) of Kenya]]. ''[http://www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org/articles/church_history/makarios_tillyrides_east_africa.htm The Origin of Orthodoxy in East Africa].'' '''Orthodox Research Institute.'''
* Amos Masaba Akunda. ''[http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/6428/thesis_akunda_am.pdf?sequence=1 Orthodox Christian dialogue with Banyore culture].'' '''Th.D.Thesis'''. University of South Africa, June 2010. 334 pages.
:<small>"Orthodox Christianity came to the Banyore people of western Kenya in 1942...I shall examine the relation between Orthodox Christianity and Banyore culture, and show how Orthodox Christianity, in dialogue with the Banyore people, became indigenised in Bunyore culture. Thus Orthodox Christians in Bunyore do not see Orthodoxy as something foreign, but as something that has become part of their own culture."</small>
* Peter Lemieux. ''[http://www.cnewa.org/mag-article-bodypg-us.aspx?articleID=3341 Kenya’s Orthodox Miracle].'' '''CNEWA'''. Vol 34:5 (September), 2008.
* ''[http://journeytoorthodoxy.com/2012/12/08/from-the-heart-of-africa/ From The Heart Of Africa: An interview with Fr. Phillip Gatari, an Orthodox priest from Kenya].'' December 8, 2012.
* Journey to Orthodoxy. ''[http://uocofusa.org/news_080117_3.html Orthodox Church in Kenya Destroyed].'' Orthodox Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA. January 17, 2008.

[[Category:Orthodoxy in Africa|Kenya]]
[[Category: Dioceses|Kenya]]
[[Category: Alexandria Patriarchate Dioceses|Kenya]]

Ieronymos (Muzeeyi) of Mwanza

2013-04-19T18:39:46Z

Angellight 888: add image, link;

[[File:Mwanza.png|right|thumb|His Eminence Ieronymos Metropolitan of Mwanza]]
His Eminence, the Most Reverend '''Ieronymos of Mwanza''' is [[Metropolitan]] of the [[Archdiocese of Mwanza]], part of the Greek Orthodox [[Church of Alexandria|Patriarchate of Alexandria]] and All Africa.

==Life==
His Eminence Ieronymos was born on [[March 18]], 1963 in Bulopa, Busoga, [[Uganda]]. He studied Theology at the University of Athens between 1986 and 1991. He continued with his post-graduate studies in [[Canon law|Canon Law]] also at the University of Athens from 1992 to 1996.

He was [[ordination|ordained]] [[deacon]] and [[priest]] during 1996. During 1996 and 1997, he served as [[Vicar]] General in the [[Archdiocese of Kampala and All Uganda|Archdiocese of Kampala]] followed by serving in the same position at the [[Diocese of Bukoba]] in Tanzania during 1997 through 1999. He was [[consecration of a bishop|consecrated]] Bishop of Bukoba on [[November 23]], 1999, and then was elevated to Metropolitan of the [[Archdiocese]] of Mwanza on [[November 23]], 2007.

{{start box}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Bishop of Bukoba, Tanzania|
years=1999-2007|
after=?}}
{{succession|
before=?|
title=Archbishop of Mwanza|
years=2007-Present|
after=—}}
{{end box}}

==Source==
*[http://www.patriarchateofalexandria.com/index.php?module=content&cid=004001 Patriarchate of Alexandria Archdiocese website: Holy Archdiocese of Mwanza]

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:20th-21st-century bishops]]
[[Category:University of Athens Theology School Graduates]]