https://orthodoxwiki.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=KadyloOrthodoxWiki - User contributions [en]2026-10-28T08:44:27ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.11https://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Seraphim_(Storheim)_of_Ottawa&diff=95509Seraphim (Storheim) of Ottawa2010-10-05T13:41:02Z<p>Kadylo: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Abp_seraphim.jpg|right|frame|Archbishop Seraphim]]His Eminence, the Most Reverend '''Seraphim (Storheim), Archbishop of Ottawa and Canada''' is the ruling [[bishop]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]]'s [[Archdiocese of Canada (OCA)|Archdiocese of Canada]], secretary to the [[holy synod]], and Chair of the Church's Department of External Affairs. Archbishop Seraphim also has the distinction of being the first Canadian to be [[ordination|consecrated to the episcopacy]] within the OCA. He is currently on a leave of absence effective October 1, 2010.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Abp. Seraphim was born Kenneth William Storheim in Edmonton, Alberta on [[January 25]], 1946, of Norwegian and Scottish parents, and was raised in the Lutheran church. <br />
<br />
Receiving his undergraduate degree from the University of Alberta, Seraphim also studied at the Vancouver School of Theology in Vancouver, British Columbia. A former Anglican [[rector]] and accomplished musician, he was received into the Orthodox Church in 1978, accepting as his heavenly patron St. [[Seraphim of Sarov]]. He then attended [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]] in Crestwood, New York, where he graduated and received the Master of Theology degree in 1981. <br />
<br />
Prior to his consecration to the episcopacy, His Eminence lived at [[New Valamo|New Valaam]] monastery in Finland, and served as a [[parish]] [[priest]] in communities throughout the United States and Canada.<br />
<br />
He was consecrated [[auxiliary bishop]] of Edmonton in 1987, and became ruling bishop of the [[archdiocese]] in 1990. He was elevated to the rank of [[archbishop]] at the Spring 2007 meeting of the OCA's Holy Synod.<br />
<br />
As secretary of the Holy Synod of the OCA, His Eminence has served in a number of administrative capacities for the holy synod, and has also travelled extensively in Russia, Ukraine, the Middle East, and throughout Europe.<br />
<br />
Although often on the road visiting the many and far-flung communities of the Archdiocese, as well as representing the OCA internationally, Abp. Seraphim's residence is an hour south of Ottawa, near Johnstown, at the Archdiocesan Centre, Fair Haven.<br />
<br />
On [[September 4]], 2008, following the retirement of Metropolitan Herman due to ill health (and pending back surgery), the Holy Synod of the OCA named Abp. Seraphim the administrator of the Metropolitan’s [[See]] and to assist His Eminence, [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri]] who was appointed the ''[[locum tenens]]''. <br />
<br />
In late September 2010 the Lesser Synod meeting in Oyster Bay Cove, NY heard a report that Canadian police were investigating a complaint of sexual misconduct against Archbishop Seraphim. This act was alleged to have taken place thirty years prior when Archbishop Seraphim was a priest in Winnipeg. He was placed on a three-month leave of absence as the investigation continued and his episcopal responsibilities were being managed by Bishop Irenee.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Archdiocese of Canada (OCA)]]<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
* [http://archdiocese.ca Archdiocese of Canada] (Official Site)<br />
* [http://www.archdiocese.ca/e_bishop/archbishop.htm Official biography]<br />
* [http://www.archdiocese.ca/archivesbishops.htm List of Bishops of Canada]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
title=Archbishop of Edmonton<br>([[OCA]])|<br />
before=Joasph (Antoniuk)|<br />
years=1987-1990|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
title=Archbishop of Ottawa<br>([[OCA]])|<br />
before=[[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]]<br><b><i>locum tenens</i></b>|<br />
years=1990-present|<br />
after=&mdash;}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Edmonton]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Ottawa]]<br />
[[Category: St. Vladimir's Seminary Graduates]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Seraphim_(Storheim)_of_Ottawa&diff=95508Seraphim (Storheim) of Ottawa2010-10-05T13:37:35Z<p>Kadylo: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Abp_seraphim.jpg|right|frame|Archbishop Seraphim]]His Eminence, the Most Reverend '''Seraphim (Storheim), Archbishop of Ottawa and Canada''' is the ruling [[bishop]] of the [[Orthodox Church in America]]'s [[Archdiocese of Canada (OCA)|Archdiocese of Canada]], secretary to the [[holy synod]], and Chair of the Church's Department of External Affairs. Archbishop Seraphim also has the distinction of being the first Canadian to be [[ordination|consecrated to the episcopacy]] within the OCA.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Abp. Seraphim was born Kenneth William Storheim in Edmonton, Alberta on [[January 25]], 1946, of Norwegian and Scottish parents, and was raised in the Lutheran church. <br />
<br />
Receiving his undergraduate degree from the University of Alberta, Seraphim also studied at the Vancouver School of Theology in Vancouver, British Columbia. A former Anglican [[rector]] and accomplished musician, he was received into the Orthodox Church in 1978, accepting as his heavenly patron St. [[Seraphim of Sarov]]. He then attended [[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)|St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary]] in Crestwood, New York, where he graduated and received the Master of Theology degree in 1981. <br />
<br />
Prior to his consecration to the episcopacy, His Eminence lived at [[New Valamo|New Valaam]] monastery in Finland, and served as a [[parish]] [[priest]] in communities throughout the United States and Canada.<br />
<br />
He was consecrated [[auxiliary bishop]] of Edmonton in 1987, and became ruling bishop of the [[archdiocese]] in 1990. He was elevated to the rank of [[archbishop]] at the Spring 2007 meeting of the OCA's Holy Synod.<br />
<br />
As secretary of the Holy Synod of the OCA, His Eminence has served in a number of administrative capacities for the holy synod, and has also travelled extensively in Russia, Ukraine, the Middle East, and throughout Europe.<br />
<br />
Although often on the road visiting the many and far-flung communities of the Archdiocese, as well as representing the OCA internationally, Abp. Seraphim's residence is an hour south of Ottawa, near Johnstown, at the Archdiocesan Centre, Fair Haven.<br />
<br />
On [[September 4]], 2008, following the retirement of Metropolitan Herman due to ill health (and pending back surgery), the Holy Synod of the OCA named Abp. Seraphim the administrator of the Metropolitan’s [[See]] and to assist His Eminence, [[Dmitri (Royster) of Dallas|Dmitri]] who was appointed the ''[[locum tenens]]''. <br />
<br />
In late September 2010 the Lesser Synod meeting in Oyster Bay Cove, NY heard a report that Canadian police were investigating a complaint of sexual misconduct against Archbishop Seraphim. This act was alleged to have taken place thirty years prior when Archbishop Seraphim was a priest in Winnipeg. He was placed on a three-month leave of absence as the investigation continued and his episcopal responsibilities were being managed by Bishop Irenee.<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Archdiocese of Canada (OCA)]]<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
* [http://archdiocese.ca Archdiocese of Canada] (Official Site)<br />
* [http://www.archdiocese.ca/e_bishop/archbishop.htm Official biography]<br />
* [http://www.archdiocese.ca/archivesbishops.htm List of Bishops of Canada]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{start box}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
title=Archbishop of Edmonton<br>([[OCA]])|<br />
before=Joasph (Antoniuk)|<br />
years=1987-1990|<br />
after=?}}<br />
{{succession|<br />
title=Archbishop of Ottawa<br>([[OCA]])|<br />
before=[[Theodosius (Lazor) of Washington|Theodosius (Lazor)]]<br><b><i>locum tenens</i></b>|<br />
years=1990-present|<br />
after=&mdash;}}<br />
{{end box}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bishops]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Edmonton]]<br />
[[Category:Bishops of Ottawa]]<br />
[[Category: St. Vladimir's Seminary Graduates]]<br />
[[Category:Converts to Orthodox Christianity]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&diff=80431Union of Brest2009-01-27T00:05:04Z<p>Kadylo: /* Background */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Union of Brest''' refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the ([[Eastern Catholic Churches|Ruthenian]]) Church of Rus', the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus', to break relations with the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] and place itself under the [[Roman Catholic Church|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia|Patriarch of Moscow]]. At the time, this church included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it had lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.<br />
<br />
The union was strongly supported by the king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, Sigismund III Vasa, but opposed by some [[bishop]]s and prominent nobles of Rus' and perhaps most importantly by the nascent Cossack movement for Ukrainian self-rule. The result was "Rus' fighting against Rus'" and the splitting of the Church of Rus' into Greek Catholic and Orthodox jurisdictions.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{style}}<br />
A large area in the southwest of the Rusyn Empire became absorbed by Lithuania and Poland after the destruction of Kievan power by the Tartars. This southwestern part of Rus was known as either Little Rus' which in Latin became Ruthenia; this is the territory that is present day Ukraine. In 1386, the kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania were united under a single ruler. The monarch of the united realm was Roman Catholic, and a substantial minority of the population were Russian and Orthodox. These Orthodox were in a difficult situation because the Patriarch of Constantinople, to whose [[jurisdiction]] they belonged, could exercise no control in Poland, as the former Byzantine capital had fallen to the Muslim Turks. The bishops were appointed not by the Church but by the Roman Catholic king of Poland. <br />
<br />
The authorities in Poland always tried to make the Orthodox submit to the pope to reunify Christianity. With the arrival of the Jesuits in 1564, pressure on the Orthodox increased. The state of the Ruthenian Church was poor; clergy were uneducated and the bishops were without the funds they needed to properly run the Church. Many priests were ordained without basic training and new rites were developing that were neither Latin nor Greek in their character. Constantinople was now under Muslim rule and Moscow had recently been elevated to a Patriarchate. The Ruthenian bishops were stuck between a population converting to Roman Catholicism on the West and a rising Muscovite force in the East. <br />
<br />
At this synod six out of eight Orthodox bishops &mdash; including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza &mdash; supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and eastern Poland (Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the union was a betrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the Empire, including the Greek-Catholics. In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes II of Jerusalem arrived in Kiev and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the Ruthenian Church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from this point onwards.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* ''The Orthodox Church'', 2nd ed., by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 wikipedia]<br />
[[Category:Church History]]<br />
<br />
==For Further Information==<br />
* <I> Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest </I> by Borys A. Gudziak. Harvard University Press, 2001. (ISBN 0-916458-92-X)<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
* [http://jbburnett.com/resources/union-of-brest.html Articles of the Union of Brest]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&diff=80430Union of Brest2009-01-27T00:03:40Z<p>Kadylo: /* Background */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Union of Brest''' refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the ([[Eastern Catholic Churches|Ruthenian]]) Church of Rus', the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus', to break relations with the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] and place itself under the [[Roman Catholic Church|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia|Patriarch of Moscow]]. At the time, this church included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it had lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.<br />
<br />
The union was strongly supported by the king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, Sigismund III Vasa, but opposed by some [[bishop]]s and prominent nobles of Rus' and perhaps most importantly by the nascent Cossack movement for Ukrainian self-rule. The result was "Rus' fighting against Rus'" and the splitting of the Church of Rus' into Greek Catholic and Orthodox jurisdictions.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{style}}<br />
A large area in the southwest of the Rusyn Empire became absorbed by Lithuania and Poland after the destruction of Kievan power by the Tartars. This southwestern part of Rus was known as either Little Rus' which in Latin became Ruthenia; this is the territory that is present day Ukraine. In 1386, the kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania were united under a single ruler. The monarch of the united realm was Roman Catholic, and a substantial minority of the population were Russian and Orthodox. These Orthodox were in a difficult situation because the Patriarch of Constantinople, to whose [[jurisdiction]] they belonged, could exercise no control in Poland, as the former Byzantine capital had fallen to the Muslim Turks. The bishops were appointed not by the Church but by the Roman Catholic king of Poland. <br />
<br />
The authorities in Poland always tried to make the Orthodox submit to the pope to reunify Christianity. With the arrival of the Jesuits in 1564, pressure on the Orthodox increased. The state of the Ruthenian Church was poor; clergy were uneducated and the bishops were without the funds they needed to properly run the Church. Many priests were ordained without basic training and new rites were developing that were neither Latin nor Greek in their character. Constantinople was now under Muslim rule and Moscow had recently been elevated to a Patriarchate. The Ruthenian bishops were stuck between a population converting to Roman Catholicism on the West and a rising Muscovite force in the East. <br />
<br />
At this synod six out of eight Orthodox bishops &mdash; including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza &mdash; supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and Eastern Poland (Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the Union was a bretrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the Empire, including the Greek-Catholics. In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes II of Jerusalem arrived in Kiev and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the Ruthenian Church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from this point onwards.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* ''The Orthodox Church'', 2nd ed., by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 wikipedia]<br />
[[Category:Church History]]<br />
<br />
==For Further Information==<br />
* <I> Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest </I> by Borys A. Gudziak. Harvard University Press, 2001. (ISBN 0-916458-92-X)<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
* [http://jbburnett.com/resources/union-of-brest.html Articles of the Union of Brest]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&diff=80429Union of Brest2009-01-26T23:58:14Z<p>Kadylo: /* Background */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Union of Brest''' refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the ([[Eastern Catholic Churches|Ruthenian]]) Church of Rus', the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus', to break relations with the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] and place itself under the [[Roman Catholic Church|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia|Patriarch of Moscow]]. At the time, this church included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it had lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.<br />
<br />
The union was strongly supported by the king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, Sigismund III Vasa, but opposed by some [[bishop]]s and prominent nobles of Rus' and perhaps most importantly by the nascent Cossack movement for Ukrainian self-rule. The result was "Rus' fighting against Rus'" and the splitting of the Church of Rus' into Greek Catholic and Orthodox jurisdictions.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{style}}<br />
A large area in the southwest of Russia became absorbed by Lithuania and Poland after the destruction of Kievan power by the Tartars. This southwestern part of Russia was commonly known as Rus which in Latin became Ruthenia; this is the territory that is present day Ukraine. In 1386, the kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania were united under a single ruler. The monarch of the united realm was Roman Catholic, and a substantial minority of the population were Russian and Orthodox. These Orthodox were in a difficult situation because the Patriarch of Constantinople, to whose [[jurisdiction]] they belonged, could exercise no control in Poland, as the former Byzantine capital had fallen to the Muslim Turks. The bishops were appointed not by the Church but by the Roman Catholic king of Poland. <br />
<br />
The authorities in Poland always tried to make the Orthodox submit to the pope to reunify Christianity. With the arrival of the Jesuits in 1564, pressure on the Orthodox increased. The state of the Ruthenian Church was poor; clergy were uneducated and the bishops were without the funds they needed to properly run the Church. Many priests were ordained without basic training and new rites were developing that were neither Latin nor Greek in their character. Constantinople was now under Muslim rule and Moscow had recently been elevated to a Patriarchate. The Ruthenian bishops were stuck between a population converting to Roman Catholicism on the West and a rising Muscovite force in the East. <br />
<br />
At this synod six out of eight Orthodox bishops &mdash; including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza &mdash; supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and Eastern Poland (Lviv, Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the Union was a bretrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the Empire, including the Greek-Catholics. In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes II of Jerusalem arrived in Kiev and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the Ruthenian Church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from this point onwards.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* ''The Orthodox Church'', 2nd ed., by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 wikipedia]<br />
[[Category:Church History]]<br />
<br />
==For Further Information==<br />
* <I> Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest </I> by Borys A. Gudziak. Harvard University Press, 2001. (ISBN 0-916458-92-X)<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
* [http://jbburnett.com/resources/union-of-brest.html Articles of the Union of Brest]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&diff=80428Union of Brest2009-01-26T23:56:14Z<p>Kadylo: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Union of Brest''' refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the ([[Eastern Catholic Churches|Ruthenian]]) Church of Rus', the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus', to break relations with the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] and place itself under the [[Roman Catholic Church|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia|Patriarch of Moscow]]. At the time, this church included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it had lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.<br />
<br />
The union was strongly supported by the king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, Sigismund III Vasa, but opposed by some [[bishop]]s and prominent nobles of Rus' and perhaps most importantly by the nascent Cossack movement for Ukrainian self-rule. The result was "Rus' fighting against Rus'" and the splitting of the Church of Rus' into Greek Catholic and Orthodox jurisdictions.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{style}}<br />
A large area in the southwest of Russia became absorbed by Lithuania and Poland after the destruction of Kievan power by the Tartars. This southwestern part of Russia was commonly known as Rus which in Latin became Ruthenia; this is the territory that is present day Ukraine. In 1386, the kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania were united under a single ruler. The monarch of the united realm was Roman Catholic, and a substantial minority of the population were Russian and Orthodox. These Orthodox were in a difficult situation because the Patriarch of Constantinople, to whose [[jurisdiction]] they belonged, could exercise no control in Poland, as the former Byzantine capital had fallen to the Muslim Turks. The bishops were appointed not by the Church but by the Roman Catholic king of Poland. <br />
<br />
The authorities in Poland always tried to make the Orthodox submit to the pope to reunify Christianity. With the arrival of the Jesuits in 1564, pressure on the Orthodox increased. The state of the Ruthenian Church was poor; clergy were uneducated and the bishops were without the funds they needed to properly run the Church. Many priests were ordained without basic training and new rites were developing that were neither Latin nor Greek in their character. Constantinople was now under Muslim rule and Moscow had recently been elevated to a Patriarchate. The Ruthenian bishops were stuck between a population converting to Roman Catholicism on the West and a rising Muscovite force in the East. <br />
<br />
At this synod six out of eight Orthodox bishops &mdash; including the Metropolitan of Kyiv, Michael Ragoza &mdash; supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and Eastern Poland (Lviv', Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the Union was a bretrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the Empire, including the Greek-Catholics. In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes II of Jerusalem arrived in Kyiv and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the Ruthenian Church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from this point onwards.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* ''The Orthodox Church'', 2nd ed., by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 wikipedia]<br />
[[Category:Church History]]<br />
<br />
==For Further Information==<br />
* <I> Crisis and Reform: The Kyivan Metropolinate, the Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Genesis of the Union of Brest </I> by Borys A. Gudziak. Harvard University Press, 2001. (ISBN 0-916458-92-X)<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
<br />
* [http://jbburnett.com/resources/union-of-brest.html Articles of the Union of Brest]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&diff=80425Union of Brest2009-01-26T23:51:57Z<p>Kadylo: /* Background */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Union of Brest''' refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the ([[Eastern Catholic Churches|Ruthenian]]) Church of Rus', the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus', to break relations with the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] and place itself under the [[Roman Catholic Church|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia|Patriarch of Moscow]]. At the time, this church included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it had lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.<br />
<br />
The union was strongly supported by the king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, Sigismund III Vasa, but opposed by some [[bishop]]s and prominent nobles of Rus' and perhaps most importantly by the nascent Cossack movement for Ukrainian self-rule. The result was "Rus' fighting against Rus'" and the splitting of the Church of Rus' into Greek Catholic &mdash; also known as Uniate &mdash; and Orthodox jurisdictions.<br />
<br />
==Background==<br />
{{style}}<br />
A large area in the southwest of Russia became absorbed by Lithuania and Poland after the destruction of Kievan power by the Tartars. This southwestern part of Russia was commonly known as Rus which in Latin became Ruthenia; this is the territory that is present day Ukraine. In 1386, the kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania were united under a single ruler. The monarch of the united realm was Roman Catholic, and a substantial minority of the population were Russian and Orthodox. These Orthodox were in a difficult situation because the Patriarch of Constantinople, to whose [[jurisdiction]] they belonged, could exercise no control in Poland, as the former Byzantine capital had fallen to the Muslim Turks. The bishops were appointed not by the Church but by the Roman Catholic king of Poland. <br />
<br />
The authorities in Poland always tried to make the Orthodox submit to the pope to reunify Christianity. With the arrival of the Jesuits in 1564, pressure on the Orthodox increased. The state of the Ruthenian Church was poor; clergy were uneducated and the bishops were without the funds they needed to properly run the Church. Many priests were ordained without basic training and new rites were developing that were neither Latin nor Greek in their character. Constantinople was now under Muslim rule and Moscow had recently been elevated to a Patriarchate. The Ruthenian bishops were stuck between a population converting to Roman Catholicism on the West and a rising Muscovite force in the East. <br />
<br />
At this synod six out of eight Orthodox bishops &mdash; including the Metropolitan of Kyiv, Michael Ragoza &mdash; supported the union, but the remaining three bishops from the extreme west of Ukraine and Eastern Poland (Lviv', Lutsk, and Przemyśl) would not join the union until later (1700, 1702, and 1693 respectively). The Cossack forces of Ukraine felt the Union was a bretrayal to the Polish rulers and united with the Russian Empire to fight against Poland and all who supported the Empire, including the Greek-Catholics. In 1620 Patrarch Theophanes II of Jerusalem arrived in Kyiv and ordained an Orthodox hierarchy for the Ruthenian Church and thus there emerged a situation of both Orthodox and Eastern Catholic bishops coexisting in the same territory in Ukraine from this point onwards.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* ''The Orthodox Church'' by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 wikipedia]<br />
[[Category:Church History]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&diff=80409Union of Brest2009-01-26T21:08:04Z<p>Kadylo: /* Background */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Union of Brest''' refers to the 1595-1596 decision of the ([[Eastern Catholic Churches|Ruthenian]]) Church of Rus', the Metropolia of Kiev-Halych and all Rus', to break relations with the [[Church of Constantinople|Patriarch of Constantinople]] and place itself under the [[Roman Catholic Church|Pope of Rome]] in order to avoid being ruled by the newly established [[Church of Russia|Patriarch of Moscow]]. At the time, this church included most Ukrainians and Belarusians, under the rule of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The [[hierarch]]s of the Kievan church gathered in [[synod]] in the city of Brest to compose the union's 33 articles, which were then accepted by the [[Roman Catholic]] pope. At first widely successful, within several decades it had lost much of its initial support. In Austrian Galicia, however, the church fared well and remains strong to this day, most notably in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.<br />
<br />
The union was strongly supported by the king of Poland and grand duke of Lithuania, Sigismund III Vasa, but opposed by some [[bishop]]s and prominent nobles of Rus' and perhaps most importantly by the nascent Cossack movement for Ukrainian self-rule. The result was "Rus' fighting against Rus'" and the splitting of the Church of Rus' into Greek Catholic &mdash; also known as Uniate &mdash; and Orthodox jurisdictions.<br />
<br />
==Background== <br />
A large area in the southwest of Russia became absorbed by Lithuania and Poland after the destruction of Kievan power by the Tartars. This southwestern part of Russia was commonly known as Little Russia or the Ukraine. In 1386, the kingdoms of Poland and Lithuania were united under a single ruler. The monarch of the united realm was Roman Catholic, and a substantial minority of the population were Russian and Orthodox. These Orthodox were in a tight spot because the Patriarch of Constantinople, to whose [[jurisdiction]] they belonged, could exercise no control in Poland especially since it had fallen to the Arabs. The bishops were appointed not by the Church but by the Roman Catholic king of Poland. <br />
<br />
The authorities in Poland always tried to make the Orthodox submit to the pope to reunify Christianity. With the arrival of the Jesuits in 1564, pressure on the Orthodox increased. Secret negotiations with the Orthodox bishops, the nominees of Roman Catholic monarchs, were used to "unite" them with Rome without the faithful’s knowledge. But instead it led to a council being summoned at Brest-Litovsk to proclaim the union with Rome publicly. <br />
<br />
At this synod six out of eight Orthodox bishops &mdash; including the Metropolitan of Kiev, Michael Ragoza &mdash; supported the union, but the remaining two bishops, together with a large number of the delegates from the [[monastery|monasteries]] and from the [[parish]] [[clergy]], desired to remain members of the Orthodox Church. The two sides concluded by excommunicating and anathematizing one another. <br />
<br />
The government recognized only the decisions of the Roman party at the Council of Brest, so, from their point of view, the Orthodox Church in Poland had now ceased to exist. Against the wishes of both the monks and the congregations, monasteries and churches were forcibly seized and given to the Uniates.<br />
<br />
This attempt for the unity of Christendom backfired, and the Union of Brest has further embittered relations between Orthodoxy and Rome from 1596 until the present day. The main sore point is that, from the Orthodox point of view, the Jesuits began their quest for union through deceit and then resorted to violence.<br />
<br />
==Sources==<br />
* ''The Orthodox Church'' by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia|Kallistos Ware]]<br />
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Brest&oldid=135869483 wikipedia]<br />
[[Category:Church History]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80408Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T21:04:50Z<p>Kadylo: /* Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
<br />
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kyiv Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
<br />
Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
<br />
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
These Orthodox churches have frequently maintained good relations with the UOC-KP. As an example, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada uses the UOC-KP's liturgical books as their official Ukrainian translations. [http://uocc.ca/pdf/documents/Blessing%20of%20Books.PDF] However, tensions have emerged recently with the expansion of UOC-KP parishes into North America outside of the jurisdictions of the already standing UOC.[http://saveouruoc.com/frontpage.html][http://www.saveouruoc.com/coopercity.html] There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are numerous splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://uaoc.org/ Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church of North and South America and the Diaspora], official website (English, Ukrainian, Spanish)<br />
*[http://www.uaocamerica.org/ Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church of America], official website (English)<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church], official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.uocc.ca/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada], official website (English, Ukrainian)<br />
*[http://www.uocofusa.org/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the United States of America], official website (English, Ukrainian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80407Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T21:02:59Z<p>Kadylo: /* Ukrainian Orthodox divisions */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
<br />
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kyiv Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
<br />
Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
<br />
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
These Orthodox churches have frequently maintained good relations with the UOC-KP. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada uses the UOC-KP's liturgical books as their official translations. [http://uocc.ca/pdf/documents/Blessing%20of%20Books.PDF] However, tensions have emerged recently with the expansion of UOC-KP parishes into North America outside of the jurisdictions of the already standing UOC.[http://saveouruoc.com/frontpage.html][http://www.saveouruoc.com/coopercity.html] There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://uaoc.org/ Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church of North and South America and the Diaspora], official website (English, Ukrainian, Spanish)<br />
*[http://www.uaocamerica.org/ Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church of America], official website (English)<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church], official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.uocc.ca/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada], official website (English, Ukrainian)<br />
*[http://www.uocofusa.org/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the United States of America], official website (English, Ukrainian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80406Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T21:01:45Z<p>Kadylo: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Other Unions===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II) and the Post-Council Period===<br />
<br />
Orientalium Ecclesiarium, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, was promulgated at the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. This decree instructs Eastern Catholics to "preserve their legitimate liturgical rite" and was in many ways a move away from previous episodes of open Latinizations. The Eastern liturgical traditions, at this time often heavily Latinized, was affirmed by the Council. In situations where the Eastern Tradition was lost, it was to be reclaimed. An example of this is the practice of infant Chrismation and communion and the singing of the Divine Office (i.e. Vespers and Matins) which, largely lost in many Eastern Catholic Churches, was slowly reclaimed after the council. <br />
<br />
The rights and privilages of Eastern Catholic patriarchs were also emphasized in this document. The Synod as a form of government is given specific autonomous powers to, depending on the Church and territory in question, establish eparchies (dioceses) and exarchates, nominate and transfer bishops, and to legislate other items such as the date for Easter, appropriate liturgical texts, and the formation of clerics.<br />
<br />
The document also discusses issues pertaining to the Orthodox Church. Eastern Christians are exhorted to recognize their role in ecumenism and to remain faithful to their liturgical traditions as an example. Eastern Orthodox clerics that enter into communion with the Roman See have recognied orders and are to be incorporated into their corresponding Eastern Catholic Church. (i.e. a Ukrainian Orthodox clergyman in Canada would be received into the Ukrainian Catholic Church and not into the Latin Church or another Eastern Catholic church) The document also controversially gives permission for Orthodox Christians to receive the sacraments in Catholic churches (Eastern or Western) without impediment. <br />
<br />
It has been received in different degrees depending on the Church in question. Generally, however, Eastern Catholic Churches have slowly begun to reduce Latinizations and practice their Eastern Tradition. This is especially true among younger clergy who have not attended Roman seminaries and are educated in their Tradition. These rights were formally legislated in the 1990 [http://www.ulrichrhode.de/kanon/cceo_e.html Eastern Code of Canon Law] and the 1996 [http://www.byzcath.org/faith/documents/instruction.htm Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]. <br />
<br />
The text of the document is available at: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html The Decree on the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite]<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft SJ (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <I>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
* <I>The Eastern Catholic Churches - A Brief Survey</I> by Ronald Roberson CSP. Reproduced online with permission at the [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=3 Catholic Near East Welfare Association] (ISBN 978-88-7210-359-2)<br />
* <I>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ustpaul.ca/Sheptytsky/index.htm Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky Institute for Eastern Christian Studies] at St. Paul University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church] Irving, TX<br />
*[http://www.saintelias.com/ca/index.php Saint Elias Ukrainian Catholic Church] Brampton, ON, Canada<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80404Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T21:00:05Z<p>Kadylo: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
Orientalium Ecclesiarium, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, was promulgated at the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. This decree instructs Eastern Catholics to "preserve their legitimate liturgical rite" and was in many ways a move away from previous episodes of open Latinizations. The Eastern liturgical traditions, at this time often heavily Latinized, was affirmed by the Council. In situations where the Eastern Tradition was lost, it was to be reclaimed. An example of this is the practice of infant Chrismation and communion and the singing of the Divine Office (i.e. Vespers and Matins) which, largely lost in many Eastern Catholic Churches, was slowly reclaimed after the council. <br />
<br />
The rights and privilages of Eastern Catholic patriarchs were also emphasized in this document. The Synod as a form of government is given specific autonomous powers to, depending on the Church and territory in question, establish eparchies (dioceses) and exarchates, nominate and transfer bishops, and to legislate other items such as the date for Easter, appropriate liturgical texts, and the formation of clerics.<br />
<br />
The document also discusses issues pertaining to the Orthodox Church. Eastern Christians are exhorted to recognize their role in ecumenism and to remain faithful to their liturgical traditions as an example. Eastern Orthodox clerics that enter into communion with the Roman See have recognied orders and are to be incorporated into their corresponding Eastern Catholic Church. (i.e. a Ukrainian Orthodox clergyman in Canada would be received into the Ukrainian Catholic Church and not into the Latin Church or another Eastern Catholic church) The document also controversially gives permission for Orthodox Christians to receive the sacraments in Catholic churches (Eastern or Western) without impediment. <br />
<br />
It has been received in different degrees depending on the Church in question. Generally, however, Eastern Catholic Churches have slowly begun to reduce Latinizations and practice their Eastern Tradition. This is especially true among younger clergy who have not attended Roman seminaries and are educated in their Tradition. These rights were formally legislated in the 1990 [http://www.ulrichrhode.de/kanon/cceo_e.html Eastern Code of Canon Law] and the 1996 [http://www.byzcath.org/faith/documents/instruction.htm Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]. <br />
<br />
The text of the document is available at: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html The Decree on the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite]<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft SJ (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <I>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
* <I>The Eastern Catholic Churches - A Brief Survey</I> by Ronald Roberson CSP. Reproduced online with permission at the [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=3 Catholic Near East Welfare Association] (ISBN 978-88-7210-359-2)<br />
* <I>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ustpaul.ca/Sheptytsky/index.htm Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky Institute for Eastern Christian Studies] at St. Paul University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church] Irving, TX<br />
*[http://www.saintelias.com/ca/index.php Saint Elias Ukrainian Catholic Church] Brampton, ON, Canada<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80403Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T20:59:27Z<p>Kadylo: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
Orientalium Ecclesiarium, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, was promulgated at the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. This decree instructs Eastern Catholics to "preserve their legitimate liturgical rite" and was in many ways a move away from previous episodes of open Latinizations. The Eastern liturgical traditions, at this time often heavily Latinized, was affirmed by the Council. In situations where the Eastern Tradition was lost, it was to be reclaimed. An example of this is the practice of infant Chrismation and communion and the singing of the Divine Office (i.e. Vespers and Matins) which, largely lost in many Eastern Catholic Churches, was slowly reclaimed after the council. <br />
<br />
The rights and privilages of Eastern Catholic patriarchs were also emphasized in this document. The Synod as a form of government is given specific autonomous powers to, depending on the Church and territory in question, establish eparchies (dioceses) and exarchates, nominate and transfer bishops, and to legislate other items such as the date for Easter, appropriate liturgical texts, and the formation of clerics.<br />
<br />
The document also discusses issues pertaining to the Orthodox Church. Eastern Christians are exhorted to recognize their role in ecumenism and to remain faithful to their liturgical traditions as an example. Eastern Orthodox clerics that enter into communion with the Roman See have recognied orders and are to be incorporated into their corresponding Eastern Catholic Church. (i.e. a Ukrainian Orthodox clergyman in Canada would be received into the Ukrainian Catholic Church and not into the Latin Church or another Eastern Catholic church) The document also controversially gives permission for Orthodox Christians to receive the sacraments in Catholic churches (Eastern or Western) without impediment. <br />
<br />
It has been received in different degrees depending on the Church in question. Generally, however, Eastern Catholic Churches have slowly begun to reduce Latinizations and practice their Eastern Tradition. This is especially true among younger clergy who have not attended Roman seminaries and are educated in their Tradition. These rights were formally legislated in the 1990 [http://www.ulrichrhode.de/kanon/cceo_e.html Eastern Code of Canon Law] and the 1996 [http://www.byzcath.org/faith/documents/instruction.htm Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]. <br />
<br />
The text of the document is available at: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html The Decree on the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite]<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft SJ (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <I>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
* <I>The Eastern Catholic Churches - A Brief Survey</I> by Ronald Roberson CSP. Reproduced online with permission at the [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=3 Catholic Near East Welfare Association] (ISBN 978-88-7210-359-2)<br />
* <I>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.ustpaul.ca/Sheptytsky/index.htm Metropolitan Andrei Sheptytsky Institute for Eastern Christian Studies] at St. Paul University in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church, Irving, TX]<br />
*[http://www.saintelias.com/ca/index.php Saint Elias Ukrainian Catholic Churhc, Brampton ON Canada]<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80402Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T20:56:13Z<p>Kadylo: /* For More Information */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
Orientalium Ecclesiarium, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, was promulgated at the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. This decree instructs Eastern Catholics to "preserve their legitimate liturgical rite" and was in many ways a move away from previous episodes of open Latinizations. The Eastern liturgical traditions, at this time often heavily Latinized, was affirmed by the Council. In situations where the Eastern Tradition was lost, it was to be reclaimed. An example of this is the practice of infant Chrismation and communion and the singing of the Divine Office (i.e. Vespers and Matins) which, largely lost in many Eastern Catholic Churches, was slowly reclaimed after the council. <br />
<br />
The rights and privilages of Eastern Catholic patriarchs were also emphasized in this document. The Synod as a form of government is given specific autonomous powers to, depending on the Church and territory in question, establish eparchies (dioceses) and exarchates, nominate and transfer bishops, and to legislate other items such as the date for Easter, appropriate liturgical texts, and the formation of clerics.<br />
<br />
The document also discusses issues pertaining to the Orthodox Church. Eastern Christians are exhorted to recognize their role in ecumenism and to remain faithful to their liturgical traditions as an example. Eastern Orthodox clerics that enter into communion with the Roman See have recognied orders and are to be incorporated into their corresponding Eastern Catholic Church. (i.e. a Ukrainian Orthodox clergyman in Canada would be received into the Ukrainian Catholic Church and not into the Latin Church or another Eastern Catholic church) The document also controversially gives permission for Orthodox Christians to receive the sacraments in Catholic churches (Eastern or Western) without impediment. <br />
<br />
It has been received in different degrees depending on the Church in question. Generally, however, Eastern Catholic Churches have slowly begun to reduce Latinizations and practice their Eastern Tradition. This is especially true among younger clergy who have not attended Roman seminaries and are educated in their Tradition. These rights were formally legislated in the 1990 [http://www.ulrichrhode.de/kanon/cceo_e.html Eastern Code of Canon Law] and the 1996 [http://www.byzcath.org/faith/documents/instruction.htm Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]. <br />
<br />
The text of the document is available at: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html The Decree on the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite]<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft SJ (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <I>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
* <I>The Eastern Catholic Churches - A Brief Survey</I> by Ronald Roberson CSP. Reproduced online with permission at the [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=3 Catholic Near East Welfare Association] (ISBN 978-88-7210-359-2)<br />
* <I>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church, Irving, TX]<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80401Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T20:55:14Z<p>Kadylo: /* For More Information */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
Orientalium Ecclesiarium, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, was promulgated at the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. This decree instructs Eastern Catholics to "preserve their legitimate liturgical rite" and was in many ways a move away from previous episodes of open Latinizations. The Eastern liturgical traditions, at this time often heavily Latinized, was affirmed by the Council. In situations where the Eastern Tradition was lost, it was to be reclaimed. An example of this is the practice of infant Chrismation and communion and the singing of the Divine Office (i.e. Vespers and Matins) which, largely lost in many Eastern Catholic Churches, was slowly reclaimed after the council. <br />
<br />
The rights and privilages of Eastern Catholic patriarchs were also emphasized in this document. The Synod as a form of government is given specific autonomous powers to, depending on the Church and territory in question, establish eparchies (dioceses) and exarchates, nominate and transfer bishops, and to legislate other items such as the date for Easter, appropriate liturgical texts, and the formation of clerics.<br />
<br />
The document also discusses issues pertaining to the Orthodox Church. Eastern Christians are exhorted to recognize their role in ecumenism and to remain faithful to their liturgical traditions as an example. Eastern Orthodox clerics that enter into communion with the Roman See have recognied orders and are to be incorporated into their corresponding Eastern Catholic Church. (i.e. a Ukrainian Orthodox clergyman in Canada would be received into the Ukrainian Catholic Church and not into the Latin Church or another Eastern Catholic church) The document also controversially gives permission for Orthodox Christians to receive the sacraments in Catholic churches (Eastern or Western) without impediment. <br />
<br />
It has been received in different degrees depending on the Church in question. Generally, however, Eastern Catholic Churches have slowly begun to reduce Latinizations and practice their Eastern Tradition. This is especially true among younger clergy who have not attended Roman seminaries and are educated in their Tradition. These rights were formally legislated in the 1990 [http://www.ulrichrhode.de/kanon/cceo_e.html Eastern Code of Canon Law] and the 1996 [http://www.byzcath.org/faith/documents/instruction.htm Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]. <br />
<br />
The text of the document is available at: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html The Decree on the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite]<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft SJ (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <i>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
*<i>The Eastern Catholic Churches - A Brief Survey<i> by Ronald Roberson CSP. Reproduced online with permission at the [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=3 Catholic Near East Welfare Association] (ISBN 978-88-7210-359-2)<br />
*<i>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church, Irving, TX]<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80400Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T20:53:52Z<p>Kadylo: /* For More Information */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
Orientalium Ecclesiarium, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, was promulgated at the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. This decree instructs Eastern Catholics to "preserve their legitimate liturgical rite" and was in many ways a move away from previous episodes of open Latinizations. The Eastern liturgical traditions, at this time often heavily Latinized, was affirmed by the Council. In situations where the Eastern Tradition was lost, it was to be reclaimed. An example of this is the practice of infant Chrismation and communion and the singing of the Divine Office (i.e. Vespers and Matins) which, largely lost in many Eastern Catholic Churches, was slowly reclaimed after the council. <br />
<br />
The rights and privilages of Eastern Catholic patriarchs were also emphasized in this document. The Synod as a form of government is given specific autonomous powers to, depending on the Church and territory in question, establish eparchies (dioceses) and exarchates, nominate and transfer bishops, and to legislate other items such as the date for Easter, appropriate liturgical texts, and the formation of clerics.<br />
<br />
The document also discusses issues pertaining to the Orthodox Church. Eastern Christians are exhorted to recognize their role in ecumenism and to remain faithful to their liturgical traditions as an example. Eastern Orthodox clerics that enter into communion with the Roman See have recognied orders and are to be incorporated into their corresponding Eastern Catholic Church. (i.e. a Ukrainian Orthodox clergyman in Canada would be received into the Ukrainian Catholic Church and not into the Latin Church or another Eastern Catholic church) The document also controversially gives permission for Orthodox Christians to receive the sacraments in Catholic churches (Eastern or Western) without impediment. <br />
<br />
It has been received in different degrees depending on the Church in question. Generally, however, Eastern Catholic Churches have slowly begun to reduce Latinizations and practice their Eastern Tradition. This is especially true among younger clergy who have not attended Roman seminaries and are educated in their Tradition. These rights were formally legislated in the 1990 [http://www.ulrichrhode.de/kanon/cceo_e.html Eastern Code of Canon Law] and the 1996 [http://www.byzcath.org/faith/documents/instruction.htm Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]. <br />
<br />
The text of the document is available at: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html The Decree on the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite]<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft SJ (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <i>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
*<i. The Eastern Catholic Churches - A Brief Survey<i> by Ronald Roberson CSP. Reproduced online with permission at the [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=3 Catholic Near East Welfare Association] (ISBN 978-88-7210-359-2)<br />
* <i>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church, Irving, TX]<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80399Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T20:52:56Z<p>Kadylo: /* For More Information */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
Orientalium Ecclesiarium, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, was promulgated at the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. This decree instructs Eastern Catholics to "preserve their legitimate liturgical rite" and was in many ways a move away from previous episodes of open Latinizations. The Eastern liturgical traditions, at this time often heavily Latinized, was affirmed by the Council. In situations where the Eastern Tradition was lost, it was to be reclaimed. An example of this is the practice of infant Chrismation and communion and the singing of the Divine Office (i.e. Vespers and Matins) which, largely lost in many Eastern Catholic Churches, was slowly reclaimed after the council. <br />
<br />
The rights and privilages of Eastern Catholic patriarchs were also emphasized in this document. The Synod as a form of government is given specific autonomous powers to, depending on the Church and territory in question, establish eparchies (dioceses) and exarchates, nominate and transfer bishops, and to legislate other items such as the date for Easter, appropriate liturgical texts, and the formation of clerics.<br />
<br />
The document also discusses issues pertaining to the Orthodox Church. Eastern Christians are exhorted to recognize their role in ecumenism and to remain faithful to their liturgical traditions as an example. Eastern Orthodox clerics that enter into communion with the Roman See have recognied orders and are to be incorporated into their corresponding Eastern Catholic Church. (i.e. a Ukrainian Orthodox clergyman in Canada would be received into the Ukrainian Catholic Church and not into the Latin Church or another Eastern Catholic church) The document also controversially gives permission for Orthodox Christians to receive the sacraments in Catholic churches (Eastern or Western) without impediment. <br />
<br />
It has been received in different degrees depending on the Church in question. Generally, however, Eastern Catholic Churches have slowly begun to reduce Latinizations and practice their Eastern Tradition. This is especially true among younger clergy who have not attended Roman seminaries and are educated in their Tradition. These rights were formally legislated in the 1990 [http://www.ulrichrhode.de/kanon/cceo_e.html Eastern Code of Canon Law] and the 1996 [http://www.byzcath.org/faith/documents/instruction.htm Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]. <br />
<br />
The text of the document is available at: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html The Decree on the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite]<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft SJ (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <i>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
*<i. The Eastern Catholic Churches - A Brief Survey<i> by Ronald Roberson CSP. Reproduced online with permission at the [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=3 Catholic Near East Welfare Organization] (ISBN 978-88-7210-359-2)<br />
* <i>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church, Irving, TX]<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80397Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T20:47:54Z<p>Kadylo: /* Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II) */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
Orientalium Ecclesiarium, the Decree on the Eastern Catholic Churches, was promulgated at the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. This decree instructs Eastern Catholics to "preserve their legitimate liturgical rite" and was in many ways a move away from previous episodes of open Latinizations. The Eastern liturgical traditions, at this time often heavily Latinized, was affirmed by the Council. In situations where the Eastern Tradition was lost, it was to be reclaimed. An example of this is the practice of infant Chrismation and communion and the singing of the Divine Office (i.e. Vespers and Matins) which, largely lost in many Eastern Catholic Churches, was slowly reclaimed after the council. <br />
<br />
The rights and privilages of Eastern Catholic patriarchs were also emphasized in this document. The Synod as a form of government is given specific autonomous powers to, depending on the Church and territory in question, establish eparchies (dioceses) and exarchates, nominate and transfer bishops, and to legislate other items such as the date for Easter, appropriate liturgical texts, and the formation of clerics.<br />
<br />
The document also discusses issues pertaining to the Orthodox Church. Eastern Christians are exhorted to recognize their role in ecumenism and to remain faithful to their liturgical traditions as an example. Eastern Orthodox clerics that enter into communion with the Roman See have recognied orders and are to be incorporated into their corresponding Eastern Catholic Church. (i.e. a Ukrainian Orthodox clergyman in Canada would be received into the Ukrainian Catholic Church and not into the Latin Church or another Eastern Catholic church) The document also controversially gives permission for Orthodox Christians to receive the sacraments in Catholic churches (Eastern or Western) without impediment. <br />
<br />
It has been received in different degrees depending on the Church in question. Generally, however, Eastern Catholic Churches have slowly begun to reduce Latinizations and practice their Eastern Tradition. This is especially true among younger clergy who have not attended Roman seminaries and are educated in their Tradition. These rights were formally legislated in the 1990 [http://www.ulrichrhode.de/kanon/cceo_e.html Eastern Code of Canon Law] and the 1996 [http://www.byzcath.org/faith/documents/instruction.htm Instruction for Applying the Liturgical Prescriptions of the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]. <br />
<br />
The text of the document is available at: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html The Decree on the Catholic Churches of the Eastern Rite]<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>Against False Union</i> by Alexandre A. Kalomiros (ISBN 0913026700)<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <i>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
* <i>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church, Irving, TX]<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80389Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T17:33:21Z<p>Kadylo: /* Byzantine Rite (also Greek Catholic) Churches */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian (Greek) Catholic Church] official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>Against False Union</i> by Alexandre A. Kalomiros (ISBN 0913026700)<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <i>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
* <i>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church, Irving, TX]<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Eastern_Catholic_Churches&diff=80388Eastern Catholic Churches2009-01-26T17:31:28Z<p>Kadylo: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Eastern Catholic Churches''' Churches are churches that follow the ancient liturgical traditions of the East, while being in [[full communion]] with the [[Roman Catholic Church]] and placing themselves under the ultimate authority of the [[Pope|Bishop of Rome]]. Some of these churches, like the [[Orthodox Church]], follow the Byzantine tradition, while others follow other liturgical traditions. The history of each Eastern Rite Catholic church is unique, some having sided with Rome at the time of the [[Great Schism]] and some being joined to Rome after that time. They are sometimes referred to as '''Uniates''', a term which many reject as derogatory.<br />
<br />
Many of these churches have a direct non-Catholic (usually [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] or [[Oriental Orthodox|Oriental]]) counterpart. Others exist only within the Catholic Communion as they were either entirely received into communion with the Roman See or never left that communion.<br />
<br />
==List of Eastern Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
===Byzantine Rite (also '''Greek Catholic''') Churches===<br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Belarusan Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church<br />
*Byzantine Catholics of Former Yugoslavia<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Hungarian Catholic Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
*Melkite Greek Catholic Church<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church<br />
*Russian Catholic Church (Latin rite hierarchy)<br />
*Slovak Catholic Church<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
===Non-Byzantine Eastern Rite Catholic Churches===<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([http://coptcatholic.org/ official Web site])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church<br />
*Syro-Malabar Church<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
===Second Council of Lyons (1274)===<br />
===Council of Ferrara-Florence (1439)===<br />
:''Main article: [[Council of Florence]]''<br />
<br />
===Union of Brest (1596)===<br />
===Orientalium Ecclesiarum (Vatican II)===<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Theology==<br />
<br />
<br />
==Relationships with the Orthodox Churches==<br />
<br />
==Eastern Catholic Churches with Counterparts in Non-Catholic Churches==<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] Communion. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis. <br />
<br />
*Albanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Albania]])<br />
*Bulgarian Catholic Church ([[Church of Bulgaria]])<br />
*Greek Catholic Church ([[Church of Constantinople]]/[[Church of Greece]])<br />
*Georgian Catholic Church ([[Church of Georgia]])<br />
*Melkite Catholic Church ([[Church of Antioch]])<br />
*Romanian Catholic Church ([[Church of Romania]])<br />
*Russian Catholic Church ([[Church of Russia]])<br />
*Ukrainian Catholic Church ([[Church of Ukraine]])<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Rite Catholic Churches have "counterparts" in the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Churches. The counterpart is listed in parenthesis.<br />
<br />
*Armenian Catholic Church ([[Church of Armenia]])<br />
*Chaldean Catholic Church (Assyrian Church of the East)<br />
*Coptic Catholic Church ([[Coptic|Coptic Church]])<br />
*Ethiopian Catholic Church<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syrian Catholic Church (Church of Syria)<br />
*Syro-Malankara Catholic Church (Malankara Orthodox Church)<br />
<br />
The following Eastern Catholic Churches have no counterpart either among the Chalcedonian Orthodox or the Oriental Orthodox.<br />
<br />
*Maronite Catholic Church<br />
*Syro Malabar Church<br />
*Italo-Albanian Catholic Church<br />
<br />
==For More Information==<br />
<br />
* <i>Against False Union</i> by Alexandre A. Kalomiros (ISBN 0913026700)<br />
* <i>American Eastern Catholics</i> by Fred J. Saato (ISBN 0-8091-4378-X)<br />
* <I>The Byzantine Rite: A Short History</I> by Robert Taft (ISBN 0814621635)<br />
* <I>Eastern Catholics in the United States of America</I> by the [http://www.usccb.org/ U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops] (ISBN 1574552872)<br />
* <i>The Eastern Catholic Churches: An Introduction to Their Worship and Spirituality</i> by Joan L. Roccasalvo (ISBN 0814620477)<br />
* <i>The Other Catholics: Obedient and Faithful</I> by Joseph Bonchonsky (ASIN B0006OZUJQ)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.cnewa.org/ecc-bodypg.aspx?eccpageID=3&indexview=toc Introduction to Eastern Christian Churches, Catholic Near East Welfare Agency]<br />
*[http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decree_19641121_orientalium-ecclesiarum_en.html Orientalium Ecclesiarum] by Pope Paul VI<br />
*[http://stmichaelruscath.org/ St. Michael's Russian Catholic Church], New York, NY<br />
*[http://www.crosslink.net/~hrycak/ch_indx-s.html An Unofficial Directory of Eastern Catholic Churches in the U.S.]<br />
*[http://www.archeparchy.org/ The Byzantine (Ruthenian) Catholic Church in America]<br />
*[http://www.stbasilsinirving.org/ Saint Basil the Great Byzantine-Ruthenian Catholic Church, Irving, TX]<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/eng/ The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]<br />
*[http://www.maronite.org.au/ Maronite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://www.melkite.org.au/ Melkite Catholic Church of Australia]<br />
*[http://malankara.int.tf/ Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]<br />
<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Non-Orthodox]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Églises catholiques orientales]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Nestorianism&diff=80387Nestorianism2009-01-26T17:29:54Z<p>Kadylo: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Nestorianism''' is a [[Christology|Christological]] [[heresy]] which originated in the Church in the 5th century out of an attempt to rationally explain and understand the [[incarnation]] of the divine Logos, the Second Person of the [[Holy Trinity]] as the man [[Jesus Christ]]. Nestorianism teaches that the human and divine essences of Christ are separate and that there are two persons, the man Jesus Christ and the divine Logos, which dwelt in the man. Thus, Nestorians reject such terminology as "God suffered" or "God was crucified", because they believe that the man Jesus Christ suffered. Likewise, they reject the term ''[[Theotokos]]'' (Giver of birth to God) for the Virgin Mary, using instead the term ''Christotokos'' (giver of birth to Christ) or ''Anthropotokos'' (giver of birth to a man).<br />
<br />
<br />
== Origins of Nestorianism ==<br />
Nestorian ideas were first developed in the writings of [[Diodore of Tarsus]] against the [[heresy]] of [[Apollinarius]]. In refuting [[Apollinarianism]], Diodore wrote that at the time of the Incarnation and after the Incarnation, the Divine and human natures of Jesus Christ were divided to such an extent that there was complete independence of natures and no union whatsoever.<br />
<br />
These ideas were further developed by [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] (3??-429), a scholar in the Antochian tradition. Theodore taught that the human and Divine natures of Christ were so completely separate that there was only contact between them, but no union of any kind. In developing his ideas, Theodore wrote that the Man Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary completely naturally and with all faults of men, and that God the Logos (Word), having foreknown the Man's triumph over sin, chose to redeem the human race through Him by becoming united with Him by Grace from the time of His conception. Because of His triumph over sin, the Man Jesus was made worthy of being called Son of God at the time of the Theophany. Then, after His complete triumph over sin during His passion, He was united even more closely with the Divine Logos, becoming God's tool for the salvation of mankind.<br />
<br />
Based on these ideas, Theodore was the first to be opposed to the use of language applying to God as a description of Jesus Christ. Thus, he was opposed to the terms "God was crucified", "God suffered", or "God was born", because, he believed, only the Man Jesus was born and God dwelt in the Man Jesus. For this reason, Theodore called Jesus the Theophoros (Bearer of God). He was also opposed to the term Theotokos (Giver of birth to God) for the Virgin Mary, because, he taught, she gave birth only to the Man Jesus. Theodore's beliefs were quite heretical, since, if taken to their logical conclusion, they deny redemption and salvation; if only the Man Jesus suffered on the Cross and died for the sins of men, then how does the suffering of a man redeem the human race?<br />
<br />
== Nestorianism as a public teaching ==<br />
Nestorian ideas were originally confined to the writings of Diodore, [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] and their close followers in Antioch. However, in 428, Emperor Theodore II called the Antiochian Priest-monk [[Nestorius]], known for his zeal, to come to Constantinople. Nestorius, who brought with him the [[Priest]] Anastasius was made Archbishop of Constantinople. In a series of homilies in Constantinople, Anastasius denied the existence of one Theandric Person (The Godman) in Jesus Christ, teaching in Him a division of persons, and attacked the use of the term Theotokos, using instead the term Anthropotokos. This was quite controversial, since the Constantinopolitan faithful were acustomed to using the term Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. To defend Anastasius, Nestorius also said a series of homilies, preaching the teachings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, though using the term Christotokos instead of Anthropotokos.<br />
<br />
Constantinopolitan [[theologian]]s rose up against the teachings of Nestorius and accused him of preaching the heresy of [[Paul of Samosata]] (see [[Antitrinitarianism]]). Nestorius then called a council at Constantinople in 429 and condemned those who disagreed with him.<br />
<br />
== Resistance to Nestorianism ==<br />
The fiercest opposition to Nestorianism came from St [[Cyril of Alexandria]], a theologian from the Alexandrian school. In a series of epistles and letters to [[Nestorius]], Emperor Theodore II, and Empress Eudoxia, St Cyril outlined the Orthodox teaching and accused Nestorius of heresy. St Cyril then wrote to Pope Celestine of Rome about the teaching of Nestorius.<br />
In 430, Pope Celestine called a council at Rome, which condemned Nestorius and called for him to be deposed. Pope Celestine sent copies of the council's decision to St Cyril of Alexandria, who also called a council in Alexandria in 430. At this council, St Cyril issued his famous 12 [[anathema]]s against Nestorius, which stated:<br />
<br />
* If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is God in truth, and therefore that the Holy Virgin is the Mother of God (for she bore in a fleshly way the Word of God become flesh), let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone does not confess that the Word from God the Father has been united by hypostasis with the flesh and is one Christ with his own flesh, and is therefore God and man together, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the Gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone dares to say that Christ was a God-bearing man and not rather God in truth, being by nature one Son, even as "the Word became flesh," and is made partaker of blood and flesh precisely like us, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone says that the Word from God the Father was the God or master of Christ, and does not rather confess the same both God and man, the Word having become flesh, according to the scriptures, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone says that as man Jesus was activated by the Word of God and was clothed with the glory of the Only-begotten, as a being separate from him, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshiped and glorified together with the Divine Word and be called God along with Him, while being separate from Him, (for the addition of "with" must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to Him one doxology, even as "the Word became flesh", let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone says that the one Lord Jesus Christ was glorified by the Spirit, as making use of an alien power that worked through Him and as having received from Him the power to master unclean spirits and to work divine wonders among people, and does not rather say that it was His own proper Spirit through whom He worked the divine wonders, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* The divine scripture says Christ became "the high priest and apostle of our confession"; He offered Himself to God the Father in an odour of sweetness for our sake. If anyone, therefore, says that it was not the very Word from God who became our high priest and apostle, when He became flesh and a man like us, but as it were another who was separate from him, in particular a man from a woman, or if anyone says that He offered the sacrifice also for Himself and not rather for us alone (for He who knew no sin, needed no offering), let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone does not confess that the flesh of the Lord is life-giving and belongs to the Word from God the Father, but maintains that it belongs to another besides Him, united with Him in dignity or as enjoying a mere divine indwelling, and is not rather life-giving, as we said, since it became the flesh belonging to the Word who has power to bring all things to life, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone does not confess that the Word of God suffered in the flesh and was crucified in the flesh and tasted death in the flesh and became the first born of the dead, although as God He is life and life-giving, let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
== The Third Ecumenical Council ==<br />
Not all accepted the position of St Cyril and the Alexandrian council. Nestorius published 12 anathemas of his own, in which he condemned those who attributed suffering and birth to God. Nestorius believed that they denied God the honour due Him by teaching that the Uncircumscribable can be circumscribed or that the Changeless can suffer.<br />
Certain Syrian bishops also rose to the defense of Nestorius. Among them was [[Theodoret of Cyrrhus]], who wrote a refutation of the anathemas of St Cyril.<br />
<br />
To put an end to the dispute, Emperor Theodore II called a council at Ephesus, which was to convene on the day of [[Pentecost]], 431. This became known as the [[Third Ecumenical Council]]. St Cyril of Alexandria arrived with 40 Egyptian bishops; the other churches were represented by Yuvenali of Jerusalem with Palestinian bishops, Thermos of Caesarea in Cappadocia, and Flavian of Thessaloniki. Nestorius arrived with his bishops and two governement officials-Candidian and Ireneaus, representing the Emperor. Memnon of Ephesus hosted the Council. The only representatives not there were [[John of Antioch]] and the Syrian bishops and the legates of Pope Celestine of Rome.<br />
<br />
After waiting for 10 days for the arrival of the absent delegates, St Cyril of Alexandria decided to convene the Council without them on [[June 22]], 431. The 200 bishops present read the teachings of Nestorius, the teachings of St Cyril of Alexandria, the writings of the Fathers, and found that Nestorius was teaching heresy and the St Cyril's teaching reflected the Orthodox position. The decisions of the Council were signed and sent to Constantinople for the Emperor and the Constantinopolitan faithful. Nestorius was invited to attend and defend himself, but refused to do so, and a wrote to the Emperor accusing St Cyril and Memnon of holding an illegal council and plotting against Nestorius.<br />
<br />
At this time, [[John of Antioch]] and 33 Syrian bishops arrived at Ephesus. Not recognizing the decision of the Council, John and the Syrian bishops refused to enter into communion with St Cyril, and, together with Nestorius and a few bishops who defected from St Cyril's council organized a rebel council. At this council, they condemned St Cyril, Memnon of Ephesus, and the other Fathers, falsely accusing them of the heresies of [[Arius]], [[Apollinarius]], and [[Eunomius]]. The proceedings were signed and sent to Constantinople.<br />
<br />
Emperor Theodore, unsure of the proper course of action, ordered both councils to close, the proceedings to be destroyed, and the all the Fathers to convene one Council. While messengers were going back and forward between the Palace and Ephesus, St Cyril of Alexandria convened his Council again. At the second session, the Council found Orthodox the epistle of Pope Celestines, finally delivered by his legates. At the third session, the legates signed the condemnation of Nestorius. At the fourth session, the Council found invalid the condemnation of St Cyril and Memnon by John of Antioch and his council. At the fifth session, St Cyril and Memnon condemned the heresies of Arius, Apollinarius, and Eunomius, and the Council condemned John of Antioch and the rebel council. At the sixth session, the council decreed that no changes or additions can be made to the [[Nicene Creed]]. At the seventh, and final session, the Council made decisions concerning the boundaries of various dioceses.<br />
<br />
Emperor Theodore, at the time under the influence of the Nestorian party at the Court, ordered Nestorius, Memnon, and St Cyril to be arrested and a new council to be convened. No agreement, however, could be reached. St Cyril, meanwhile, wrote to Abba Dalmatius in Constantinople, calling him to action for the defence of Orthodoxy. Abba Dalmatius, who for 48 years never left his monastery, marched together with the Constantinopolitan faithful to the Palace and called on the Emperor to release the Orthodox bishops and to condemn Nestorius. The people then proclaimed anathema on Nestorius.<br />
<br />
The Emperor finally sided with the Orthodox position. To get the Fathers to agree, he called on deputies to be sent to Chalcedon from both councils. The deputies, which included the Papal legates and Bishop Yuvenali of Jerusalem on one side and Theodoret and John of Antioch on the other arrived, but could not agree. While the Syrian bishops agreed in principle to the condemnation of Nestorius, they rejected the anathemas of St Cyril, calling them heretical. The Emperor then ordered all bishops to return to their cathedras, and ordered the deposition of Nestorius.<br />
<br />
== Nestorianism after the Council ==<br />
On their way back to their sees, the Syrian bishops called two more councils. At the first council, at Tarsus, they once again condemned St Cyril and Memnon. At the second council, in Antioch, they confessed that the Lord Jesus Christ is fully Divine and fully human, except without sin, based on a unity in Him of Divine and human natures, and that, therefore, the Virgin Mary may be called the Theotokos. Thus they condemned Nestorianism, though they refused to condemn Nestorius. Peace was restored a few years later, by the work of Paul of Emessa, who convinced John of Antioch to condemn Nestorius and St Cyril of Alexandria to agree to the Antiochian confession without, however, refuting his 12 anathemas.<br />
<br />
The Ephesian Council was not, however, accepted by some in Syria. Among those who agreed with the Orthodox teaching but rejected the Council was Theodoret of Cyrrhus. Thus, a strong Nestorian party arose in the Syrian and Mesopotamian churches. After agreeing to a common confession with St Cyril of Alexandria, John of Antioch began working on eradicating Nestorianism in the Eastern churches. What could not be accomplished by conviction was done with the help of the civil authorities, who imprisoned several Nestorian bishops.<br />
<br />
John of Antioch ordered the destruction of the Edessa theological school, which spread Nestorian ideas. [[Ibo of Edessa]] and other theologians who accused St Cyril of unorthodoxy were exiled. At the same time, St Cyril wrote a refutation of Theodore of Mopsuestia. However, this refutation, too, was not accepted by all. Theodoret defended Theodore of Mopsuestia. Meanwhile, Ibo became bishop of Edessa, and spread Nestorian ideas. In his famous letter to Marius the Persian, Ivo of Edessa condemned Nestorius for refusing to use the term ''[[Theotokos]]'' but also condemned St Cyril for preaching [[Apollinarianism]]. In 489, the Edessa school was again destroyed, and Nestorian theologians fled to Persia were they finally broke with the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. In 499, at a council in Seleucia, the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] was condemned and the Nestorians formally split from the Church. They formed the Chaldean or [[Assyrian Church of the East|Assyrian Church]], which governs itself with its own Patriarch. Nestorians also have a community in India, called the [[Thomites]].<br />
<br />
== Nestorianism and the Fifth Ecumenical Council ==<br />
In their struggle against Nestorianism, some theologians went as far as the other extreme. They denied completely the presence of human nature in Jesus Christ, accepting only one Divine Nature in one Divine Hypostasis. Thus, they are called Monophysites (believers in one nature). Condemned at the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] in Chalcedon, Monophysites accused the Council and the Church of restoring Nestorianism.<br />
<br />
The basis for accusation in the 6th Century was the Church's unclear position on Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, and Ibo of Edessa. Their writings, which became known as the [[Three Chapters]] were a cause of debate that resulted in the calling of the [[Fifth Ecumenical Council]] in 553.<br />
<br />
At the Council, the Church condemned Theodore of Mopsuestia as a heretic. In addition, the Church condemned the writings of Theodoret against St Cyril and the letter of Ibo of Edessa to Marius the Perian. The Church did not condemn Theodoret and Ibo in their persons, because they repented of Nestorianism and condemned Nestorius.<br />
<br />
== Nestorian Communities Today ==<br />
<br />
The Assyrian Church of the East is a Nestorian body with jurisdiction in Iraq and Eastern Iran. It is sometimes referred to as the ''Assyrian Orthodox Church'', not to be confused with the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]], a Non-Chalcedonian body, the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], an Eastern Catholic body, or the Orthodox [[Church of Antioch]], an Orthodox local church. <br />
<br />
The schism between the Assyrian Church and the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church began at the Council of Seleucia in 410, where Mesopotamian Christians declared their independence from the Patriarch of [[Antioch]]. The split solidified after the condemnation of Nestorius at the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] and the destruction of the theological school at Edessa. There were other issues at play in the schism - the Assyrians resided in the Persian Empire and did not want to be seen as siding with the Roman Emperor. There was also a large influx of Nestorian Christians into Persia fleeing Roman persecution.<br />
<br />
In the 15th century, the church decreed that the title of Patriarch could pass only to relatives of then-patriarch Mar Shimun IV. This upset many in the church's hierarchy, and in 1552 a rival Patriarch, Mar Yohanan Soulaqa VIII was elected. This rival Patriarch met with the Pope and entered into communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The Assyrian Church now had two rival leaders, a hereditary patriarch in Alqosh (in modern-day northern Iraq), and a Papal-appointed patriarch in Diyarbakir (in modern-day eastern Turkey). This situation lasted until 1662 when the Patriarch in Diyarbakir, Mar Shimun XIII Denha, broke communion with Rome, and moved his seat to the village of Qochanis in the Turkish mountains. The Vatican responded by appointing a new patriarch to Diyarbakir to govern the Assyrians who stayed loyal to the Holy See. This became known as the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], an Eastern Catholic body. In 1804 the hereditary line of Patriarchs in Alqosh died out, and that church's hierarchy decided to accept the authority of the Chaldean patriarchs.<br />
<br />
Assyrians faced reprisals under the Hashemite monarchy for co-operating with the British, and most fled to the West. The Patriarch of Babylon is currently based in Chicago, Illinois, and less than 1 million of the world's 4.5 million Assyrians remain in Iraq.<br />
<br />
The Chaldean community was less numerous at the time of the British Mandate of Palestine, and did not play a major role in the British rule of the country. However with the exodus of Assyrians, the Chaldean Catholic Church became the largest non-Muslim group in Iraq, and many later rose to power in the Ba'ath Party government, the most prominent being Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz.<br />
<br />
In 1964, the issue of hereditary succession again caused a schism, with the election of Mar Thomas Darmo as a rival to the hereditary Mar Simon XXIII. Mar Simon resigned in 1973, and was assassinated in 1975 during negotiations over his possible reinstatement. Mar Dinkha IV was elected as Simon's successor, and announced the permanent end of the hereditary succession. While this removes the underlying dispute, the rift between the rival Patriarchs still exists, with Mar Addai as the successor to Mar Thomas Darmo.<br />
<br />
On November 11, 1994, an historic meeting of Mar Dinkha IV and Catholic Pope John Paul II took place in the Vatican and a Common Christological Declaration was signed. One side effect of this meeting was that the Assyrian Church's relationship to the Chaldean Catholic Church was improved.<br />
<br />
There are also large numbers of Assyrian congregations in Iran. In addition, a few remain in Iraq, a single parish exists in China, and the Church has its headquarters (along with four other houses of worship) in Chicago, Illinois, United States.<br />
<br />
Current status:<br />
* Primate: Mar Dinkha IV, [[Catholicos]] and Patriarch of Babylon (Qochanis)<br />
* Primate: Mar Addai II, Catholicos and Patriarch of Babylon (Baghdad)<br />
* Headquarters: Chicago, IL<br />
* Faithful: about 4.5 million<br />
<br />
'''Christology'''<br />
Usually, the Assyrian Church of the East denies that it teaches [[Nestorianism]]. On November 11, 1994 Mar Dinkha IV and Pope John Paul II signed a "Common Christological Declaration" which affirmed that Catholics and Assyrians share a union in their understanding of the Son of God. [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=1&IndexView=toc] In 1997 the Assyrian Church halted anathemas of other churches in its liturgy. On the other hand, it has recognized [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] as a [[saint]].<br />
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== Protestant Theology as a form of Crypto-Nestorianism ==<br />
In their refusal to venerate the [[Virgin Mary]], modern Evangelical Protestants deny the use of the term [[Theotokos]]. In defending this, many Evangelical Protestants argue that the Virgin Mary could not have given birth to God but only to the man Jesus. They thus again separate in the Theandric Godman Jesus a human and a Divine person and teach Nestorianism.<br />
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The error of this thinking lies in the failure to understand the intricacies of Christology and the doctrine of Incarnation. A proper understanding of the [[Virgin Mary]] is required for a proper understanding of [[Jesus Christ]]. If Mary is not Theotokos, then Christ is not Godman. Likewise, if Christ is Godman, then Mary is Theotokos. If Mary is not Ever-Virgin, then Christ did not become God Incarnate. If Christ became God Incarnate, then Mary is Ever-Virgin. If Mary is not the Queen Mother, then Christ is not King; if Christ is King, then Mary is Queen Mother.<br />
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For more on the importance of Our Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary to a proper understanding of the dogmas of the Incarnation and the Trinity, see George S. Gabriel, ''Mary, the Untrodden Portal of God''<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
*Talberg, D. N., ''История Христианской Церкви (A History of the Christian Church)'', Moscow, Russia: St Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Institute.<br />
*Gabriel, George S., ''Mary: The Untrodden Portal of God'', Ridgewood, NJ: Zephyr Publishing, 2000<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
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*[http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=1&IndexView=toc Assyrian Church of the East]<br />
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[[Category:Heresies]]<br />
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[[ar:نسطورية]]<br />
[[ro:Nestorianism]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Nestorianism&diff=80386Nestorianism2009-01-26T17:28:46Z<p>Kadylo: /* Nestorian Communities Today */</p>
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<div>'''Nestorianism''' is a [[Christology|Christological]] [[heresy]] which originated in the Church in the 5th century out of an attempt to rationally explain and understand the [[incarnation]] of the divine Logos, the Second Person of the [[Holy Trinity]] as the man [[Jesus Christ]]. Nestorianism teaches that the human and divine essences of Christ are separate and that there are two persons, the man Jesus Christ and the divine Logos, which dwelt in the man. Thus, Nestorians reject such terminology as "God suffered" or "God was crucified", because they believe that the man Jesus Christ suffered. Likewise, they reject the term ''[[Theotokos]]'' (Giver of birth to God) for the Virgin Mary, using instead the term ''Christotokos'' (giver of birth to Christ) or ''Anthropotokos'' (giver of birth to a man).<br />
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== Origins of Nestorianism ==<br />
Nestorian ideas were first developed in the writings of [[Diodore of Tarsus]] against the [[heresy]] of [[Apollinarius]]. In refuting [[Apollinarianism]], Diodore wrote that at the time of the Incarnation and after the Incarnation, the Divine and human natures of Jesus Christ were divided to such an extent that there was complete independence of natures and no union whatsoever.<br />
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These ideas were further developed by [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] (3??-429), a scholar in the Antochian tradition. Theodore taught that the human and Divine natures of Christ were so completely separate that there was only contact between them, but no union of any kind. In developing his ideas, Theodore wrote that the Man Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary completely naturally and with all faults of men, and that God the Logos (Word), having foreknown the Man's triumph over sin, chose to redeem the human race through Him by becoming united with Him by Grace from the time of His conception. Because of His triumph over sin, the Man Jesus was made worthy of being called Son of God at the time of the Theophany. Then, after His complete triumph over sin during His passion, He was united even more closely with the Divine Logos, becoming God's tool for the salvation of mankind.<br />
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Based on these ideas, Theodore was the first to be opposed to the use of language applying to God as a description of Jesus Christ. Thus, he was opposed to the terms "God was crucified", "God suffered", or "God was born", because, he believed, only the Man Jesus was born and God dwelt in the Man Jesus. For this reason, Theodore called Jesus the Theophoros (Bearer of God). He was also opposed to the term Theotokos (Giver of birth to God) for the Virgin Mary, because, he taught, she gave birth only to the Man Jesus. Theodore's beliefs were quite heretical, since, if taken to their logical conclusion, they deny redemption and salvation; if only the Man Jesus suffered on the Cross and died for the sins of men, then how does the suffering of a man redeem the human race?<br />
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== Nestorianism as a public teaching ==<br />
Nestorian ideas were originally confined to the writings of Diodore, [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] and their close followers in Antioch. However, in 428, Emperor Theodore II called the Antiochian Priest-monk [[Nestorius]], known for his zeal, to come to Constantinople. Nestorius, who brought with him the [[Priest]] Anastasius was made Archbishop of Constantinople. In a series of homilies in Constantinople, Anastasius denied the existence of one Theandric Person (The Godman) in Jesus Christ, teaching in Him a division of persons, and attacked the use of the term Theotokos, using instead the term Anthropotokos. This was quite controversial, since the Constantinopolitan faithful were acustomed to using the term Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. To defend Anastasius, Nestorius also said a series of homilies, preaching the teachings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, though using the term Christotokos instead of Anthropotokos.<br />
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Constantinopolitan [[theologian]]s rose up against the teachings of Nestorius and accused him of preaching the heresy of [[Paul of Samosata]] (see [[Antitrinitarianism]]). Nestorius then called a council at Constantinople in 429 and condemned those who disagreed with him.<br />
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== Resistance to Nestorianism ==<br />
The fiercest opposition to Nestorianism came from St [[Cyril of Alexandria]], a theologian from the Alexandrian school. In a series of epistles and letters to [[Nestorius]], Emperor Theodore II, and Empress Eudoxia, St Cyril outlined the Orthodox teaching and accused Nestorius of heresy. St Cyril then wrote to Pope Celestine of Rome about the teaching of Nestorius.<br />
In 430, Pope Celestine called a council at Rome, which condemned Nestorius and called for him to be deposed. Pope Celestine sent copies of the council's decision to St Cyril of Alexandria, who also called a council in Alexandria in 430. At this council, St Cyril issued his famous 12 [[anathema]]s against Nestorius, which stated:<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is God in truth, and therefore that the Holy Virgin is the Mother of God (for she bore in a fleshly way the Word of God become flesh), let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that the Word from God the Father has been united by hypostasis with the flesh and is one Christ with his own flesh, and is therefore God and man together, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the Gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone dares to say that Christ was a God-bearing man and not rather God in truth, being by nature one Son, even as "the Word became flesh," and is made partaker of blood and flesh precisely like us, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that the Word from God the Father was the God or master of Christ, and does not rather confess the same both God and man, the Word having become flesh, according to the scriptures, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that as man Jesus was activated by the Word of God and was clothed with the glory of the Only-begotten, as a being separate from him, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshiped and glorified together with the Divine Word and be called God along with Him, while being separate from Him, (for the addition of "with" must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to Him one doxology, even as "the Word became flesh", let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that the one Lord Jesus Christ was glorified by the Spirit, as making use of an alien power that worked through Him and as having received from Him the power to master unclean spirits and to work divine wonders among people, and does not rather say that it was His own proper Spirit through whom He worked the divine wonders, let him be anathema.<br />
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* The divine scripture says Christ became "the high priest and apostle of our confession"; He offered Himself to God the Father in an odour of sweetness for our sake. If anyone, therefore, says that it was not the very Word from God who became our high priest and apostle, when He became flesh and a man like us, but as it were another who was separate from him, in particular a man from a woman, or if anyone says that He offered the sacrifice also for Himself and not rather for us alone (for He who knew no sin, needed no offering), let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that the flesh of the Lord is life-giving and belongs to the Word from God the Father, but maintains that it belongs to another besides Him, united with Him in dignity or as enjoying a mere divine indwelling, and is not rather life-giving, as we said, since it became the flesh belonging to the Word who has power to bring all things to life, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that the Word of God suffered in the flesh and was crucified in the flesh and tasted death in the flesh and became the first born of the dead, although as God He is life and life-giving, let him be anathema.<br />
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== The Third Ecumenical Council ==<br />
Not all accepted the position of St Cyril and the Alexandrian council. Nestorius published 12 anathemas of his own, in which he condemned those who attributed suffering and birth to God. Nestorius believed that they denied God the honour due Him by teaching that the Uncircumscribable can be circumscribed or that the Changeless can suffer.<br />
Certain Syrian bishops also rose to the defense of Nestorius. Among them was [[Theodoret of Cyrrhus]], who wrote a refutation of the anathemas of St Cyril.<br />
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To put an end to the dispute, Emperor Theodore II called a council at Ephesus, which was to convene on the day of [[Pentecost]], 431. This became known as the [[Third Ecumenical Council]]. St Cyril of Alexandria arrived with 40 Egyptian bishops; the other churches were represented by Yuvenali of Jerusalem with Palestinian bishops, Thermos of Caesarea in Cappadocia, and Flavian of Thessaloniki. Nestorius arrived with his bishops and two governement officials-Candidian and Ireneaus, representing the Emperor. Memnon of Ephesus hosted the Council. The only representatives not there were [[John of Antioch]] and the Syrian bishops and the legates of Pope Celestine of Rome.<br />
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After waiting for 10 days for the arrival of the absent delegates, St Cyril of Alexandria decided to convene the Council without them on [[June 22]], 431. The 200 bishops present read the teachings of Nestorius, the teachings of St Cyril of Alexandria, the writings of the Fathers, and found that Nestorius was teaching heresy and the St Cyril's teaching reflected the Orthodox position. The decisions of the Council were signed and sent to Constantinople for the Emperor and the Constantinopolitan faithful. Nestorius was invited to attend and defend himself, but refused to do so, and a wrote to the Emperor accusing St Cyril and Memnon of holding an illegal council and plotting against Nestorius.<br />
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At this time, [[John of Antioch]] and 33 Syrian bishops arrived at Ephesus. Not recognizing the decision of the Council, John and the Syrian bishops refused to enter into communion with St Cyril, and, together with Nestorius and a few bishops who defected from St Cyril's council organized a rebel council. At this council, they condemned St Cyril, Memnon of Ephesus, and the other Fathers, falsely accusing them of the heresies of [[Arius]], [[Apollinarius]], and [[Eunomius]]. The proceedings were signed and sent to Constantinople.<br />
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Emperor Theodore, unsure of the proper course of action, ordered both councils to close, the proceedings to be destroyed, and the all the Fathers to convene one Council. While messengers were going back and forward between the Palace and Ephesus, St Cyril of Alexandria convened his Council again. At the second session, the Council found Orthodox the epistle of Pope Celestines, finally delivered by his legates. At the third session, the legates signed the condemnation of Nestorius. At the fourth session, the Council found invalid the condemnation of St Cyril and Memnon by John of Antioch and his council. At the fifth session, St Cyril and Memnon condemned the heresies of Arius, Apollinarius, and Eunomius, and the Council condemned John of Antioch and the rebel council. At the sixth session, the council decreed that no changes or additions can be made to the [[Nicene Creed]]. At the seventh, and final session, the Council made decisions concerning the boundaries of various dioceses.<br />
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Emperor Theodore, at the time under the influence of the Nestorian party at the Court, ordered Nestorius, Memnon, and St Cyril to be arrested and a new council to be convened. No agreement, however, could be reached. St Cyril, meanwhile, wrote to Abba Dalmatius in Constantinople, calling him to action for the defence of Orthodoxy. Abba Dalmatius, who for 48 years never left his monastery, marched together with the Constantinopolitan faithful to the Palace and called on the Emperor to release the Orthodox bishops and to condemn Nestorius. The people then proclaimed anathema on Nestorius.<br />
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The Emperor finally sided with the Orthodox position. To get the Fathers to agree, he called on deputies to be sent to Chalcedon from both councils. The deputies, which included the Papal legates and Bishop Yuvenali of Jerusalem on one side and Theodoret and John of Antioch on the other arrived, but could not agree. While the Syrian bishops agreed in principle to the condemnation of Nestorius, they rejected the anathemas of St Cyril, calling them heretical. The Emperor then ordered all bishops to return to their cathedras, and ordered the deposition of Nestorius.<br />
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== Nestorianism after the Council ==<br />
On their way back to their sees, the Syrian bishops called two more councils. At the first council, at Tarsus, they once again condemned St Cyril and Memnon. At the second council, in Antioch, they confessed that the Lord Jesus Christ is fully Divine and fully human, except without sin, based on a unity in Him of Divine and human natures, and that, therefore, the Virgin Mary may be called the Theotokos. Thus they condemned Nestorianism, though they refused to condemn Nestorius. Peace was restored a few years later, by the work of Paul of Emessa, who convinced John of Antioch to condemn Nestorius and St Cyril of Alexandria to agree to the Antiochian confession without, however, refuting his 12 anathemas.<br />
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The Ephesian Council was not, however, accepted by some in Syria. Among those who agreed with the Orthodox teaching but rejected the Council was Theodoret of Cyrrhus. Thus, a strong Nestorian party arose in the Syrian and Mesopotamian churches. After agreeing to a common confession with St Cyril of Alexandria, John of Antioch began working on eradicating Nestorianism in the Eastern churches. What could not be accomplished by conviction was done with the help of the civil authorities, who imprisoned several Nestorian bishops.<br />
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John of Antioch ordered the destruction of the Edessa theological school, which spread Nestorian ideas. [[Ibo of Edessa]] and other theologians who accused St Cyril of unorthodoxy were exiled. At the same time, St Cyril wrote a refutation of Theodore of Mopsuestia. However, this refutation, too, was not accepted by all. Theodoret defended Theodore of Mopsuestia. Meanwhile, Ibo became bishop of Edessa, and spread Nestorian ideas. In his famous letter to Marius the Persian, Ivo of Edessa condemned Nestorius for refusing to use the term ''[[Theotokos]]'' but also condemned St Cyril for preaching [[Apollinarianism]]. In 489, the Edessa school was again destroyed, and Nestorian theologians fled to Persia were they finally broke with the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. In 499, at a council in Seleucia, the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] was condemned and the Nestorians formally split from the Church. They formed the Chaldean or [[Assyrian Church of the East|Assyrian Church]], which governs itself with its own Patriarch. Nestorians also have a community in India, called the [[Thomites]].<br />
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== Nestorianism and the Fifth Ecumenical Council ==<br />
In their struggle against Nestorianism, some theologians went as far as the other extreme. They denied completely the presence of human nature in Jesus Christ, accepting only one Divine Nature in one Divine Hypostasis. Thus, they are called Monophysites (believers in one nature). Condemned at the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] in Chalcedon, Monophysites accused the Council and the Church of restoring Nestorianism.<br />
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The basis for accusation in the 6th Century was the Church's unclear position on Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, and Ibo of Edessa. Their writings, which became known as the [[Three Chapters]] were a cause of debate that resulted in the calling of the [[Fifth Ecumenical Council]] in 553.<br />
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At the Council, the Church condemned Theodore of Mopsuestia as a heretic. In addition, the Church condemned the writings of Theodoret against St Cyril and the letter of Ibo of Edessa to Marius the Perian. The Church did not condemn Theodoret and Ibo in their persons, because they repented of Nestorianism and condemned Nestorius.<br />
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== Nestorian Communities Today ==<br />
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The Assyrian Church of the East is a Nestorian body with jurisdiction in Iraq and Eastern Iran. It is sometimes referred to as the ''Assyrian Orthodox Church'', not to be confused with the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]], a Non-Chalcedonian body, the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], an Eastern Catholic body, or the Orthodox [[Church of Antioch]], an Orthodox local church. <br />
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The schism between the Assyrian Church and the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church began at the Council of Seleucia in 410, where Mesopotamian Christians declared their independence from the Patriarch of [[Antioch]]. The split solidified after the condemnation of Nestorius at the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] and the destruction of the theological school at Edessa. There were other issues at play in the schism - the Assyrians resided in the Persian Empire and did not want to be seen as siding with the Roman Emperor. There was also a large influx of Nestorian Christians into Persia fleeing Roman persecution.<br />
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In the 15th century, the church decreed that the title of Patriarch could pass only to relatives of then-patriarch Mar Shimun IV. This upset many in the church's hierarchy, and in 1552 a rival Patriarch, Mar Yohanan Soulaqa VIII was elected. This rival Patriarch met with the Pope and entered into communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The Assyrian Church now had two rival leaders, a hereditary patriarch in Alqosh (in modern-day northern Iraq), and a Papal-appointed patriarch in Diyarbakir (in modern-day eastern Turkey). This situation lasted until 1662 when the Patriarch in Diyarbakir, Mar Shimun XIII Denha, broke communion with Rome, and moved his seat to the village of Qochanis in the Turkish mountains. The Vatican responded by appointing a new patriarch to Diyarbakir to govern the Assyrians who stayed loyal to the Holy See. This became known as the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], an Eastern Catholic body. In 1804 the hereditary line of Patriarchs in Alqosh died out, and that church's hierarchy decided to accept the authority of the Chaldean patriarchs.<br />
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Assyrians faced reprisals under the Hashemite monarchy for co-operating with the British, and most fled to the West. The Patriarch of Babylon is currently based in Chicago, Illinois, and less than 1 million of the world's 4.5 million Assyrians remain in Iraq.<br />
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The Chaldean community was less numerous at the time of the British Mandate of Palestine, and did not play a major role in the British rule of the country. However with the exodus of Assyrians, the Chaldean Catholic Church became the largest non-Muslim group in Iraq, and many later rose to power in the Ba'ath Party government, the most prominent being Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz.<br />
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In 1964, the issue of hereditary succession again caused a schism, with the election of Mar Thomas Darmo as a rival to the hereditary Mar Simon XXIII. Mar Simon resigned in 1973, and was assassinated in 1975 during negotiations over his possible reinstatement. Mar Dinkha IV was elected as Simon's successor, and announced the permanent end of the hereditary succession. While this removes the underlying dispute, the rift between the rival Patriarchs still exists, with Mar Addai as the successor to Mar Thomas Darmo.<br />
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On November 11, 1994, an historic meeting of Mar Dinkha IV and Catholic Pope John Paul II took place in the Vatican and a Common Christological Declaration was signed. One side effect of this meeting was that the Assyrian Church's relationship to the Chaldean Catholic Church was improved.<br />
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There are also large numbers of Assyrian congregations in Iran. In addition, a few remain in Iraq, a single parish exists in China, and the Church has its headquarters (along with four other houses of worship) in Chicago, Illinois, United States.<br />
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Current status:<br />
* Primate: Mar Dinkha IV, [[Catholicos]] and Patriarch of Babylon (Qochanis)<br />
* Primate: Mar Addai II, Catholicos and Patriarch of Babylon (Baghdad)<br />
* Headquarters: Chicago, IL<br />
* Faithful: about 4.5 million<br />
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'''Christology'''<br />
Usually, the Assyrian Church of the East denies that it teaches [[Nestorianism]]. On November 11, 1994 Mar Dinkha IV and Pope John Paul II signed a "Common Christological Declaration" which affirmed that Catholics and Assyrians share a union in their understanding of the Son of God. [http://www.cnewacanada.ca/ecc-bodypg-ca.aspx?eccpageID=1&IndexView=toc] In 1997 the Assyrian Church halted anathemas of other churches in its liturgy. On the other hand, it has recognized [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] as a [[saint]].<br />
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== Protestant Theology as a form of Crypto-Nestorianism ==<br />
In their refusal to venerate the [[Virgin Mary]], modern Evangelical Protestants deny the use of the term [[Theotokos]]. In defending this, many Evangelical Protestants argue that the Virgin Mary could not have given birth to God but only to the man Jesus. They thus again separate in the Theandric Godman Jesus a human and a Divine person and teach Nestorianism.<br />
<br />
The error of this thinking lies in the failure to understand the intricacies of Christology and the doctrine of Incarnation. A proper understanding of the [[Virgin Mary]] is required for a proper understanding of [[Jesus Christ]]. If Mary is not Theotokos, then Christ is not Godman. Likewise, if Christ is Godman, then Mary is Theotokos. If Mary is not Ever-Virgin, then Christ did not become God Incarnate. If Christ became God Incarnate, then Mary is Ever-Virgin. If Mary is not the Queen Mother, then Christ is not King; if Christ is King, then Mary is Queen Mother.<br />
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For more on the importance of Our Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary to a proper understanding of the dogmas of the Incarnation and the Trinity, see George S. Gabriel, ''Mary, the Untrodden Portal of God''<br />
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== Sources ==<br />
*Talberg, D. N., ''История Христианской Церкви (A History of the Christian Church)'', Moscow, Russia: St Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Institute.<br />
*Gabriel, George S., ''Mary: The Untrodden Portal of God'', Ridgewood, NJ: Zephyr Publishing, 2000<br />
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[[Category:Heresies]]<br />
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[[ar:نسطورية]]<br />
[[ro:Nestorianism]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80384Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T17:01:22Z<p>Kadylo: /* External links */</p>
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<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
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==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
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Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
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*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
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Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
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The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
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===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
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#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
These Orthodox churches have frequently maintained good relations with the UOC-KP. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada uses the UOC-KP's liturgical books as their official translations. [http://uocc.ca/pdf/documents/Blessing%20of%20Books.PDF] However, tensions have emerged recently with the expansion of UOC-KP parishes into North America outside of the jurisdictions of the already standing UOC.[http://saveouruoc.com/frontpage.html][http://www.saveouruoc.com/coopercity.html] There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://uaoc.org/ Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church of North and South America and the Diaspora], official website (English, Ukrainian, Spanish)<br />
*[http://www.uaocamerica.org/ Ukrainian Autonomous Orthodox Church of America], official website (English)<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church], official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.uocc.ca/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada], official website (English, Ukrainian)<br />
*[http://www.uocofusa.org/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the United States of America], official website (English, Ukrainian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80383Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T17:00:17Z<p>Kadylo: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
<br />
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
<br />
Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
<br />
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
These Orthodox churches have frequently maintained good relations with the UOC-KP. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada uses the UOC-KP's liturgical books as their official translations. [http://uocc.ca/pdf/documents/Blessing%20of%20Books.PDF] However, tensions have emerged recently with the expansion of UOC-KP parishes into North America outside of the jurisdictions of the already standing UOC.[http://saveouruoc.com/frontpage.html][http://www.saveouruoc.com/coopercity.html] There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://uaoc.org/ Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church of North and South America and the Diaspora], official website (English, Ukrainian, Spanish)<br />
*[http://www.uaocamerica.org/ Ukrainian [Autocephalous] Orthodox Church of America], official website (English)<br />
*[http://www.ugcc.org.ua/ Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church], official website (English, Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.uocc.ca/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada], official website (English, Ukrainian)<br />
*[http://www.uocofusa.org/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the United States of America], official website (English, Ukrainian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80382Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T16:55:11Z<p>Kadylo: /* Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
<br />
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
<br />
Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
<br />
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
These Orthodox churches have frequently maintained good relations with the UOC-KP. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada uses the UOC-KP's liturgical books as their official translations. [http://uocc.ca/pdf/documents/Blessing%20of%20Books.PDF] However, tensions have emerged recently with the expansion of UOC-KP parishes into North America outside of the jurisdictions of the already standing UOC.[http://saveouruoc.com/frontpage.html][http://www.saveouruoc.com/coopercity.html] There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80381Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T16:54:08Z<p>Kadylo: /* Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
<br />
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
<br />
Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
<br />
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
These Orthodox churches have frequently maintained good relations with the UOC-KP. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada uses the UOC-KP's liturgical books as their official translations. [http://uocc.ca/pdf/documents/Blessing%20of%20Books.PDF] However, tensions have emerged recently with the expansion of UOC-KP parishes into North America outside of the jurisdictions of the already standing UOC. See [http://saveouruoc.com/frontpage.html]and[http://www.saveouruoc.com/coopercity.html]. There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80379Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T16:53:29Z<p>Kadylo: /* Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
<br />
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
<br />
Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
<br />
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
These Orthodox churches have frequently maintained good relations with the UOC-KP. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada uses the UOC-KP's liturgical books as their official translations. [http://uocc.ca/pdf/documents/Blessing%20of%20Books.PDF] However, tensions have emerged recently with the expansion of UOC-KP parishes into North America outside of the jurisdictions of the already standing UOC. See [http://saveouruoc.com/frontpage.html] and [http://www.saveouruoc.com/coopercity.html]. There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80378Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T16:43:18Z<p>Kadylo: /* Orthodox-Uniate divisions */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
<br />
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
<br />
Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Orthodox-Eastern Catholic divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
<br />
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
<br />
{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Church_of_Ukraine&diff=80377Church of Ukraine2009-01-26T16:42:56Z<p>Kadylo: /* Orthodox-Uniate divisions */</p>
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<div>{{church|<br />
name= Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)|<br />
founder= [[Apostle Andrew]]; St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]]|<br />
independence=1990 |<br />
recognition= 1990 by [[Church of Russia]] |<br />
primate=[[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Metr. Volodymyr]]|<br />
hq=Kiev, Ukraine|<br />
territory=Ukraine|<br />
possessions= N/A|<br />
language=[[Church Slavonic]], & Ukrainian|<br />
music=[[Kyivan Chant]]|<br />
calendar=[[Julian Calendar|Julian]]|<br />
population=35,000,000|<br />
website=[http://orthodox.org.ua/eng UOC]<br />
}}<br />
The '''Church of Ukraine''' is an [[autonomy|autonomous]] Orthodox church whose [[primate]] is confirmed by the [[Church of Russia]]. Its history extends to the introduction of Christianity into Kievan Rus' with the [[baptism]] of Prince St. [[Vladimir of Kiev]] and his people in 988, known as the [[Baptism of Rus']]. Its current primate is His Beatitude [[Volodymyr (Sabodan) of Kiev|Volodymyr (Sabodan)]] (who resides at the [[Monastery of the Kiev Caves|Kiev Pechersk Lavra]], which is the heartbeat of Ukrainian Orthodoxy), Metropolitan of Kiev and All Ukraine. Its autonomy is currently not recognized in international Orthodox gatherings.<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
{{stub}}<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodox divisions==<br />
:''Main article: [[Orthodox divisions in Ukraine]]''<br />
<br />
Orthodox Christianity in Ukraine is currently divided into three main factions:<br />
<br />
*Church of Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate) (UOC-MP) (which this article covers)<br />
*[[Church of Ukraine (Kiev Patriarchate)]] (UOC-KP)<br />
*[[Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church]] (UAOC)<br />
<br />
Only the UOC-MP is currently in [[full communion]] with the [[Church of Russia]] and the remainder of the mainstream Orthodox Church.<br />
<br />
The Ukrainian Church with about 9.5 million faithful is under the canonical jurisdiction of Moscow; the two breakaway churches with 14.5 million faithful combined, developed after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[http://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?id=15841 A Schism in the Orthodox Church?] George Gilson. Spero News, August 01, 2008</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===Orthodox-Uniate divisions===<br />
In 2004, there were 10,310 Ukrainian Orthodox and 3,328 [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] Greek Catholic (UGCC) congregations registered in Ukraine.<ref>[http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20050630/40819891.html Ukraine: Conflict between Orthodoxy and Greek Catholicism]</ref><br />
<br />
==Structure of the Church==<br />
Church of Ukraine in 2007 has 42<ref>http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/2007/08/23/1626.html , http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/istoriya_eparhiy_0 (in ukrainian).</ref> [[diocese|dioceses]] (eparchies):<br />
<br />
#Diocese of Berdyansk<ref>Transliteration of cities according to [[w:Administrative divisions of Ukraine]].</ref> (established in 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Bila Tserkva (1030th as Diocese of Yuriiv; re-established in 1994)<br />
#Diocese of Cherkasy (1898)<br />
#Diocese of Chernihiv (988)<br />
#Diocese of Chernivtsi (1401; 1783)<br />
#Diocese of Dnipropetrovsk (1775; 1803; 1926)<br />
#Diocese of Donetsk (1991)<br />
#Diocese of Horlivka (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Ivano-Frankivsk (1946)<br />
#Diocese of Kahovka<br />
#Diocese of Kamyanets-Podilsk (1795)<br />
#Diocese of Kharkiv (1799; 1836)<br />
#Diocese of Kherson (1775; 1837; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Khmelnytskyi (1795; 1990)<br />
#Diocese of Khust (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kirovohrad (1947)<br />
#Diocese of Konotop (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Kremenchuk<br />
#Diocese of Kryvyi Rih (1996)<br />
#Diocese of Kyiv (Kiev) (988)<br />
#Diocese of Luhansk (1944)<br />
#Diocese of Lviv (1156)<br />
#Diocese of Mykolaiv (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Nizhyn (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Odessa (1873; 1991)<br />
#Diocese of Olexandria (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Ovruch (1993)<br />
#Diocese of Poltava (1054; 1803)<br />
#Diocese of Rivne (1990)<br />
#Diocese of Sarny (1999)<br />
#Diocese of Severodonetsk (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Shepetivka (2007)<br />
#Diocese of Simferopol (1859)<br />
#Diocese of Sumy (1945)<br />
#Diocese of Ternopil (1988)<br />
#Diocese of Tulchyn (1994)<br />
#Diocese of Uzhhorod and Mukacheve (9 century; 2007)<br />
#Diocese of Vinnytsia (1933)<br />
#Diocese of Volodymyr-Volynskyi (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Volyn (992; 1996)<br />
#Diocese of Zaporizhia (1992)<br />
#Diocese of Zhytomyr (1799; 1944)<br />
<br />
==Current episcopacy==<br />
By their rank<ref>In Ukrainian (and Russian) tradition "[[metropolitan]]" is higher status than "[[archbishop]]".</ref>.<br />
The Church currently has 58 bishops (42 diocesan bishops, 12 vicar bishops, and 4 retired), which consists of 10 [[metropolitan]]s, 21 [[archbishop]]s, and 26 [[bishop]]s. There is also 8516 priests, and 443 deacons.[http://orthodox.org.ua/uk/node/227]<br />
<br />
===Primate===<br />
# [[Volodymyr (Sabodan)]], metropolitan of Kyiv and all Ukraine, [[Primate]] (Predstoyatel) of Ukrainian Orthodox Church<br />
<br />
===Diocesan bishops===<br />
# Nykodym (Rusnak), metropolitan of Kharkiv and Bohodukhiv (1961)<br />
# Iryney (Seredniy), metropolitan of Dnipropetrovsk and Pavlohrad (1975)<br />
# Agafangel (Savvin), metropolitan of Odessa and Izmail (1975)<br />
# Lazar (Shvets), metropolitan of Simferopol and Crimea (1980)<br />
# Ioannykiy (Kobzev), metropolitan of Luhansk and Alchevsk (1990)<br />
# Nyfont (Solodukha), metropolitan of Lutsk and Volyn (1990)<br />
# Onufriy (Berezovkyi), metropolitan of Chernivtsi and Bukovyna (1990)<br />
# Ilarion (Shukalo), metropolitan of Donetsk and Mariupol (1991)<br />
# Antoniy (Fialko), metropolitan of Khmelnytskyi and Starokostiantyniv (1992)<br />
# Mark (Petrovtsiy), archbishop of Sumy and Ohtyrka (1988)<br />
# Ionafan (Yeletskykh), archbishop of Tulchyn and Bratslav (1989)<br />
# Varfolomiy (Vashchuk), archbishop of Rivne and Ostroh (1990)<br />
# Vasyliy (Zlatolynskyi), archbishop of Zaporizhia and Melitopol (1990)<br />
# Serhiy (Hensytskyi), archbishop of Ternopil and Kremenetsk (1991)<br />
# Feodor (Hayun), archbishop of Kamyanets'-Podilskyi and Horodotskyi (1992)<br />
# Sofroniy (Dmytruk), archbishop of Cherkasy and Kaniv (1992)<br />
# Vissarion (Stretovych), archbishop of Ovruch and Korosten (1992)<br />
# Pytyrym (Starynskyi), archbishop of Mykolaiv and Voznesensk (1992)<br />
# Avhustyn (Markevych), archbishop of Lviv and Halych (1992)<br />
# Anatoliy (Hladkyi), archbishop of Sarny and Polissia (1993)<br />
# Huriy (Kuzmenko), archbishop of Zhytomyr and Novohrad-Volynsk (1994)<br />
# Symeon (Shostatskyi), archbishop of Vinnytsia and Mohyliv-Podilskyi (1996)<br />
# Yefrem (Kytsay), archbishop of Kryvoriz and Nikopol' (1996)<br />
# Ioann (Siopko), archbishop of Kherson and Tavria (1996)<br />
# Mytrofan (Yurchuk), archbishop of Bila Tserkva and Bohuslav (2000)<br />
# Fylyp (Osadchenko), archbishop of Poltava and Myrhorod (2001)<br />
# Panteleimon (Romanovsky), bishop of Kirovohrad and Novomyrhorod (1992)<br />
# Inokentiy (Shestopal), bishop of Konotop and Hlukhiv (1996)<br />
# Amvrosiy (Polikopa), bishop of Chernihiv and Novhorod-Siverskyi (1998)<br />
# Ahapit (Bevtsyk), bishop of Syeverodonets' and Starobil' (1998)<br />
# Panteleimon (Bashchuk), bishop of Olexandria and Svitlovodsk (2000)<br />
# Mytrofan (Nikitin), bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (2007)<br />
# Yelysey (Ivanov), bishop of Berdiansk and Prymorsk (2007)<br />
# Nykodym (Horenko), bishop of Volodymyr-Volynsk and Kovel (2007)<br />
# Iryney (Semko), bishop of Nizhyn and Baturyn (2007)<br />
# Volodymyr (Melnyk), bishop of Shepetivka and Slavuta (2007)<br />
# Ilariy (Shyshkovskyi), bishop of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (2007)<br />
# Panteleimon (Luhovyi), bishop of Ivano-Frankivsk and Kolomyia (2007)<br />
<br />
===Auxiliary bishops===<br />
# Mykolaj (Hrokh), archbishop of Bilohorod (Metropolis of Kyiv) (1992)<br />
# Pavel (Lebid), archbishop of Vyshhorod (Metropolis of Kyiv), [[superior]] of [[Kiev-Pechersk Lavra]] (1997)<br />
# Onufriy (Lehkyi), archbishop of Izyum (Diocese of Kharkiv) (2000)<br />
# Volodymyr (Moroz), archbishop of Pochaiv (Metropolis of Kyiv), superior of [[Pochaev Lavra of the Dormition of the Theotokos|Pochaiv Lavra]] (2000)<br />
# Luka (Kovalenko), bishop of Vasylkiv (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2005)<br />
# Arseniy (Yakovenko), bishop of Sviatohirsk (Diocese of Horlivka) (2005)<br />
# Meletiy (Yehorenko), bishop of Khotyn (Diocese of Chernivtsi) (2006)<br />
# Oleksiy (Hrokha), bishop of Bilhorod-Dnistrovsk (Diocese of Odessa) (2006)<br />
# Antoniy (Pakanych), bishop of Boryspil (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2006)<br />
# Varnava (Filatov), bishop of Makiyivka (Diocese of Donetsk) (2007)<br />
# Serafym (Demyaniv), bishop of Yahotyn (Metropolis of Kyiv) (2007)<br />
# Alexander (Drabynko), bishop of Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Metropolis of Kyiv), secretary of the Metropolitan of Kyiv (2007)<br />
<br />
===Retired bishops===<br />
# Mefodiy (Petrovtsiy), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1994-1998)<br />
# Alipiy (Pohrebniak), schibishop<ref>Bishop in monastic schema.</ref>, ex-bishop of Horlivka and Slovyansk (1991-1997)<br />
# Ipolyt (Khylko), ex-bishop of Khust and Vynohradiv (1992-2006)<br />
# Serhiy (Zaliznytskyi), schibishop, ex-bishop Serafim of Severodonetsk and Starobilsk (1994-2007)<br />
<br />
==Monasteries==<br />
*[[Samara Desert-Nicholas Monastery]], Novomoskovsk, Ukraine.<br />
<br />
==Ukrainian Orthodoxy abroad==<br />
Orthodox churches of the Ukrainian tradition outside of Ukraine are mainly cared for by the [[Church of Constantinople|Ecumenical Patriarchate]], including:<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the USA]]<br />
*[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada]]<br />
<br />
There are also Ukrainian parishes outside of Ukraine in dioceses of [[Moscow Patriarchate]] [http://orthodox.org.ua/eng/node/54].<br />
<br />
But even outside the Ukraine there are splinter groups. These include<br />
*[[Autonomous Ukrainian Orthodox Church in America]] (AUOCA) which was formerly known as the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church - Canonical and which claims its lineage through the [[Tomos]] of Autonomy of 1924 given by the Orthodox Church of Poland.<br />
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==References==<br />
<references/><br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Union of Brest-Litovsk]]<br />
*[[List of Metropolitans of Kiev]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://www.orthodox.org.ua/eng/ Ukrainian Orthodox Church], official website (English)<br />
*[http://pravoslavye.org.ua/ Orthodox Ukraine], website of UOC press service (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
*[http://orthodoxy.org.ua/ Orthodoxy in Ukraine], UOC news website (Ukrainian, Russian)<br />
<br />
*[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/ Religious-Information Service of Ukraine], (Ukrainian, English, Russian, German, Italian)<br />
* Interfax-Religion. [http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=2192 Orthodox public concerned for threat of neo-nazism in Ukraine] 27 October, 2006.<br />
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{{churches}}<br />
[[Category:Jurisdictions|Ukraine]]<br />
<br />
[[fr:Église d'Ukraine (Patriarcat de Moscou)]]<br />
[[ro:Biserica Ortodoxă a Ucrainei]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Nestorianism&diff=80376Nestorianism2009-01-26T16:40:54Z<p>Kadylo: /* Nestorian Communities Today */</p>
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<div>'''Nestorianism''' is a [[Christology|Christological]] [[heresy]] which originated in the Church in the 5th century out of an attempt to rationally explain and understand the [[incarnation]] of the divine Logos, the Second Person of the [[Holy Trinity]] as the man [[Jesus Christ]]. Nestorianism teaches that the human and divine essences of Christ are separate and that there are two persons, the man Jesus Christ and the divine Logos, which dwelt in the man. Thus, Nestorians reject such terminology as "God suffered" or "God was crucified", because they believe that the man Jesus Christ suffered. Likewise, they reject the term ''[[Theotokos]]'' (Giver of birth to God) for the Virgin Mary, using instead the term ''Christotokos'' (giver of birth to Christ) or ''Anthropotokos'' (giver of birth to a man).<br />
<br />
<br />
== Origins of Nestorianism ==<br />
Nestorian ideas were first developed in the writings of [[Diodore of Tarsus]] against the [[heresy]] of [[Apollinarius]]. In refuting [[Apollinarianism]], Diodore wrote that at the time of the Incarnation and after the Incarnation, the Divine and human natures of Jesus Christ were divided to such an extent that there was complete independence of natures and no union whatsoever.<br />
<br />
These ideas were further developed by [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] (3??-429), a scholar in the Antochian tradition. Theodore taught that the human and Divine natures of Christ were so completely separate that there was only contact between them, but no union of any kind. In developing his ideas, Theodore wrote that the Man Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary completely naturally and with all faults of men, and that God the Logos (Word), having foreknown the Man's triumph over sin, chose to redeem the human race through Him by becoming united with Him by Grace from the time of His conception. Because of His triumph over sin, the Man Jesus was made worthy of being called Son of God at the time of the Theophany. Then, after His complete triumph over sin during His passion, He was united even more closely with the Divine Logos, becoming God's tool for the salvation of mankind.<br />
<br />
Based on these ideas, Theodore was the first to be opposed to the use of language applying to God as a description of Jesus Christ. Thus, he was opposed to the terms "God was crucified", "God suffered", or "God was born", because, he believed, only the Man Jesus was born and God dwelt in the Man Jesus. For this reason, Theodore called Jesus the Theophoros (Bearer of God). He was also opposed to the term Theotokos (Giver of birth to God) for the Virgin Mary, because, he taught, she gave birth only to the Man Jesus. Theodore's beliefs were quite heretical, since, if taken to their logical conclusion, they deny redemption and salvation; if only the Man Jesus suffered on the Cross and died for the sins of men, then how does the suffering of a man redeem the human race?<br />
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== Nestorianism as a public teaching ==<br />
Nestorian ideas were originally confined to the writings of Diodore, [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] and their close followers in Antioch. However, in 428, Emperor Theodore II called the Antiochian Priest-monk [[Nestorius]], known for his zeal, to come to Constantinople. Nestorius, who brought with him the [[Priest]] Anastasius was made Archbishop of Constantinople. In a series of homilies in Constantinople, Anastasius denied the existence of one Theandric Person (The Godman) in Jesus Christ, teaching in Him a division of persons, and attacked the use of the term Theotokos, using instead the term Anthropotokos. This was quite controversial, since the Constantinopolitan faithful were acustomed to using the term Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. To defend Anastasius, Nestorius also said a series of homilies, preaching the teachings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, though using the term Christotokos instead of Anthropotokos.<br />
<br />
Constantinopolitan [[theologian]]s rose up against the teachings of Nestorius and accused him of preaching the heresy of [[Paul of Samosata]] (see [[Antitrinitarianism]]). Nestorius then called a council at Constantinople in 429 and condemned those who disagreed with him.<br />
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== Resistance to Nestorianism ==<br />
The fiercest opposition to Nestorianism came from St [[Cyril of Alexandria]], a theologian from the Alexandrian school. In a series of epistles and letters to [[Nestorius]], Emperor Theodore II, and Empress Eudoxia, St Cyril outlined the Orthodox teaching and accused Nestorius of heresy. St Cyril then wrote to Pope Celestine of Rome about the teaching of Nestorius.<br />
In 430, Pope Celestine called a council at Rome, which condemned Nestorius and called for him to be deposed. Pope Celestine sent copies of the council's decision to St Cyril of Alexandria, who also called a council in Alexandria in 430. At this council, St Cyril issued his famous 12 [[anathema]]s against Nestorius, which stated:<br />
<br />
* If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is God in truth, and therefore that the Holy Virgin is the Mother of God (for she bore in a fleshly way the Word of God become flesh), let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone does not confess that the Word from God the Father has been united by hypostasis with the flesh and is one Christ with his own flesh, and is therefore God and man together, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the Gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone dares to say that Christ was a God-bearing man and not rather God in truth, being by nature one Son, even as "the Word became flesh," and is made partaker of blood and flesh precisely like us, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that the Word from God the Father was the God or master of Christ, and does not rather confess the same both God and man, the Word having become flesh, according to the scriptures, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that as man Jesus was activated by the Word of God and was clothed with the glory of the Only-begotten, as a being separate from him, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshiped and glorified together with the Divine Word and be called God along with Him, while being separate from Him, (for the addition of "with" must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to Him one doxology, even as "the Word became flesh", let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that the one Lord Jesus Christ was glorified by the Spirit, as making use of an alien power that worked through Him and as having received from Him the power to master unclean spirits and to work divine wonders among people, and does not rather say that it was His own proper Spirit through whom He worked the divine wonders, let him be anathema.<br />
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* The divine scripture says Christ became "the high priest and apostle of our confession"; He offered Himself to God the Father in an odour of sweetness for our sake. If anyone, therefore, says that it was not the very Word from God who became our high priest and apostle, when He became flesh and a man like us, but as it were another who was separate from him, in particular a man from a woman, or if anyone says that He offered the sacrifice also for Himself and not rather for us alone (for He who knew no sin, needed no offering), let him be anathema.<br />
<br />
* If anyone does not confess that the flesh of the Lord is life-giving and belongs to the Word from God the Father, but maintains that it belongs to another besides Him, united with Him in dignity or as enjoying a mere divine indwelling, and is not rather life-giving, as we said, since it became the flesh belonging to the Word who has power to bring all things to life, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that the Word of God suffered in the flesh and was crucified in the flesh and tasted death in the flesh and became the first born of the dead, although as God He is life and life-giving, let him be anathema.<br />
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== The Third Ecumenical Council ==<br />
Not all accepted the position of St Cyril and the Alexandrian council. Nestorius published 12 anathemas of his own, in which he condemned those who attributed suffering and birth to God. Nestorius believed that they denied God the honour due Him by teaching that the Uncircumscribable can be circumscribed or that the Changeless can suffer.<br />
Certain Syrian bishops also rose to the defense of Nestorius. Among them was [[Theodoret of Cyrrhus]], who wrote a refutation of the anathemas of St Cyril.<br />
<br />
To put an end to the dispute, Emperor Theodore II called a council at Ephesus, which was to convene on the day of [[Pentecost]], 431. This became known as the [[Third Ecumenical Council]]. St Cyril of Alexandria arrived with 40 Egyptian bishops; the other churches were represented by Yuvenali of Jerusalem with Palestinian bishops, Thermos of Caesarea in Cappadocia, and Flavian of Thessaloniki. Nestorius arrived with his bishops and two governement officials-Candidian and Ireneaus, representing the Emperor. Memnon of Ephesus hosted the Council. The only representatives not there were [[John of Antioch]] and the Syrian bishops and the legates of Pope Celestine of Rome.<br />
<br />
After waiting for 10 days for the arrival of the absent delegates, St Cyril of Alexandria decided to convene the Council without them on [[June 22]], 431. The 200 bishops present read the teachings of Nestorius, the teachings of St Cyril of Alexandria, the writings of the Fathers, and found that Nestorius was teaching heresy and the St Cyril's teaching reflected the Orthodox position. The decisions of the Council were signed and sent to Constantinople for the Emperor and the Constantinopolitan faithful. Nestorius was invited to attend and defend himself, but refused to do so, and a wrote to the Emperor accusing St Cyril and Memnon of holding an illegal council and plotting against Nestorius.<br />
<br />
At this time, [[John of Antioch]] and 33 Syrian bishops arrived at Ephesus. Not recognizing the decision of the Council, John and the Syrian bishops refused to enter into communion with St Cyril, and, together with Nestorius and a few bishops who defected from St Cyril's council organized a rebel council. At this council, they condemned St Cyril, Memnon of Ephesus, and the other Fathers, falsely accusing them of the heresies of [[Arius]], [[Apollinarius]], and [[Eunomius]]. The proceedings were signed and sent to Constantinople.<br />
<br />
Emperor Theodore, unsure of the proper course of action, ordered both councils to close, the proceedings to be destroyed, and the all the Fathers to convene one Council. While messengers were going back and forward between the Palace and Ephesus, St Cyril of Alexandria convened his Council again. At the second session, the Council found Orthodox the epistle of Pope Celestines, finally delivered by his legates. At the third session, the legates signed the condemnation of Nestorius. At the fourth session, the Council found invalid the condemnation of St Cyril and Memnon by John of Antioch and his council. At the fifth session, St Cyril and Memnon condemned the heresies of Arius, Apollinarius, and Eunomius, and the Council condemned John of Antioch and the rebel council. At the sixth session, the council decreed that no changes or additions can be made to the [[Nicene Creed]]. At the seventh, and final session, the Council made decisions concerning the boundaries of various dioceses.<br />
<br />
Emperor Theodore, at the time under the influence of the Nestorian party at the Court, ordered Nestorius, Memnon, and St Cyril to be arrested and a new council to be convened. No agreement, however, could be reached. St Cyril, meanwhile, wrote to Abba Dalmatius in Constantinople, calling him to action for the defence of Orthodoxy. Abba Dalmatius, who for 48 years never left his monastery, marched together with the Constantinopolitan faithful to the Palace and called on the Emperor to release the Orthodox bishops and to condemn Nestorius. The people then proclaimed anathema on Nestorius.<br />
<br />
The Emperor finally sided with the Orthodox position. To get the Fathers to agree, he called on deputies to be sent to Chalcedon from both councils. The deputies, which included the Papal legates and Bishop Yuvenali of Jerusalem on one side and Theodoret and John of Antioch on the other arrived, but could not agree. While the Syrian bishops agreed in principle to the condemnation of Nestorius, they rejected the anathemas of St Cyril, calling them heretical. The Emperor then ordered all bishops to return to their cathedras, and ordered the deposition of Nestorius.<br />
<br />
== Nestorianism after the Council ==<br />
On their way back to their sees, the Syrian bishops called two more councils. At the first council, at Tarsus, they once again condemned St Cyril and Memnon. At the second council, in Antioch, they confessed that the Lord Jesus Christ is fully Divine and fully human, except without sin, based on a unity in Him of Divine and human natures, and that, therefore, the Virgin Mary may be called the Theotokos. Thus they condemned Nestorianism, though they refused to condemn Nestorius. Peace was restored a few years later, by the work of Paul of Emessa, who convinced John of Antioch to condemn Nestorius and St Cyril of Alexandria to agree to the Antiochian confession without, however, refuting his 12 anathemas.<br />
<br />
The Ephesian Council was not, however, accepted by some in Syria. Among those who agreed with the Orthodox teaching but rejected the Council was Theodoret of Cyrrhus. Thus, a strong Nestorian party arose in the Syrian and Mesopotamian churches. After agreeing to a common confession with St Cyril of Alexandria, John of Antioch began working on eradicating Nestorianism in the Eastern churches. What could not be accomplished by conviction was done with the help of the civil authorities, who imprisoned several Nestorian bishops.<br />
<br />
John of Antioch ordered the destruction of the Edessa theological school, which spread Nestorian ideas. [[Ibo of Edessa]] and other theologians who accused St Cyril of unorthodoxy were exiled. At the same time, St Cyril wrote a refutation of Theodore of Mopsuestia. However, this refutation, too, was not accepted by all. Theodoret defended Theodore of Mopsuestia. Meanwhile, Ibo became bishop of Edessa, and spread Nestorian ideas. In his famous letter to Marius the Persian, Ivo of Edessa condemned Nestorius for refusing to use the term ''[[Theotokos]]'' but also condemned St Cyril for preaching [[Apollinarianism]]. In 489, the Edessa school was again destroyed, and Nestorian theologians fled to Persia were they finally broke with the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. In 499, at a council in Seleucia, the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] was condemned and the Nestorians formally split from the Church. They formed the Chaldean or [[Assyrian Church of the East|Assyrian Church]], which governs itself with its own Patriarch. Nestorians also have a community in India, called the [[Thomites]].<br />
<br />
== Nestorianism and the Fifth Ecumenical Council ==<br />
In their struggle against Nestorianism, some theologians went as far as the other extreme. They denied completely the presence of human nature in Jesus Christ, accepting only one Divine Nature in one Divine Hypostasis. Thus, they are called Monophysites (believers in one nature). Condemned at the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] in Chalcedon, Monophysites accused the Council and the Church of restoring Nestorianism.<br />
<br />
The basis for accusation in the 6th Century was the Church's unclear position on Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, and Ibo of Edessa. Their writings, which became known as the [[Three Chapters]] were a cause of debate that resulted in the calling of the [[Fifth Ecumenical Council]] in 553.<br />
<br />
At the Council, the Church condemned Theodore of Mopsuestia as a heretic. In addition, the Church condemned the writings of Theodoret against St Cyril and the letter of Ibo of Edessa to Marius the Perian. The Church did not condemn Theodoret and Ibo in their persons, because they repented of Nestorianism and condemned Nestorius.<br />
<br />
== Nestorian Communities Today ==<br />
<br />
The Assyrian Church of the East is a Nestorian body with jurisdiction in Iraq and Eastern Iran. It is sometimes referred to as the ''Assyrian Orthodox Church'', not to be confused with the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]], a Non-Chalcedonian body, the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], an Eastern Catholic body, or the Orthodox [[Church of Antioch]], an Orthodox local church. <br />
<br />
The schism between the Assyrian Church and the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church began at the Council of Seleucia in 410, where Mesopotamian Christians declared their independence from the Patriarch of [[Antioch]]. The split solidified after the condemnation of Nestorius at the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] and the destruction of the theological school at Edessa. There were other issues at play in the schism - the Assyrians resided in the Persian Empire and did not want to be seen as siding with the Roman Emperor. There was also a large influx of Nestorian Christians into Persia fleeing Roman persecution.<br />
<br />
In the 15th century, the church decreed that the title of Patriarch could pass only to relatives of then-patriarch Mar Shimun IV. This upset many in the church's hierarchy, and in 1552 a rival Patriarch, Mar Yohanan Soulaqa VIII was elected. This rival Patriarch met with the Pope and entered into communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The Assyrian Church now had two rival leaders, a hereditary patriarch in Alqosh (in modern-day northern Iraq), and a Papal-appointed patriarch in Diyarbakir (in modern-day eastern Turkey). This situation lasted until 1662 when the Patriarch in Diyarbakir, Mar Shimun XIII Denha, broke communion with Rome, and moved his seat to the village of Qochanis in the Turkish mountains. The Vatican responded by appointing a new patriarch to Diyarbakir to govern the Assyrians who stayed loyal to the Holy See. This became known as the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], an Eastern Catholic body. In 1804 the hereditary line of Patriarchs in Alqosh died out, and that church's hierarchy decided to accept the authority of the Chaldean patriarchs.<br />
<br />
Assyrians faced reprisals under the Hashemite monarchy for co-operating with the British, and most fled to the West. The Patriarch of Babylon is currently based in Chicago, Illinois, and less than 1 million of the world's 4.5 million Assyrians remain in Iraq.<br />
<br />
The Chaldean community was less numerous at the time of the British Mandate of Palestine, and did not play a major role in the British rule of the country. However with the exodus of Assyrians, the Chaldean Catholic Church became the largest non-Muslim group in Iraq, and many later rose to power in the Ba'ath Party government, the most prominent being Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz.<br />
<br />
In 1964, the issue of hereditary succession again caused a schism, with the election of Mar Thomas Darmo as a rival to the hereditary Mar Simon XXIII. Mar Simon resigned in 1973, and was assassinated in 1975 during negotiations over his possible reinstatement. Mar Dinkha IV was elected as Simon's successor, and announced the permanent end of the hereditary succession. While this removes the underlying dispute, the rift between the rival Patriarchs still exists, with Mar Addai as the successor to Mar Thomas Darmo.<br />
<br />
On November 11, 1994, an historic meeting of Mar Dinkha IV and Catholic Pope John Paul II took place in the Vatican and a Common Christological Declaration was signed. One side effect of this meeting was that the Assyrian Church's relationship to the Chaldean Catholic Church was improved.<br />
<br />
There are also large numbers of Assyrian congregations in Iran. In addition, a few remain in Iraq, a single parish exists in China, and the Church has its headquarters (along with four other houses of worship) in Chicago, Illinois, United States.<br />
<br />
Current status:<br />
* Primate: Mar Dinkha IV, [[Catholicos]] and Patriarch of Babylon (Qochanis)<br />
* Primate: Mar Addai II, Catholicos and Patriarch of Babylon (Baghdad)<br />
* Headquarters: Chicago, IL<br />
* Faithful: about 4.5 million<br />
<br />
'''Christology'''<br />
Usually, the Assyrian Church of the East denies that it teaches [[Nestorianism]]. On November 11, 1994 Mar Dinkha IV and Pope John Paul II signed a "Common Christological Declaration" which affirmed that Catholics and Assyrians share a union in their understanding of the Son of God. In 1997 the Assyrian Church halted anathemas of other churches in its liturgy. On the other hand, it has recognized [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] as a [[saint]].<br />
<br />
== Protestant Theology as a form of Crypto-Nestorianism ==<br />
In their refusal to venerate the [[Virgin Mary]], modern Evangelical Protestants deny the use of the term [[Theotokos]]. In defending this, many Evangelical Protestants argue that the Virgin Mary could not have given birth to God but only to the man Jesus. They thus again separate in the Theandric Godman Jesus a human and a Divine person and teach Nestorianism.<br />
<br />
The error of this thinking lies in the failure to understand the intricacies of Christology and the doctrine of Incarnation. A proper understanding of the [[Virgin Mary]] is required for a proper understanding of [[Jesus Christ]]. If Mary is not Theotokos, then Christ is not Godman. Likewise, if Christ is Godman, then Mary is Theotokos. If Mary is not Ever-Virgin, then Christ did not become God Incarnate. If Christ became God Incarnate, then Mary is Ever-Virgin. If Mary is not the Queen Mother, then Christ is not King; if Christ is King, then Mary is Queen Mother.<br />
<br />
For more on the importance of Our Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary to a proper understanding of the dogmas of the Incarnation and the Trinity, see George S. Gabriel, ''Mary, the Untrodden Portal of God''<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
*Talberg, D. N., ''История Христианской Церкви (A History of the Christian Church)'', Moscow, Russia: St Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Institute.<br />
*Gabriel, George S., ''Mary: The Untrodden Portal of God'', Ridgewood, NJ: Zephyr Publishing, 2000<br />
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[[Category:Heresies]]<br />
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[[ar:نسطورية]]<br />
[[ro:Nestorianism]]</div>Kadylohttps://orthodoxwiki.org/index.php?title=Nestorianism&diff=80375Nestorianism2009-01-26T16:38:05Z<p>Kadylo: /* Nestorian Communities Today */</p>
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<div>'''Nestorianism''' is a [[Christology|Christological]] [[heresy]] which originated in the Church in the 5th century out of an attempt to rationally explain and understand the [[incarnation]] of the divine Logos, the Second Person of the [[Holy Trinity]] as the man [[Jesus Christ]]. Nestorianism teaches that the human and divine essences of Christ are separate and that there are two persons, the man Jesus Christ and the divine Logos, which dwelt in the man. Thus, Nestorians reject such terminology as "God suffered" or "God was crucified", because they believe that the man Jesus Christ suffered. Likewise, they reject the term ''[[Theotokos]]'' (Giver of birth to God) for the Virgin Mary, using instead the term ''Christotokos'' (giver of birth to Christ) or ''Anthropotokos'' (giver of birth to a man).<br />
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<br />
== Origins of Nestorianism ==<br />
Nestorian ideas were first developed in the writings of [[Diodore of Tarsus]] against the [[heresy]] of [[Apollinarius]]. In refuting [[Apollinarianism]], Diodore wrote that at the time of the Incarnation and after the Incarnation, the Divine and human natures of Jesus Christ were divided to such an extent that there was complete independence of natures and no union whatsoever.<br />
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These ideas were further developed by [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] (3??-429), a scholar in the Antochian tradition. Theodore taught that the human and Divine natures of Christ were so completely separate that there was only contact between them, but no union of any kind. In developing his ideas, Theodore wrote that the Man Jesus was born of the Virgin Mary completely naturally and with all faults of men, and that God the Logos (Word), having foreknown the Man's triumph over sin, chose to redeem the human race through Him by becoming united with Him by Grace from the time of His conception. Because of His triumph over sin, the Man Jesus was made worthy of being called Son of God at the time of the Theophany. Then, after His complete triumph over sin during His passion, He was united even more closely with the Divine Logos, becoming God's tool for the salvation of mankind.<br />
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Based on these ideas, Theodore was the first to be opposed to the use of language applying to God as a description of Jesus Christ. Thus, he was opposed to the terms "God was crucified", "God suffered", or "God was born", because, he believed, only the Man Jesus was born and God dwelt in the Man Jesus. For this reason, Theodore called Jesus the Theophoros (Bearer of God). He was also opposed to the term Theotokos (Giver of birth to God) for the Virgin Mary, because, he taught, she gave birth only to the Man Jesus. Theodore's beliefs were quite heretical, since, if taken to their logical conclusion, they deny redemption and salvation; if only the Man Jesus suffered on the Cross and died for the sins of men, then how does the suffering of a man redeem the human race?<br />
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== Nestorianism as a public teaching ==<br />
Nestorian ideas were originally confined to the writings of Diodore, [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] and their close followers in Antioch. However, in 428, Emperor Theodore II called the Antiochian Priest-monk [[Nestorius]], known for his zeal, to come to Constantinople. Nestorius, who brought with him the [[Priest]] Anastasius was made Archbishop of Constantinople. In a series of homilies in Constantinople, Anastasius denied the existence of one Theandric Person (The Godman) in Jesus Christ, teaching in Him a division of persons, and attacked the use of the term Theotokos, using instead the term Anthropotokos. This was quite controversial, since the Constantinopolitan faithful were acustomed to using the term Theotokos for the Virgin Mary. To defend Anastasius, Nestorius also said a series of homilies, preaching the teachings of Theodore of Mopsuestia, though using the term Christotokos instead of Anthropotokos.<br />
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Constantinopolitan [[theologian]]s rose up against the teachings of Nestorius and accused him of preaching the heresy of [[Paul of Samosata]] (see [[Antitrinitarianism]]). Nestorius then called a council at Constantinople in 429 and condemned those who disagreed with him.<br />
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== Resistance to Nestorianism ==<br />
The fiercest opposition to Nestorianism came from St [[Cyril of Alexandria]], a theologian from the Alexandrian school. In a series of epistles and letters to [[Nestorius]], Emperor Theodore II, and Empress Eudoxia, St Cyril outlined the Orthodox teaching and accused Nestorius of heresy. St Cyril then wrote to Pope Celestine of Rome about the teaching of Nestorius.<br />
In 430, Pope Celestine called a council at Rome, which condemned Nestorius and called for him to be deposed. Pope Celestine sent copies of the council's decision to St Cyril of Alexandria, who also called a council in Alexandria in 430. At this council, St Cyril issued his famous 12 [[anathema]]s against Nestorius, which stated:<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is God in truth, and therefore that the Holy Virgin is the Mother of God (for she bore in a fleshly way the Word of God become flesh), let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that the Word from God the Father has been united by hypostasis with the flesh and is one Christ with his own flesh, and is therefore God and man together, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the Gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone dares to say that Christ was a God-bearing man and not rather God in truth, being by nature one Son, even as "the Word became flesh," and is made partaker of blood and flesh precisely like us, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that the Word from God the Father was the God or master of Christ, and does not rather confess the same both God and man, the Word having become flesh, according to the scriptures, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that as man Jesus was activated by the Word of God and was clothed with the glory of the Only-begotten, as a being separate from him, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshiped and glorified together with the Divine Word and be called God along with Him, while being separate from Him, (for the addition of "with" must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to Him one doxology, even as "the Word became flesh", let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone says that the one Lord Jesus Christ was glorified by the Spirit, as making use of an alien power that worked through Him and as having received from Him the power to master unclean spirits and to work divine wonders among people, and does not rather say that it was His own proper Spirit through whom He worked the divine wonders, let him be anathema.<br />
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* The divine scripture says Christ became "the high priest and apostle of our confession"; He offered Himself to God the Father in an odour of sweetness for our sake. If anyone, therefore, says that it was not the very Word from God who became our high priest and apostle, when He became flesh and a man like us, but as it were another who was separate from him, in particular a man from a woman, or if anyone says that He offered the sacrifice also for Himself and not rather for us alone (for He who knew no sin, needed no offering), let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that the flesh of the Lord is life-giving and belongs to the Word from God the Father, but maintains that it belongs to another besides Him, united with Him in dignity or as enjoying a mere divine indwelling, and is not rather life-giving, as we said, since it became the flesh belonging to the Word who has power to bring all things to life, let him be anathema.<br />
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* If anyone does not confess that the Word of God suffered in the flesh and was crucified in the flesh and tasted death in the flesh and became the first born of the dead, although as God He is life and life-giving, let him be anathema.<br />
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== The Third Ecumenical Council ==<br />
Not all accepted the position of St Cyril and the Alexandrian council. Nestorius published 12 anathemas of his own, in which he condemned those who attributed suffering and birth to God. Nestorius believed that they denied God the honour due Him by teaching that the Uncircumscribable can be circumscribed or that the Changeless can suffer.<br />
Certain Syrian bishops also rose to the defense of Nestorius. Among them was [[Theodoret of Cyrrhus]], who wrote a refutation of the anathemas of St Cyril.<br />
<br />
To put an end to the dispute, Emperor Theodore II called a council at Ephesus, which was to convene on the day of [[Pentecost]], 431. This became known as the [[Third Ecumenical Council]]. St Cyril of Alexandria arrived with 40 Egyptian bishops; the other churches were represented by Yuvenali of Jerusalem with Palestinian bishops, Thermos of Caesarea in Cappadocia, and Flavian of Thessaloniki. Nestorius arrived with his bishops and two governement officials-Candidian and Ireneaus, representing the Emperor. Memnon of Ephesus hosted the Council. The only representatives not there were [[John of Antioch]] and the Syrian bishops and the legates of Pope Celestine of Rome.<br />
<br />
After waiting for 10 days for the arrival of the absent delegates, St Cyril of Alexandria decided to convene the Council without them on [[June 22]], 431. The 200 bishops present read the teachings of Nestorius, the teachings of St Cyril of Alexandria, the writings of the Fathers, and found that Nestorius was teaching heresy and the St Cyril's teaching reflected the Orthodox position. The decisions of the Council were signed and sent to Constantinople for the Emperor and the Constantinopolitan faithful. Nestorius was invited to attend and defend himself, but refused to do so, and a wrote to the Emperor accusing St Cyril and Memnon of holding an illegal council and plotting against Nestorius.<br />
<br />
At this time, [[John of Antioch]] and 33 Syrian bishops arrived at Ephesus. Not recognizing the decision of the Council, John and the Syrian bishops refused to enter into communion with St Cyril, and, together with Nestorius and a few bishops who defected from St Cyril's council organized a rebel council. At this council, they condemned St Cyril, Memnon of Ephesus, and the other Fathers, falsely accusing them of the heresies of [[Arius]], [[Apollinarius]], and [[Eunomius]]. The proceedings were signed and sent to Constantinople.<br />
<br />
Emperor Theodore, unsure of the proper course of action, ordered both councils to close, the proceedings to be destroyed, and the all the Fathers to convene one Council. While messengers were going back and forward between the Palace and Ephesus, St Cyril of Alexandria convened his Council again. At the second session, the Council found Orthodox the epistle of Pope Celestines, finally delivered by his legates. At the third session, the legates signed the condemnation of Nestorius. At the fourth session, the Council found invalid the condemnation of St Cyril and Memnon by John of Antioch and his council. At the fifth session, St Cyril and Memnon condemned the heresies of Arius, Apollinarius, and Eunomius, and the Council condemned John of Antioch and the rebel council. At the sixth session, the council decreed that no changes or additions can be made to the [[Nicene Creed]]. At the seventh, and final session, the Council made decisions concerning the boundaries of various dioceses.<br />
<br />
Emperor Theodore, at the time under the influence of the Nestorian party at the Court, ordered Nestorius, Memnon, and St Cyril to be arrested and a new council to be convened. No agreement, however, could be reached. St Cyril, meanwhile, wrote to Abba Dalmatius in Constantinople, calling him to action for the defence of Orthodoxy. Abba Dalmatius, who for 48 years never left his monastery, marched together with the Constantinopolitan faithful to the Palace and called on the Emperor to release the Orthodox bishops and to condemn Nestorius. The people then proclaimed anathema on Nestorius.<br />
<br />
The Emperor finally sided with the Orthodox position. To get the Fathers to agree, he called on deputies to be sent to Chalcedon from both councils. The deputies, which included the Papal legates and Bishop Yuvenali of Jerusalem on one side and Theodoret and John of Antioch on the other arrived, but could not agree. While the Syrian bishops agreed in principle to the condemnation of Nestorius, they rejected the anathemas of St Cyril, calling them heretical. The Emperor then ordered all bishops to return to their cathedras, and ordered the deposition of Nestorius.<br />
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== Nestorianism after the Council ==<br />
On their way back to their sees, the Syrian bishops called two more councils. At the first council, at Tarsus, they once again condemned St Cyril and Memnon. At the second council, in Antioch, they confessed that the Lord Jesus Christ is fully Divine and fully human, except without sin, based on a unity in Him of Divine and human natures, and that, therefore, the Virgin Mary may be called the Theotokos. Thus they condemned Nestorianism, though they refused to condemn Nestorius. Peace was restored a few years later, by the work of Paul of Emessa, who convinced John of Antioch to condemn Nestorius and St Cyril of Alexandria to agree to the Antiochian confession without, however, refuting his 12 anathemas.<br />
<br />
The Ephesian Council was not, however, accepted by some in Syria. Among those who agreed with the Orthodox teaching but rejected the Council was Theodoret of Cyrrhus. Thus, a strong Nestorian party arose in the Syrian and Mesopotamian churches. After agreeing to a common confession with St Cyril of Alexandria, John of Antioch began working on eradicating Nestorianism in the Eastern churches. What could not be accomplished by conviction was done with the help of the civil authorities, who imprisoned several Nestorian bishops.<br />
<br />
John of Antioch ordered the destruction of the Edessa theological school, which spread Nestorian ideas. [[Ibo of Edessa]] and other theologians who accused St Cyril of unorthodoxy were exiled. At the same time, St Cyril wrote a refutation of Theodore of Mopsuestia. However, this refutation, too, was not accepted by all. Theodoret defended Theodore of Mopsuestia. Meanwhile, Ibo became bishop of Edessa, and spread Nestorian ideas. In his famous letter to Marius the Persian, Ivo of Edessa condemned Nestorius for refusing to use the term ''[[Theotokos]]'' but also condemned St Cyril for preaching [[Apollinarianism]]. In 489, the Edessa school was again destroyed, and Nestorian theologians fled to Persia were they finally broke with the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. In 499, at a council in Seleucia, the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] was condemned and the Nestorians formally split from the Church. They formed the Chaldean or [[Assyrian Church of the East|Assyrian Church]], which governs itself with its own Patriarch. Nestorians also have a community in India, called the [[Thomites]].<br />
<br />
== Nestorianism and the Fifth Ecumenical Council ==<br />
In their struggle against Nestorianism, some theologians went as far as the other extreme. They denied completely the presence of human nature in Jesus Christ, accepting only one Divine Nature in one Divine Hypostasis. Thus, they are called Monophysites (believers in one nature). Condemned at the [[Fourth Ecumenical Council]] in Chalcedon, Monophysites accused the Council and the Church of restoring Nestorianism.<br />
<br />
The basis for accusation in the 6th Century was the Church's unclear position on Theodore of Mopsuestia, Theodoret of Cyrrhus, and Ibo of Edessa. Their writings, which became known as the [[Three Chapters]] were a cause of debate that resulted in the calling of the [[Fifth Ecumenical Council]] in 553.<br />
<br />
At the Council, the Church condemned Theodore of Mopsuestia as a heretic. In addition, the Church condemned the writings of Theodoret against St Cyril and the letter of Ibo of Edessa to Marius the Perian. The Church did not condemn Theodoret and Ibo in their persons, because they repented of Nestorianism and condemned Nestorius.<br />
<br />
== Nestorian Communities Today ==<br />
<br />
The Assyrian Church of the East is a Nestorian body with jurisdiction in Iraq and Eastern Iran. It is sometimes referred to as the ''Assyrian Orthodox Church'', not to be confused with the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]], a Non-Chalcedonian body, the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], an Eastern Catholic body, or the Orthodox [[Church of Antioch]], an Orthodox local church. <br />
<br />
The schism between the Assyrian Church and the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church began at the Council of Seleucia in 410, where Mesopotamian Christians declared their independence from the Patriarch of [[Antioch]]. The split solidified after the condemnation of Nestorius at the [[Third Ecumenical Council]] and the destruction of the theological school at Edessa.<br />
<br />
In the 15th century, the church decreed that the title of Patriarch could pass only to relatives of then-patriarch Mar Shimun IV. This upset many in the church's hierarchy, and in 1552 a rival Patriarch, Mar Yohanan Soulaqa VIII was elected. This rival Patriarch met with the Pope and entered into communion with the Roman Catholic Church. The Assyrian Church now had two rival leaders, a hereditary patriarch in Alqosh (in modern-day northern Iraq), and a Papal-appointed patriarch in Diyarbakir (in modern-day eastern Turkey). This situation lasted until 1662 when the Patriarch in Diyarbakir, Mar Shimun XIII Denha, broke communion with Rome, and moved his seat to the village of Qochanis in the Turkish mountains. The Vatican responded by appointing a new patriarch to Diyarbakir to govern the Assyrians who stayed loyal to the Holy See. This became known as the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], an Eastern Catholic body. In 1804 the hereditary line of Patriarchs in Alqosh died out, and that church's hierarchy decided to accept the authority of the Chaldean patriarchs.<br />
<br />
Assyrians faced reprisals under the Hashemite monarchy for co-operating with the British, and most fled to the West. The Patriarch of Babylon is currently based in Chicago, Illinois, and less than 1 million of the world's 4.5 million Assyrians remain in Iraq.<br />
<br />
The Chaldean community was less numerous at the time of the British Mandate of Palestine, and did not play a major role in the British rule of the country. However with the exodus of Assyrians, the Chaldean Catholic Church became the largest non-Muslim group in Iraq, and many later rose to power in the Ba'ath Party government, the most prominent being Deputy Prime Minister Tariq Aziz.<br />
<br />
In 1964, the issue of hereditary succession again caused a schism, with the election of Mar Thomas Darmo as a rival to the hereditary Mar Simon XXIII. Mar Simon resigned in 1973, and was assassinated in 1975 during negotiations over his possible reinstatement. Mar Dinkha IV was elected as Simon's successor, and announced the permanent end of the hereditary succession. While this removes the underlying dispute, the rift between the rival Patriarchs still exists, with Mar Addai as the successor to Mar Thomas Darmo.<br />
<br />
On November 11, 1994, an historic meeting of Mar Dinkha IV and Catholic Pope John Paul II took place in the Vatican and a Common Christological Declaration was signed. One side effect of this meeting was that the Assyrian Church's relationship to the Chaldean Catholic Church was improved.<br />
<br />
There are also large numbers of Assyrian congregations in Iran. In addition, a few remain in Iraq, a single parish exists in China, and the Church has its headquarters (along with four other houses of worship) in Chicago, Illinois, United States.<br />
<br />
Current status:<br />
* Primate: Mar Dinkha IV, [[Catholicos]] and Patriarch of Babylon (Qochanis)<br />
* Primate: Mar Addai II, Catholicos and Patriarch of Babylon (Baghdad)<br />
* Headquarters: Chicago, IL<br />
* Faithful: about 4.5 million<br />
<br />
'''Christology'''<br />
Usually, the Assyrian Church of the East denies that it teaches [[Nestorianism]]. On November 11, 1994 Mar Dinkha IV and Pope John Paul II signed a "Common Christological Declaration" which affirmed that Catholics and Assyrians share a union in their understanding of the Son of God. In 1997 the Assyrian Church halted anathemas of other churches in its liturgy. On the other hand, it has recognized [[Theodore of Mopsuestia]] as a [[saint]].<br />
<br />
== Protestant Theology as a form of Crypto-Nestorianism ==<br />
In their refusal to venerate the [[Virgin Mary]], modern Evangelical Protestants deny the use of the term [[Theotokos]]. In defending this, many Evangelical Protestants argue that the Virgin Mary could not have given birth to God but only to the man Jesus. They thus again separate in the Theandric Godman Jesus a human and a Divine person and teach Nestorianism.<br />
<br />
The error of this thinking lies in the failure to understand the intricacies of Christology and the doctrine of Incarnation. A proper understanding of the [[Virgin Mary]] is required for a proper understanding of [[Jesus Christ]]. If Mary is not Theotokos, then Christ is not Godman. Likewise, if Christ is Godman, then Mary is Theotokos. If Mary is not Ever-Virgin, then Christ did not become God Incarnate. If Christ became God Incarnate, then Mary is Ever-Virgin. If Mary is not the Queen Mother, then Christ is not King; if Christ is King, then Mary is Queen Mother.<br />
<br />
For more on the importance of Our Lady Theotokos and Ever-Virgin Mary to a proper understanding of the dogmas of the Incarnation and the Trinity, see George S. Gabriel, ''Mary, the Untrodden Portal of God''<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
*Talberg, D. N., ''История Христианской Церкви (A History of the Christian Church)'', Moscow, Russia: St Tikhon's Orthodox Theological Institute.<br />
*Gabriel, George S., ''Mary: The Untrodden Portal of God'', Ridgewood, NJ: Zephyr Publishing, 2000<br />
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[[Category:Heresies]]<br />
<br />
[[ar:نسطورية]]<br />
[[ro:Nestorianism]]</div>Kadylo