OrthodoxWiki - User contributions [en]

Template:March 31

2025-03-18T16:13:33Z

Basil: Saint Maria (Skobtsova) appears on different dates depending on old/new calendar, since she reposed in the 20th c.

<div style="float:right;margin-left:1em">
[[File:Saint Hypatius of Gangra.jpg|100px|St. Hypatius the Wonderworker of Gangra]]<br>
[[File:Portaitissa.jpg|100px|veron Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (Panagia Portaitissa)]]<br>
[[Image:Innocent of Alaska.jpg|100px|Saint Innocent of Alaska]]
</div>

Righteous Joseph the Fair (the All-Comely), son of Jacob, Patriarch (c. 1700 BC);
Saint Acacius the [[Confessor]], Bishop of Melitene in Pisidia (251);
Saint [[Hypatius of Gangra|Hypatius the Wonderworker]], [[Metropolis of Gangra|Bishop of Gangra]] (326);
Theophilos the Martyr, and those with him, in Crete;
Martyrs Menander and Sabinus, and another 38 martyrs, in Hermopolis of Egypt, under [[Julian the Apostate]] (c. 361-363);
Saint Apollonius (''Apollo'') of the Thebaid, [[ascetic]] (4th century);
Hieromartyrs Abdas, Bishop of Hormizd-Ardashir, and the Deacon Benjamin, of Persia (c. 424) (''see also [[May 16]] and [[March 12]]'');
Venerable Hypatius, Abbot of Rufinus in Chalcedon (446);
Venerable Blaise of Amorium and [[Mount Athos]] (c. 909);
Venerable Stephen the Wonderworker, ascetic;
Saint Balbina of Rome (c. 130);
Martyrs Theodulus, Anesius, Felix, Cornelia and Companions, in North Africa;
Saint Renovatus, Abbot of Cauliana in Lusitania, then Bishop of Merida in Spain for twenty-two years (c. 633);
Saint Aldo, Abbot of Hasnon Abbey in Belgium (8th century);
Saint Guy (''Guido'') (1046);
Venerable Hypatius the Healer, of the [[Kiev Caves]] Monastery (14th century);
Saint Ivan I of Moscow (''John I Daniilovich Kalita''), Prince of Moscow from 1325 and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1328 (1340);
Saint [[Jonah of Moscow]], Metropolitan of Kiev, Moscow, and all Russia (1461);
Saint Philaret, Abbot of Glinsk Hermitage (1841);
Saint [[Innocent of Alaska|Innocent]], Metropolitan of Moscow, [[Enlightener]] of Siberia and Alaska (1879);
Saint Arseny Richynsky the Physician of Volyn, New Confessor and Wonderworker (1956);
New Hieromartyr John Blyumovich, Priest (1938);
Repose of Venerable [[Maria (Skobtsova)]] (''Elizabeth Pilenko''), nun, who suffered at Ravensbrück concentration camp (Old Calendar: [[March 18]], 1945);
'''Other Commemorations:'''
Appearance of the [[Panagia Portaitissa|Iveron Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos]], on Mt. Athos ("Panagia Portaitissa" or "Gate-Keeper") (late 10th century) (''see also [[February 12]]'');
Repose of Archbishop [[Averky (Taushev) of Syracuse|Averky (Taushev) of Syracuse and Holy Trinity Monastery]] (1976)
Repose of Archimandrite [[Thaddeus (Strabulovich) of Vitovnica]] Monastery (''Tadej Štrbulović''), Serbia (2003).

<noinclude>
[[Category:Calendar day templates|March 31]]
</noinclude>

Template:March 18

2025-03-18T16:12:31Z

Basil: Saint Maria (Skobtsova) appears on different dates depending on old/new calendar, since she reposed in the 20th c.

<div style="float:right;margin-left:1em">
[[Image:Edward the Martyr.jpg|100px|Saint Edward the Martyr]]<br>
[[File:15806010-2-.jpg|100px|St. Mary of Paris]]
</div>

The 10,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia (''Myriads of Holy Martyrs''), by the sword;
[[Martyr]]s Trophimus and Eucarpion, soldiers, at Nicomedia, and those with them (300);
Saint [[Cyril of Jerusalem]], [[Patriarch]] of Jerusalem (386);
Venerable Ananias the Wonderworker (''Aninas of the Euphrates''), Hieromonk;
Saint Daniel, monk of Egypt (6th c.);
Saints Narcissus and Felix, a Bishop and his Deacon honoured as martyrs in Gerona, Catalonia, Spain (ca.307);
Saint Tetricus, Bishop of Langres in Gaul (572);
Saint Frediano of Ireland (''Frigidanus, Frigdianus''), prince and hermit, and Bishop of Lucca (588);
Saint Egbert of Ripon, [[monk]] (729);
Saint [[Edward the Martyr]], King of England (978);
Saint Cyril of Astrakhan (1576);
New Hieromartyr Demetrius, Priest (1938);
Virgin-martyr Natalia (1938);
Repose of Venerable [[Maria (Skobtsova)]] (''Elizabeth Pilenko''), nun, who suffered at Ravensbrück concentration camp (New Calendar: [[March 31]], 1945);
'''Other Commemorations:'''
Repose of Abbot Mark of [[Optina Monastery]] (1909);
Repose of St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic|Nicholas of Zhicha]], at Libertyville, Illinois (1956).

<noinclude>
[[Category:Calendar day templates|March 18]]
</noinclude>

Patron saint

2024-10-31T18:19:38Z

Basil: /* Of the Internet, Computers, and Computer Users */ capitalization to match other headings

:''This page is for saints who may be called upon for particular purposes. For a list of saints that can be used for being named after in Baptism, see [[Baptismal names]]''

A '''patron saint''' is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Since the time of the early Christians up to the present, a vast number of patron [[saint]]s have been recorded.

{{cleanup|links to saints, section titles}}

The following is a list of saints who are often called upon for special purposes.

==Against demons and witchcraft==
* Ss. Hieromartyr Cyprian & Virgin-Martyr Justina ([[October 2]])
* St. Mitrophan of Voronezh ([[November 23]], [[August 7]])
* St. Basil the Great ([[January 1]])
* St. [[Theodore the Sykeote]] ([[April 22]])

==Against drinking, drug addiction, smoking==
* Holy Martyr Boniface & the Righteous Aglais ([[December 19]])
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[Ephraim of Nea Makri]] ([[May 5]]) and ([[January 3]]) the discovery of his relics
* St. [[Paisios of Mount Athos]] ([[July 12]])
* St. [[Moses the Black]] ([[August 28]])

==Against leprosy==
* St. Nikephoros the Leper ([[January 4]])
* St. Anthony the Great ([[January 17]])
* [[Job the Long-suffering]] ([[May 6]])

==Against the plague==
* St. Bessarion of the Saviour, Archbishop of Larissa ([[September 15]])
* St. [[Haralambos]] ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Marina of Antioch|Marina the Great Martyr]] ([[July 17]])

==Delivery from sudden death==
* St. [[Barbara of Heliopolis|Barbara the Great Martyr]] ([[December 4]])

==For a good end to one's life==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[August 11]])

==For animals and livestock==
* Holy Martyr [[Mamas of Caesarea|Mamas]] ([[September 2]])
* Ss. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus: horses ([[January 16]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]]: cattle & herds ([[April 23]])
* St. Modestus of Jerusalem ([[December 18]])
* St. Parthenius of Radovizlios: cattle ([[July 21]])
* St. Tryphon: geese ([[February 1]])

==For captives and court cases==
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Great Martyr]] (April 23)
* St. Onouphrios the Great ([[June 12]])
* St. [[Peter the Athonite|Peter of Athos]] (June 12)
* St. [[Simeon the God-receiver|Simeon the God-Receiver]] ([[February 3]])

==For care and protection of infants==
* St. [[Stylianos of Paphlagonia|Stylianos]] ([[November 26]])

==For chastity and help in carnal warfare==
* St. Virgin-Martyr Justina (commemorated with Hieromartyr Cyprian on [[October 2]])
* Holy Martyr Ignatios of Athos ([[October 8]])
* Holy Martyr Theodore the Byzantine ([[February 17]])
* St. Anysia the Virgin Martyr ([[December 30]])
* St. Basil of Mangazea ([[March 23]])
* St. [[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]] ([[October 26]])
* St. [[John the Forerunner]] ([[August 29]])
* St. John the Much-Suffering ([[July 18]])
* St. Joseph the All-Comely (the Patriarch; [[Holy Week|Holy Monday]])
* St. Martinian ([[February 13]])
* St. [[Mary of Egypt]] ([[April 1]] and the [[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]])
* St. Moses the Hungarian ([[July 26]])
* St. [[Susanna]] ([[Old Testament]]; [[December 17]])
* St. [[Thomais of Alexandria|Thomais]] ([[April 13]] or [[April 14|14]])

==For children==
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra]] ([[December 6]])

==For church chanting ==
* Ss. Leonty and Geronty, Canonarchs of [[Kievo-Pechersk]] ([[July 18]] and April 1)
* St. John Koukouzelis ([[October 1]])
* St. [[Roman the Melodist]] (October 1)
* St. Gherásimos Mikraghiannanítis (January 10)
* St. Theodosius of Chernigov ([[February 5]])

==For cobblers==
* St. Eustathius the Cobbler of Georgia ([[July 29]])

==For ears==
* St. [[Spyridon of Trimythous|Spyridon the Wonderworker]] ([[December 12]])

==For eyes==
* St. [[Lucy of Syracuse|Lucia of Sicily]] ([[December 13]])
* St. [[Paraskevi]] ([[July 26]])

==For finding employment==
* St. [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] ([[January 24]])

==For finding things==
* St. [[Menas]] the Great Martyr of Egypt ([[November 11]])
* St. [[Phanourios]] the Great Martyr ([[August 27]])

==For guilelessness and simplicity==
* Holy [[Apostle Nathaniel]] ([[April 22]])
* St. Paul the Simple ([[March 7]])

==For skyn, hands and feet disorders==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius - skin cancer ([[October 20]])
* St. John Damascene - hands ([[December 4]])
* St. Seraphim of Sarov ([[January 2]])
* Saints Boris and Gleb ([[July 24]])
* St. Demetrius the New of Bessarabi ([[October 27]])

==For sleep disorders, insomnia==
* Saint Marcel, founder of the "Monastery of the Achimites" - excessive sleepiness ([[December 29]])
* Seven Holy Youths (Sleepers) of Ephesus - insomnia ([[August 4]])

==For headaches==
* Holy New Martyr Demas of Smyrna ([[April 10]])

==For help against quick-temper and despondency ==
* St. [[Tikhon of Zadonsk]] ([[August 13]])

==For help in distress or poverty==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[John the Merciful|John the Almsgiver of Alexandria]] ([[November 12]])
* St. [[Martin of Tours]], the Merciful (November 12)
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas the Wonderworker]] (December 6)

==For help in studies==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] (December 20)
* St. [[Justin Martyr|Justin the Philosopher]] ([[June 1]])
* St. Nestor the Chronicler of Kievo-Pechersk ([[October 27]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] ([[September 25]])
* [[Three Holy Hierarchs|Three Hierarchs]]: St. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. Gregory the Theologian ([[January 30]])

==For hernias, stomach and intestinal disorders ==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius of Antioch ([[October 20]])
* St. [[Artemius of Verkola]] ([[June 23]] and October 20)
* St. Theodore the Studite ([[November 11]])
* St. Seraphim of Sarov ([[January 2]])

==For [[iconographers]]==
* St. Ignatius the icon painter ([[September 2]])
* St. [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Apostle]] and Evangelist ([[October 18]])
* St. Theodore the Studite ([[November 11]])
* St. Lazarus the Painter ([[November 17]])
* St. Theodore, Archbishop of Rostov ([[November 28]])
* St. [[John of Damascus]] ([[December 4]])
* Our father among Saints Gregory III, Pope of Rome ([[December 10]])
* St. Peter, Metropolitan of Kiev, Moscow and All Russia ([[December 21]])
* St. Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia ([[December 31]])
* The Holy Empress Theodora, Restorer of Orthodoxy ([[February 11]])
* Theophanes the Confessor ([[March 12]])
* St. Adrian of Poshekhonye, the Iconographer ([[March 15]])
* Our father among the Saints Germanus I, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[May 12]])
* St. Dionysius, Abbot of Glushitsa, Vologda ([[June 1]])
* Saint Hierarch Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[June 2]])
* St. Daniel Chorny the icon painter ([[June 13]])
* St. Andrei Rublev ([[July 4]])
* St. Basil Kalika, Archbishop of Veliki Novgorod and Pskov ([[July 16]])
* St. Pafnuty-Pârvu the Painter from Robaia Monastery ([[August 7]])
* St. Gregory the icon painter from Kiev Pecerska Lavra ([[August 8]])
* Holy Martyr for the Holy Icons Anthony of Alexandria ([[August 9]])
* Holy Martyrs for the Holy Icons Julian of Constantinople and Marcian, John, James, Alexius, Demetrius, Photius, Peter, Leontius, Maria the Patrician, the Protospatharios (“Sword-Captain”) Gregory and those with them ([[August 9]])
* St. Alypius of Kiev Pechersk Lavra ([[August 17]])

==For marital difficulties==
* Venerable Schema-monastics Cyril and Mary ([[January 18]]), parents of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh ([[September 25]]).
* Ss. Peter and Febronia of Muron: also for newlyweds ([[June 25]])
* Holy Martyrs Samonas, Gurias, and Abibus ([[November 15]])

==For meeting a difficult situation==
* Holy [[Archangel Raphael]] ([[November 8]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Arabia)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their brothers Anthimus, Leontius, and Evropius of Arabia ([[October 17]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Asia Minor)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their mother Theodoti of Asia Minor ([[November 1]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Rome)|Cosmas and Damian of Rome]] ([[July 1]])
* Ss. Cyrus and John of Alexandria ([[January 31]])
* Ss. [[Panteleimon]] and Hermolaus ([[July 27]] and [[July 26]])
* St. [[Anicetus and Photius|Anicetus]] ([[August 12]])
* St. [[David]] the Prophet, Psalmist, and King ([[Sunday of the Forefathers]] and the Sunday following the [[Nativity]])
* St. Diomedes the Healer ([[August 16]])
* St. John of Kronstadt (December 20)
* St. Julian the Martyr ([[June 21]])
* St. Mocius ([[May 11]])
* St. [[Nectarios of Aegina]] ([[november 9]])
* St. Thallelaus ([[Church of Armenia|Armenian saint]])
* St. Zoticos the Orphan-Keeper ([[December 30]] or [[December 31|31]])
* The [[Holy Unmercenaries]] and Healers

==For mental disorders==
* St. [[Gerasimos of Cephalonia]]: the possessed ([[August 16]])
* Holy Martyrs Cyprian and Justina (October 2)
* St. [[Anastasia the Roman|Anastasia]] ([[October 12]])
* Venerable Niphon (December 23)
* Holy Martyr Tryphon (February 1)
* St. Naum of Ochrid ([[June 20]])

==For patient endurance of affliction==
* Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste|Forty Martyrs of Sebastia]]: especially in freezing cold weather
* Holy [[42 Martyrs of Amorium|Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion]]
* Righteous [[Job the Long-suffering|Job the Much-Suffering]] ([[May 6]])
* St. Eustathius Placidas & Family ([[September 20]])
* St. Pimen the Much-Suffering of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 7]])

==For perfumers==
* St. Abo the Perfumer of Georgia ([[January 8]])

==For physicians==
* St. [[Panteleimon]] (July 27)
* The Holy Unmercenaries
* St Agapit the Physician of Kievo-Pechersk ([[June 1]])

==For protection against thieves==
* St. [[Gregory the Wonderworker]] of Kievo-Pechersk ([[January 8]])

==For protection of gardens and crops from pests ==
* St. Paraskeve of Serbia: against locusts, beetles ([[October 14]])
* St. Gerasimos the New Ascetic ([[October 20]])
* Holy Great Martyr Tryphon: also for hunters and Patron of Moscow ([[February 1]])
* St. Michael of Synnada ([[May 23]])

==For gardeners==
* Holy Martyr Phocas the Gardener of Sinope ([[September 22]])
* Holy Martyr Conon the Gardener of Pamphylia ([[March 5]])
* Holy New Martyr Michael Baknanás, the Gardener of Athens ([[June 30]])
* Holy Martyr Serenus the Gardener ([[August 9?]])
* St. Fiacre of Breuil ([[August 30]])

==For safe childbirth==
* St. Eleutherios ([[August 4]] and [[December 15]])

==For soldiers==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Barbara the Great Martyr ([[December 4]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer |George]] the Great Martyr
* St. Titus the Soldier of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 27]])

==For spiritual help, consolation, and compunction==
* St [[Alexios the Man of God]] ([[March 17]])
* St [[Ephraim the Syrian]] ([[January 28]])
* St [[Seraphim of Sarov]] ([[January 2]])

==For stone-workers==
* Holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus ([[August 18]])

==For teeth==
* St. Antipas of Pergamum ([[April 11]])

==For the kitchen and home==
* Ss. Spyridon and Nikodim of Kievo-Pechersk: [[Prosphora]] making ([[October 31]])
* St. Euphrosynos the Cook ([[September 11]])
* St. [[Juliana of Lazarevo|Juliana Lazarevskaya]] ([[January 2]])
* St. Prochor of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]]: for baking (September 25)

==For the throat==
* St. [[Blaise of Sebaste]] ([[February 11]])

==For trading==
* St. Paraskevi (July 26)

==For travelers==
* St. [[John the Russian]]: for transport, auto, buses ([[May 27]])
* St. Nicholas: in general, and specifically for sea travel (December 6)
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople: for safety at sea ([[August 11]])

==For workers in hospitals==
* Holy [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]]
* St. Dositheus, Disciple of Abba Dorotheus ([[February 19]])

==For young people==
* Holy Great Martyr Demetrios the Wonderworker (October 26)

==To have a child==
* St. [[Joachim and Anna|Anna]], Mother of the Theotokos ([[September 9]])
* St. [[Elizabeth]], Mother of the Forerunner ([[September 5]])
* St. [[Irene Chrysovalantou|Irene]] of Chrysovolantou ([[July 28]])
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
* St. [[Simeon the Myrrh-flowing|Symeon the Myrrh-streamer]], father of St. Savva of Serbia ([[February 13]])

==Of the Internet, computers, and computer users==
* (Unofficial) St. [[Isidore of Seville]], "the last scholar of the ancient world". ([[April 4]])

==Source==
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inhome/pray2sts.htm Saints Called upon for Special Purposes]
*[https://www.crestinortodox.ro/religie/carui-sfant-rugam-cand-suntem-bolnavi-147445.html Which Saint should we pray to?]

==See also==
*[[Name day]]

[[Category:Saints]]

[[el:Προστάτης άγιος]]

Patron saint

2024-10-31T18:18:38Z

Basil: /* Of the Internet */ —> Of the Internet, Computers, and Computer Users

:''This page is for saints who may be called upon for particular purposes. For a list of saints that can be used for being named after in Baptism, see [[Baptismal names]]''

A '''patron saint''' is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Since the time of the early Christians up to the present, a vast number of patron [[saint]]s have been recorded.

{{cleanup|links to saints, section titles}}

The following is a list of saints who are often called upon for special purposes.

==Against demons and witchcraft==
* Ss. Hieromartyr Cyprian & Virgin-Martyr Justina ([[October 2]])
* St. Mitrophan of Voronezh ([[November 23]], [[August 7]])
* St. Basil the Great ([[January 1]])
* St. [[Theodore the Sykeote]] ([[April 22]])

==Against drinking, drug addiction, smoking==
* Holy Martyr Boniface & the Righteous Aglais ([[December 19]])
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[Ephraim of Nea Makri]] ([[May 5]]) and ([[January 3]]) the discovery of his relics
* St. [[Paisios of Mount Athos]] ([[July 12]])
* St. [[Moses the Black]] ([[August 28]])

==Against leprosy==
* St. Nikephoros the Leper ([[January 4]])
* St. Anthony the Great ([[January 17]])
* [[Job the Long-suffering]] ([[May 6]])

==Against the plague==
* St. Bessarion of the Saviour, Archbishop of Larissa ([[September 15]])
* St. [[Haralambos]] ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Marina of Antioch|Marina the Great Martyr]] ([[July 17]])

==Delivery from sudden death==
* St. [[Barbara of Heliopolis|Barbara the Great Martyr]] ([[December 4]])

==For a good end to one's life==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[August 11]])

==For animals and livestock==
* Holy Martyr [[Mamas of Caesarea|Mamas]] ([[September 2]])
* Ss. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus: horses ([[January 16]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]]: cattle & herds ([[April 23]])
* St. Modestus of Jerusalem ([[December 18]])
* St. Parthenius of Radovizlios: cattle ([[July 21]])
* St. Tryphon: geese ([[February 1]])

==For captives and court cases==
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Great Martyr]] (April 23)
* St. Onouphrios the Great ([[June 12]])
* St. [[Peter the Athonite|Peter of Athos]] (June 12)
* St. [[Simeon the God-receiver|Simeon the God-Receiver]] ([[February 3]])

==For care and protection of infants==
* St. [[Stylianos of Paphlagonia|Stylianos]] ([[November 26]])

==For chastity and help in carnal warfare==
* St. Virgin-Martyr Justina (commemorated with Hieromartyr Cyprian on [[October 2]])
* Holy Martyr Ignatios of Athos ([[October 8]])
* Holy Martyr Theodore the Byzantine ([[February 17]])
* St. Anysia the Virgin Martyr ([[December 30]])
* St. Basil of Mangazea ([[March 23]])
* St. [[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]] ([[October 26]])
* St. [[John the Forerunner]] ([[August 29]])
* St. John the Much-Suffering ([[July 18]])
* St. Joseph the All-Comely (the Patriarch; [[Holy Week|Holy Monday]])
* St. Martinian ([[February 13]])
* St. [[Mary of Egypt]] ([[April 1]] and the [[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]])
* St. Moses the Hungarian ([[July 26]])
* St. [[Susanna]] ([[Old Testament]]; [[December 17]])
* St. [[Thomais of Alexandria|Thomais]] ([[April 13]] or [[April 14|14]])

==For children==
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra]] ([[December 6]])

==For church chanting ==
* Ss. Leonty and Geronty, Canonarchs of [[Kievo-Pechersk]] ([[July 18]] and April 1)
* St. John Koukouzelis ([[October 1]])
* St. [[Roman the Melodist]] (October 1)
* St. Gherásimos Mikraghiannanítis (January 10)
* St. Theodosius of Chernigov ([[February 5]])

==For cobblers==
* St. Eustathius the Cobbler of Georgia ([[July 29]])

==For ears==
* St. [[Spyridon of Trimythous|Spyridon the Wonderworker]] ([[December 12]])

==For eyes==
* St. [[Lucy of Syracuse|Lucia of Sicily]] ([[December 13]])
* St. [[Paraskevi]] ([[July 26]])

==For finding employment==
* St. [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] ([[January 24]])

==For finding things==
* St. [[Menas]] the Great Martyr of Egypt ([[November 11]])
* St. [[Phanourios]] the Great Martyr ([[August 27]])

==For guilelessness and simplicity==
* Holy [[Apostle Nathaniel]] ([[April 22]])
* St. Paul the Simple ([[March 7]])

==For skyn, hands and feet disorders==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius - skin cancer ([[October 20]])
* St. John Damascene - hands ([[December 4]])
* St. Seraphim of Sarov ([[January 2]])
* Saints Boris and Gleb ([[July 24]])
* St. Demetrius the New of Bessarabi ([[October 27]])

==For sleep disorders, insomnia==
* Saint Marcel, founder of the "Monastery of the Achimites" - excessive sleepiness ([[December 29]])
* Seven Holy Youths (Sleepers) of Ephesus - insomnia ([[August 4]])

==For headaches==
* Holy New Martyr Demas of Smyrna ([[April 10]])

==For help against quick-temper and despondency ==
* St. [[Tikhon of Zadonsk]] ([[August 13]])

==For help in distress or poverty==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[John the Merciful|John the Almsgiver of Alexandria]] ([[November 12]])
* St. [[Martin of Tours]], the Merciful (November 12)
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas the Wonderworker]] (December 6)

==For help in studies==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] (December 20)
* St. [[Justin Martyr|Justin the Philosopher]] ([[June 1]])
* St. Nestor the Chronicler of Kievo-Pechersk ([[October 27]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] ([[September 25]])
* [[Three Holy Hierarchs|Three Hierarchs]]: St. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. Gregory the Theologian ([[January 30]])

==For hernias, stomach and intestinal disorders ==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius of Antioch ([[October 20]])
* St. [[Artemius of Verkola]] ([[June 23]] and October 20)
* St. Theodore the Studite ([[November 11]])
* St. Seraphim of Sarov ([[January 2]])

==For [[iconographers]]==
* St. Ignatius the icon painter ([[September 2]])
* St. [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Apostle]] and Evangelist ([[October 18]])
* St. Theodore the Studite ([[November 11]])
* St. Lazarus the Painter ([[November 17]])
* St. Theodore, Archbishop of Rostov ([[November 28]])
* St. [[John of Damascus]] ([[December 4]])
* Our father among Saints Gregory III, Pope of Rome ([[December 10]])
* St. Peter, Metropolitan of Kiev, Moscow and All Russia ([[December 21]])
* St. Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia ([[December 31]])
* The Holy Empress Theodora, Restorer of Orthodoxy ([[February 11]])
* Theophanes the Confessor ([[March 12]])
* St. Adrian of Poshekhonye, the Iconographer ([[March 15]])
* Our father among the Saints Germanus I, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[May 12]])
* St. Dionysius, Abbot of Glushitsa, Vologda ([[June 1]])
* Saint Hierarch Nicephorus, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[June 2]])
* St. Daniel Chorny the icon painter ([[June 13]])
* St. Andrei Rublev ([[July 4]])
* St. Basil Kalika, Archbishop of Veliki Novgorod and Pskov ([[July 16]])
* St. Pafnuty-Pârvu the Painter from Robaia Monastery ([[August 7]])
* St. Gregory the icon painter from Kiev Pecerska Lavra ([[August 8]])
* Holy Martyr for the Holy Icons Anthony of Alexandria ([[August 9]])
* Holy Martyrs for the Holy Icons Julian of Constantinople and Marcian, John, James, Alexius, Demetrius, Photius, Peter, Leontius, Maria the Patrician, the Protospatharios (“Sword-Captain”) Gregory and those with them ([[August 9]])
* St. Alypius of Kiev Pechersk Lavra ([[August 17]])

==For marital difficulties==
* Venerable Schema-monastics Cyril and Mary ([[January 18]]), parents of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh ([[September 25]]).
* Ss. Peter and Febronia of Muron: also for newlyweds ([[June 25]])
* Holy Martyrs Samonas, Gurias, and Abibus ([[November 15]])

==For meeting a difficult situation==
* Holy [[Archangel Raphael]] ([[November 8]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Arabia)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their brothers Anthimus, Leontius, and Evropius of Arabia ([[October 17]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Asia Minor)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their mother Theodoti of Asia Minor ([[November 1]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Rome)|Cosmas and Damian of Rome]] ([[July 1]])
* Ss. Cyrus and John of Alexandria ([[January 31]])
* Ss. [[Panteleimon]] and Hermolaus ([[July 27]] and [[July 26]])
* St. [[Anicetus and Photius|Anicetus]] ([[August 12]])
* St. [[David]] the Prophet, Psalmist, and King ([[Sunday of the Forefathers]] and the Sunday following the [[Nativity]])
* St. Diomedes the Healer ([[August 16]])
* St. John of Kronstadt (December 20)
* St. Julian the Martyr ([[June 21]])
* St. Mocius ([[May 11]])
* St. [[Nectarios of Aegina]] ([[november 9]])
* St. Thallelaus ([[Church of Armenia|Armenian saint]])
* St. Zoticos the Orphan-Keeper ([[December 30]] or [[December 31|31]])
* The [[Holy Unmercenaries]] and Healers

==For mental disorders==
* St. [[Gerasimos of Cephalonia]]: the possessed ([[August 16]])
* Holy Martyrs Cyprian and Justina (October 2)
* St. [[Anastasia the Roman|Anastasia]] ([[October 12]])
* Venerable Niphon (December 23)
* Holy Martyr Tryphon (February 1)
* St. Naum of Ochrid ([[June 20]])

==For patient endurance of affliction==
* Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste|Forty Martyrs of Sebastia]]: especially in freezing cold weather
* Holy [[42 Martyrs of Amorium|Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion]]
* Righteous [[Job the Long-suffering|Job the Much-Suffering]] ([[May 6]])
* St. Eustathius Placidas & Family ([[September 20]])
* St. Pimen the Much-Suffering of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 7]])

==For perfumers==
* St. Abo the Perfumer of Georgia ([[January 8]])

==For physicians==
* St. [[Panteleimon]] (July 27)
* The Holy Unmercenaries
* St Agapit the Physician of Kievo-Pechersk ([[June 1]])

==For protection against thieves==
* St. [[Gregory the Wonderworker]] of Kievo-Pechersk ([[January 8]])

==For protection of gardens and crops from pests ==
* St. Paraskeve of Serbia: against locusts, beetles ([[October 14]])
* St. Gerasimos the New Ascetic ([[October 20]])
* Holy Great Martyr Tryphon: also for hunters and Patron of Moscow ([[February 1]])
* St. Michael of Synnada ([[May 23]])

==For gardeners==
* Holy Martyr Phocas the Gardener of Sinope ([[September 22]])
* Holy Martyr Conon the Gardener of Pamphylia ([[March 5]])
* Holy New Martyr Michael Baknanás, the Gardener of Athens ([[June 30]])
* Holy Martyr Serenus the Gardener ([[August 9?]])
* St. Fiacre of Breuil ([[August 30]])

==For safe childbirth==
* St. Eleutherios ([[August 4]] and [[December 15]])

==For soldiers==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Barbara the Great Martyr ([[December 4]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer |George]] the Great Martyr
* St. Titus the Soldier of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 27]])

==For spiritual help, consolation, and compunction==
* St [[Alexios the Man of God]] ([[March 17]])
* St [[Ephraim the Syrian]] ([[January 28]])
* St [[Seraphim of Sarov]] ([[January 2]])

==For stone-workers==
* Holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus ([[August 18]])

==For teeth==
* St. Antipas of Pergamum ([[April 11]])

==For the kitchen and home==
* Ss. Spyridon and Nikodim of Kievo-Pechersk: [[Prosphora]] making ([[October 31]])
* St. Euphrosynos the Cook ([[September 11]])
* St. [[Juliana of Lazarevo|Juliana Lazarevskaya]] ([[January 2]])
* St. Prochor of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]]: for baking (September 25)

==For the throat==
* St. [[Blaise of Sebaste]] ([[February 11]])

==For trading==
* St. Paraskevi (July 26)

==For travelers==
* St. [[John the Russian]]: for transport, auto, buses ([[May 27]])
* St. Nicholas: in general, and specifically for sea travel (December 6)
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople: for safety at sea ([[August 11]])

==For workers in hospitals==
* Holy [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]]
* St. Dositheus, Disciple of Abba Dorotheus ([[February 19]])

==For young people==
* Holy Great Martyr Demetrios the Wonderworker (October 26)

==To have a child==
* St. [[Joachim and Anna|Anna]], Mother of the Theotokos ([[September 9]])
* St. [[Elizabeth]], Mother of the Forerunner ([[September 5]])
* St. [[Irene Chrysovalantou|Irene]] of Chrysovolantou ([[July 28]])
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
* St. [[Simeon the Myrrh-flowing|Symeon the Myrrh-streamer]], father of St. Savva of Serbia ([[February 13]])

==Of the Internet, Computers, and Computer Users==
* (Unofficial) St. [[Isidore of Seville]], "the last scholar of the ancient world". ([[April 4]])

==Source==
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inhome/pray2sts.htm Saints Called upon for Special Purposes]
*[https://www.crestinortodox.ro/religie/carui-sfant-rugam-cand-suntem-bolnavi-147445.html Which Saint should we pray to?]

==See also==
*[[Name day]]

[[Category:Saints]]

[[el:Προστάτης άγιος]]

Artemius of Verkola

2021-07-29T00:39:10Z

Basil: /* Sources */Fixed broken link by linking to Internet Archive Wayback Machine

The holy [[saint]] '''Artemius of Verkola''' (Артемий Веркольский) the [[Righteous]] Child [[Wonder-worker]] lived in Russia in the 16th century. He was only 12 years of age when he was struck dead by lightning. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on the date of his repose, [[June 23]], as well as on [[October 20]].

Because St. Artemius was killed by lightning, people at first believed this was God's judgment upon him. "Some years later, the village [[reader]] beheld a light over the place where the [[Incorruptibility|incorrupt]] body of the Righteous Artemius lay." [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103006] His [[relics]] were taken to the church of St. Nicholas in 1577, where they performed numerous healings. In 1918, Soviets desecrated his relics and threw them into a well.

In 1648, by order of Tsar [[w:Alexis of Russia|Alexis Mikhailovich of Russia]] was founded the St. Artemius of Verkola monastery, and relics of the saint was moved into it.

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] [http://www.antiochian.org/VillageCamp/saints/Artemius]
:By the command of the Most High, the sky was darkened with rain clouds,
:lightning flashed, threat'ning thunder clashed,
:and you gave up your soul into the hands of the Lord, O Artemius most wise.
:Now as you stand before the Throne of the Lord of All,
:you grant healing unfailingly to those who come to you with faith and love,
:and you pray to Christ our God that our souls may be saved.

==Sources==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130315115900/http://antiochianvillage.org:80/camp/liturgical/patron/startemius.html St. Artemius of Verkola] ([[Antiochian Village]], via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine, archived March 15, 2013.)
* [http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?FSID=103006 Holy Righteous Artemius] ([[OCA]])

[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:16th-century saints]]

User talk:Frmargaritis

2020-10-26T00:01:04Z

Basil: Welcome!

==Welcome to OrthodoxWiki!==
Hello, and [[OrthodoxWiki:Welcome|welcome]] to '''[[OrthodoxWiki:About|OrthodoxWiki]]'''!

'''OrthodoxWiki''' is a community-edited encyclopedia of Orthodox Christianity. Articles are created and edited by our members, and so everything that we do here is subject to review and revision. The result is a true consensus product, with every interested editor contributing his own knowledge and writing skills. As such, when you feel that criticism of an article is warranted, we encourage you to '''join in and fix it!''' Don't worry about breaking anything or doing something wrong—the other editors here are happy to jump in and help you learn.

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We hope you enjoy editing here and being a part of our community! Your contributions are valuable and appreciated. [[User:Basil|Basil]] ([[User talk:Basil|talk]]) 00:01, October 26, 2020 (UTC)

User:Frmargaritis

2020-10-26T00:00:51Z

Basil: Creating user page for new user.

Proistamenos Assumption Cathedral, Denver, CO
Formerly served in (reverse order)
Omaha, NE
OKC, OK
Scottsdale, Az
Bellingham, WA
Anchorage, AK
Cincinnati, OH

Home parish: St. Demetrios, Tucson, AZ
Graduate MDiv Holy Cross School of Theology 1982

Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales

2020-10-25T21:46:04Z

Basil:

{{cleanup|Source statements to reputable authorities and bring formatting inline with Style Manual.}}
The '''Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales''' was established in 1992, with the consecration of the first [[parish]] in the town of Risca, South Wales

==Historical background==
===Third and Fourth Centuries [[missionary]] work of the Church of Alexandria===
It is known in the ecclesiastical history of the Church of Alexandria that the Church had sent missionaries in the third or fourth century to the Celtic lands, especially [[monasticism|monastics]].{{citation}}

It is also know within the Celtic tradition, especially in Ireland that the foundation of the monastic system among the Celts was either based in portion or inspired by the Egyptians monastic system and there are many traces of Alexandrine Theology imbedded in the Celtic Theology. So the return of the Church of Alexandria to these lands is of certain importance.{{citation}}

===Modern times presence===
Although the Coptic Orthodox congregation has been present is Wales since the 1960s , The first Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales was consecrated in 1992 by HH [[Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria|Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria]] in the town of Risca, South Wales.

Currently there are two [[Coptic Orthodox]] Churches in Wales.

==St Mary and St Mercurius Coptic Orthodox Church==
[[Image:Fr_Philopater_Wahba.jpg|thumb|The Coptic Priest for Risca: Fr. Philopateer Wahba]]
The first Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales , consecrated in 1992 by HH [[Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria]] in the town of Risca, South Wales as a church of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]].
The official name of the church is '''St Mary's and St Abu Saifain's Coptic Orthodox Church'''.

The Church building was a Former Welseyan Methodist church. Founded 1837, rebuilt on same site 1852 and dedicated to St John.
Architect not known, Church was designed to seat 600.
Later was known as Trinity Methodist Church<ref name="therole">Jones A V, Risca, its Industrial and Social Development, 1977</ref>

The church is a listed historic building (Grade II) for its well preserved architectural interest, its unusual slender arcades and especially for its fine decorative frontage.

Interior partly converted to Coptic Orthodox liturgical use. Unusual aisled roof structure, wooden trusses rising from posts set on the very tall slender marbled columns with Corinthian derived capitals, which also support the high round arches of a wooden arcade; painted boarded ceiling. Wide moulded reredos arch and gallery. Rear raked gallery with curved and panelled front; pews on both floors retained. Vestibule has glazed panels to partition and swing doors with quarry glazing incorporating Art Nouveau motifs.

Current Priest is Father Philopater Wahba

This Church is under the direct supervision of HH Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria and he is the head of the Church's council. The Church is regularly visited and supervised by His Grace [[Angaelos]], the General Bishop.

==Saint Mary and Saint Abasikhiron Coptic Orthodox Church==

The second Coptic Orthodox [[Church]] in Wales is in 25 Trinity Avenue, Llandudno, North Wales, it was bought in 2005<ref name=>ElKeraza English with the news of buying the church, 33rd year, February 11, 2005, issues 5 and 6 Page 7</ref> .

==See also==
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]]
*[[Patriarch of Alexandria]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in the United Kingdom]]
*[[Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Europe]]
*[[British Orthodox Church]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Australia]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Canada]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Europe]]
*[[The French Coptic Orthodox Church]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Europe]]
*[[The Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]]
*[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]

==References==
*1. Jones A V, Risca, its Industrial and Social Development, 1977
*2. ElKeraza English with the news of buying the church , 33rd year, [[February 11]], 2005, issues 5 and 6 Page 7
*[[http://www.copticpope.org/downloads/eng_keraza/engkeraza11-02-2005.pdf]]

==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Wales Wikipedia: Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales]
*[http://www.llandudnochurches.org.uk Churches in Llandudno]
*[http://www.ukmidcopts.org The Official Site for the Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands & Affiliated Areas, U.K.]

[[Category:Coptic Orthodox Church]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox]]

Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales

2020-10-25T19:04:07Z

Basil: Added cleanup and citation tags.

{{cleanup}}
The '''Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales''' was established in 1992, with the consecration of the first [[parish]] in the town of Risca, South Wales

==Historical background==
===Third and Fourth Centuries [[missionary]] work of the Church of Alexandria===
It is known in the ecclesiastical history of the Church of Alexandria that the Church had sent missionaries in the third or fourth century to the Celtic lands, especially [[monasticism|monastics]].{{citation}}

It is also know within the Celtic tradition, especially in Ireland that the foundation of the monastic system among the Celts was either based in portion or inspired by the Egyptians monastic system and there are many traces of Alexandrine Theology imbedded in the Celtic Theology. So the return of the Church of Alexandria to these lands is of certain importance.{{citation}}

===Modern times presence===
Although the Coptic Orthodox congregation has been present is Wales since the 1960s , The first Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales was consecrated in 1992 by HH [[Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria|Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria]] in the town of Risca, South Wales.

Currently there are two [[Coptic Orthodox]] Churches in Wales.

==St Mary and St Mercurius Coptic Orthodox Church==
[[Image:Fr_Philopater_Wahba.jpg|thumb|The Coptic Priest for Risca: Fr. Philopateer Wahba]]
The first Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales , consecrated in 1992 by HH [[Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria]] in the town of Risca, South Wales as a church of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]].
The official name of the church is '''St Mary's and St Abu Saifain's Coptic Orthodox Church'''.

The Church building was a Former Welseyan Methodist church. Founded 1837, rebuilt on same site 1852 and dedicated to St John.
Architect not known, Church was designed to seat 600.
Later was known as Trinity Methodist Church<ref name="therole">Jones A V, Risca, its Industrial and Social Development, 1977</ref>

The church is a listed historic building (Grade II) for its well preserved architectural interest, its unusual slender arcades and especially for its fine decorative frontage.

Interior partly converted to Coptic Orthodox liturgical use. Unusual aisled roof structure, wooden trusses rising from posts set on the very tall slender marbled columns with Corinthian derived capitals, which also support the high round arches of a wooden arcade; painted boarded ceiling. Wide moulded reredos arch and gallery. Rear raked gallery with curved and panelled front; pews on both floors retained. Vestibule has glazed panels to partition and swing doors with quarry glazing incorporating Art Nouveau motifs.

Current Priest is Father Philopater Wahba

This Church is under the direct supervision of HH Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria and he is the head of the Church's council. The Church is regularly visited and supervised by His Grace [[Angaelos]], the General Bishop.

==Saint Mary and Saint Abasikhiron Coptic Orthodox Church==

The second Coptic Orthodox [[Church]] in Wales is in 25 Trinity Avenue, Llandudno, North Wales, it was bought in 2005<ref name=>ElKeraza English with the news of buying the church, 33rd year, February 11, 2005, issues 5 and 6 Page 7</ref> .

==See also==
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]]
*[[Patriarch of Alexandria]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in the United Kingdom]]
*[[Shenouda III (Gayyid) of Alexandria]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Europe]]
*[[British Orthodox Church]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Australia]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Canada]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Europe]]
*[[The French Coptic Orthodox Church]]
*[[Coptic Orthodox Church in Europe]]
*[[The Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria]]
*[[Oriental Orthodoxy]]

==References==
*1. Jones A V, Risca, its Industrial and Social Development, 1977
*2. ElKeraza English with the news of buying the church , 33rd year, [[February 11]], 2005, issues 5 and 6 Page 7
*[[http://www.copticpope.org/downloads/eng_keraza/engkeraza11-02-2005.pdf]]

==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_Wales Wikipedia: Coptic Orthodox Church in Wales]
*[http://www.llandudnochurches.org.uk Churches in Llandudno]
*[http://www.ukmidcopts.org The Official Site for the Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Midlands & Affiliated Areas, U.K.]

[[Category:Coptic Orthodox Church]]
[[Category:Oriental Orthodox]]

Velikoretsky crucession

2020-02-12T02:27:36Z

Basil: “crucession” is listed as rare by Wiktionary

'''Velikoretsky crucession''' ({{lang-ru|Великорецкий крестный ход}}) or "cross-procession" is procession, which takes place every year in Vyatka [[diocese]] of the [[Church of Russia]] from the city of Kirov to Velikoretskoye settlement and back.

In 1383 on the bank of the Velikaya river a peasant named Semyon Agalakov discovered an [[icon]] of Saint [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas]]. When many people were cured from illnesses by praying before the sacred image, the glory of the wonder-making icon spread all over the Vyatka land and beyond its borders. Even before the time when the icon was first taken to Moscow - on the order of [[Ivan IV of Russia |Ivan the Terrible]] in 1555 - the wonder-making image of St. Nicholas was well-known and honored in Russia.

Due to the glory of the wonder-making icon in the fifteenth the settlement Velikoretskoye was founded. The architectural ensemble of the settlement is a unique sightseeing attraction of the Vyatka land.

The town-dwellers of Khlynov (old name of Kirov) - the capital city of the Vyatka country - took the sacred image of St. Nicholas to the town [[church]] having made a promise to bring the icon back to the banks of the Velikaya every year. Since those times, for more than 600 years from [[June 3]] to [[June 8]], the crucession (the religious procession) to Velikoretskoye has taken place in Vyatka. Nowadays on the day of celebrating the anniversary of the icon thousands of [[Pilgrimage|pilgrims]] not only from Russia but also from abroad gather in Velikoretskoye to pray to the wonder-making image at the holy place where the icon first appeared, to drink water from the holy spring, to bathe in the waters of the Velikaya river.

== External link ==
[http://www.velikoretsky-hod.ru/ Velikoretsky crucession and monastery] In Russian

[[Category: Church History]]
[[Category: Places]]

Typika

2016-12-13T04:36:18Z

Basil: /* Description */ added subsection on obednitsa/typika used by priests serving multiple communities.

The '''Typika''' (gr. τυπικα ; sl. Обедница (Obednitsa or Obednitza) or Изобразительны) is a brief service that is appointed by the [[Typikon]] for certain occasions but may also be conducted when a [[priest]] or [[bishop]] is not present. There are various modifications that are made to this service to incorporate elements from the [[Divine Liturgy]], some of which are designed to be led by [[laity|laymen]]; and in some [[jurisdiction]]s, it can also be a service led by a [[deacon]] which includes the distribution of [[Eucharist|Holy Communion]]. When held in a church, the doors of the [[iconostasis]] remain closed and the service is conducted in the [[nave]].
{{Services}}
==Description==
===When there is no Liturgy, or only a [[Vespers|Vesperal]] Liturgy ===
According to the [[Typikon]], the Typika is appointed on those days when either there is no liturgy at all, or there is only a [[Vespers|Vesperal Liturgy]]. The Typika follows the Ninth Hour and contains the [[Typical Psalms]] ([[Psalter|Psalms]] 102 and 145) and the [[Beatitudes]] that would otherwise have been done as part of the three [[antiphon]]s of the Liturgy of the [[Catechumen]]s. The text for this type of service can usually be found in the various [[Liturgikon|Liturgika]] and [[Horologion|Horologia]].

===Reader's Typika===
This Typika service is a specific form of service which mirrors the Divine Liturgy. It is used when a priest is not available or when a worshiper cannot get to a church. It is led by a deacon, subdeacon, [[reader]], [[chanter]], or the eldest experienced layperson present, in that order, unless a bishop or priest determines another leader.

===Deacon's Typika===
This Typika service is a form of [[Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts|Pre-Sanctified Liturgy]] held by a [[deacon]] and authorized by the local [[bishop]] when a [[priest]] is unavailable. The deacon distributes [[Eucharist|communion]] to the faithful present at the service. It should be noted that while this service is blessed in some jurisdictions, it is not universally accepted, nor is it of ancient origin. However, the idea of deacons bringing communion to those unable to attend the Liturgy ''is'' an ancient custom, and so it can be argued that the ancient custom provides the basis for this more recent practice.

===Priest's Typika===
In situations where a shortage of priests requires one priest to serve multiple communities, he will serve the Divine Liturgy in one and typika in the other(s). The Horologion published by Saint Tikhon's Monastery, there is a service of typika or obednitsa which has litanies and exclamations intercalated for this purpose.

==Service texts==
*[http://www.antiochian.org.au/media/DeaconsTypikaWithHoursAu.pdf Deacons Typika Service]
*[http://www.antiochian.org.au/media/ReadersTypikaWithHoursAu.pdf Readers Typika Service]
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/typica.htm Reader's Typika according to the Old Rite Typikon]
*[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/hours_typica.htm The Hours and Typika (Russian Practice, but arranged differently than the above texts]

==Source==
*[http://www.antiochian.org.au/content/view/493/21/ Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia and New Zealand]

==External links==
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/horologion.htm The Reader Service Horologion]
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/howtodo.htm Practical Questions about how to do Reader Services (Russian Practice)]
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/typ/ The Variable Portions of Typika (Old Calendar)]
*[http://orthodoxinfo.com/praxis/services_nopriest.aspx Instructions on Reader Services]
*[http://www.saintjonah.org/services/readerservices.htm Comments by Archbishop Averky on Reader Services]

[[Category:Liturgics]]

[[ro:Obedniţa]]

Patron saint

2015-10-10T15:45:31Z

Basil: /* For church chanting */ correcting link to correct title of article (alt forms of St Roman's name are available in the head of the linked article)

:''This page is for saints who may be called upon for particular purposes. For a list of saints that can be used for being named after in Baptism, see [[Baptismal names]]''

A '''patron saint''' is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Since the time of the early Christians up to the present, a vast number of patron [[saint]]s have been recorded.

{{cleanup|links to saints, section titles}}

The following is a list of saints who are often called upon for special purposes.

==Against demons and witchcraft==
* Ss. Cyprian & Justina ([[October 2]])
* St. Mitrophan of Voronezh ([[November 23]], [[August 7]])
* St. [[Theodore the Sykeote]] ([[April 22]])

==Against drinking==
* Holy Martyr [[Boniface]] & the Righteous Aglais ([[June 5]])

==Against the plague==
* St. Bessarion of the Saviour, Archbishop of Larissa ([[September 15]])
* St. [[Haralambos]] ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Marina of Antioch|Marina the Great Martyr]] ([[July 17]])

==Delivery from sudden death==
* St. [[Barbara of Heliopolis|Barbara the Great Martyr]] ([[December 4]])

==For a good end to one's life==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[August 11]])

==For animals and livestock==
* Holy Martyr [[Mamas of Caesarea|Mamas]] ([[September 2]])
* Ss. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus: horses ([[January 16]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]]: cattle & herds ([[April 23]])
* St. Modestus of Jerusalem ([[December 18]])
* St. Parthenius of Radovizlios: cattle ([[July 21]])
* St. Tryphon: geese ([[February 1]])

==For captives and court cases==
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Great Martyr]] (April 23)
* St. Onouphrios the Great ([[June 12]])
* St. [[Peter the Athonite|Peter of Athos]] (June 12)
* St. [[Simeon the God-receiver|Simeon the God-Receiver]] ([[February 3]])

==For care and protection of infants==
* St. [[Stylianos of Paphlagonia|Stylianos]] ([[November 26]])

==For chastity and help in carnal warfare==
* Holy Martyr Ignatios of Athos ([[October 8]])
* Holy Martyr Theodore the Byzantine ([[February 17]])
* St. Anysia the Virgin Martyr ([[December 30]])
* St. Basil of Mangazea ([[March 23]])
* St. [[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]] ([[October 26]])
* St. [[John the Forerunner]] ([[August 29]])
* St. John the Much-Suffering ([[July 18]])
* St. Joseph the All-Comely (the Patriarch; [[Holy Week|Holy Monday]])
* St. Martinian ([[February 13]])
* St. [[Mary of Egypt]] ([[April 1]] and the [[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]])
* St. Moses the Hungarian ([[July 26]])
* St. [[Susanna]] ([[Old Testament]]; [[December 17]])
* St. [[Thomais of Alexandria|Thomais]] ([[April 13]] or [[April 14|14]])

==For children==
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra]] ([[December 6]])

==For church chanting ==
* Ss. Leonty and Geronty, Canonarchs of [[Kievo-Pechersk]] ([[July 18]] and April 1)
* St. John Koukouzelis ([[October 1]])
* St. [[Roman the Melodist]] (October 1)
* St. Theodosius of Chernigov ([[February 5]])

==For cobblers==
* St. Eustathius the Cobbler of Georgia ([[July 29]])

==For ears==
* St. [[Spyridon of Trimythous|Spyridon the Wonderworker]] ([[December 12]])

==For eyes==
* St. [[Lucy of Syracuse|Lucia of Sicily]] ([[December 13]])
* St. [[Paraskevi]] ([[July 26]])

==For finding employment==
* St. [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] ([[January 24]])

==For finding things==
* St. [[Menas]] the Great Martyr of Egypt ([[November 11]])
* St. [[Phanourios]] the Great Martyr ([[August 27]])

==For guilelessness and simplicity==
* Holy [[Apostle Nathaniel]] ([[April 22]])
* St. Paul the Simple ([[March 7]])

==For headaches==
* Holy New Martyr Demas of Smyrna ([[April 10]])

==For help against quick-temper and despondency ==
* St. [[Tikhon of Zadonsk]] ([[August 13]])

==For help in distress or poverty==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[John the Merciful|John the Almsgiver of Alexandria]] ([[November 12]])
* St. [[Martin of Tours]], the Merciful (November 12)
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas the Wonderworker]] (December 6)

==For help in studies==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] (December 20)
* St. [[Justin Martyr|Justin the Philosopher]] ([[June 1]])
* St. Nestor the Chronicler of Kievo-Pechersk ([[October 27]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] ([[September 25]])
* [[Three Holy Hierarchs|Three Hierarchs]]: St. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. Gregory the Theologian ([[January 30]])

==For hernias and intestinal disorders ==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius of Antioch ([[October 20]])
* St. [[Artemius of Verkola]] ([[June 23]] and October 20)

==For [[iconographers]]==
* St. Alypius of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 17]])
* St. [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Apostle]] and Evangelist ([[October 18]])
* St. [[John of Damascus]] ([[December 4]])

==For marital difficulties==
* Venerable Schema-monastics Cyril and Mary ([[January 18]]), parents of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh ([[September 25]]).
* Ss. Peter and Febronia of Muron: also for newlyweds ([[June 25]])
* Holy Martyrs Samonas, Gurias, and Abibus ([[November 15]])

==For meeting a difficult situation==
* Holy [[Archangel Raphael]] ([[November 8]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Arabia)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their brothers Anthimus, Leontius, and Evropius of Arabia ([[October 17]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Asia Minor)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their mother Theodoti of Asia Minor ([[November 1]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Rome)|Cosmas and Damian of Rome]] ([[July 1]])
* Ss. Cyrus and John of Alexandria ([[January 31]])
* Ss. [[Panteleimon]] and Hermolaus ([[July 27]] and [[July 26]])
* St. [[Anicetus and Photius|Anicetus]] ([[August 12]])
* St. [[David]] the Prophet, Psalmist, and King ([[Sunday of the Forefathers]] and the Sunday following the [[Nativity]])
* St. Diomedes the Healer ([[August 16]])
* St. John of Kronstadt (December 20)
* St. Julian the Martyr ([[June 21]])
* St. Mocius ([[May 11]])
* St. [[Nectarios of Aegina]] ([[november 9]])
* St. Thallelaus ([[Church of Armenia|Armenian saint]])
* St. Zoticos the Orphan-Keeper ([[December 30]] or [[December 31|31]])
* The [[Holy Unmercenaries]] and Healers

==For mental disorders==
* St. [[Anastasia the Roman|Anastasia]] ([[October 12]])
* St. [[Gerasimos of Cephalonia]]: the possessed ([[August 16]])
* St. Naum of Ochrid ([[June 20]])

==For patient endurance of affliction==
* Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste|Forty Martyrs of Sebastia]]: especially in freezing cold weather
* Holy [[42 Martyrs of Amorium|Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion]]
* Righteous [[Job the Long-suffering|Job the Much-Suffering]] ([[May 6]])
* St. Eustathius Placidas & Family ([[September 20]])
* St. Pimen the Much-Suffering of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 7]])

==For perfumers==
* St. Abo the Perfumer of Georgia ([[January 8]])

==For physicians==
* St. [[Panteleimon]] (July 27)
* The Holy Unmercenaries
* St Agapit the Physician of Kievo-Pechersk ([[June 1]])

==For protection against thieves==
* St. [[Gregory the Wonderworker]] of Kievo-Pechersk ([[January 8]])

==For protection of crops from pests ==
* St. Gerasimos the New Ascetic ([[October 20]])
* St. Michael of Synnada ([[May 23]])

==For protection of gardens against pests==
* Holy Great Martyr Tryphon: also for hunters and Patron of Moscow ([[February 1]])

==For safe childbirth==
* St. Eleutherios ([[August 4]] and [[December 15]])

==For soldiers==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Barbara the Great Martyr ([[December 4]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer |George]] the Great Martyr
* St. Titus the Soldier of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 27]])

==For spiritual help, consolation, and compunction==
* St [[Alexios the Man of God]] ([[March 17]])
* St [[Ephraim the Syrian]] ([[January 28]])
* St [[Seraphim of Sarov]] ([[January 2]])

==For stone-workers==
* Holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus ([[August 18]])

==For teeth==
* St. Antipas of Pergamum ([[April 11]])

==For the kitchen and home==
* Ss. Spyridon and Nikodim of Kievo-Pechersk: [[Prosphora]] making ([[October 31]])
* St. Euphrosynos the Cook ([[September 11]])
* St. [[Juliana of Lazarevo|Juliana Lazarevskaya]] ([[January 2]])
* St. Prochor of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]]: for baking (September 25)

==For the throat==
* St. [[Blaise of Sebaste]] ([[February 11]])

==For trading==
* St. Paraskevi (July 26)

==For travelers==
* St. [[John the Russian]]: for transport, auto, buses ([[May 27]])
* St. Nicholas: in general, and specifically for sea travel (December 6)
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople: for safety at sea ([[August 11]])

==For workers in hospitals==
* Holy [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]]
* St. Dositheus, Disciple of Abba Dorotheus ([[February 19]])

==For young people==
* Holy Great Martyr Demetrios the Wonderworker (October 26)

==To have a child==
* St. [[Joachim and Anna|Anna]], Mother of the Theotokos ([[September 9]])
* St. [[Elizabeth]], Mother of the Forerunner ([[September 5]])
* St. [[Irene Chrysovalantou|Irene]] of Chrysovolantou ([[July 28]])
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
* St. [[Simeon the Myrrh-flowing|Symeon the Myrrh-streamer]], father of St. Savva of Serbia ([[February 13]])

==Source==
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inhome/pray2sts.htm Saints Called upon for Special Purposes]

==See also==
*[[Name day]]

[[Category:Saints]]

[[el:Προστάτης άγιος]]

Patron saint

2015-10-02T01:42:27Z

Basil: /* For mental disorders */ intrawiki link for Anastasia the Roman

:''This page is for saints who may be called upon for particular purposes. For a list of saints that can be used for being named after in Baptism, see [[Baptismal names]]''

A '''patron saint''' is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Since the time of the early Christians up to the present, a vast number of patron [[saint]]s have been recorded.

{{cleanup|links to saints, section titles}}

The following is a list of saints who are often called upon for special purposes.

==Against demons and witchcraft==
* Ss. Cyprian & Justina ([[October 2]])
* St. Mitrophan of Voronezh ([[November 23]], [[August 7]])
* St. [[Theodore the Sykeote]] ([[April 22]])

==Against drinking==
* Holy Martyr [[Boniface]] & the Righteous Aglais ([[June 5]])

==Against the plague==
* St. Bessarion of the Saviour, Archbishop of Larissa ([[September 15]])
* St. [[Haralambos]] ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Marina of Antioch|Marina the Great Martyr]] ([[July 17]])

==Delivery from sudden death==
* St. [[Barbara of Heliopolis|Barbara the Great Martyr]] ([[December 4]])

==For a good end to one's life==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[August 11]])

==For animals and livestock==
* Holy Martyr [[Mamas of Caesarea|Mamas]] ([[September 2]])
* Ss. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus: horses ([[January 16]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]]: cattle & herds ([[April 23]])
* St. Modestus of Jerusalem ([[December 18]])
* St. Parthenius of Radovizlios: cattle ([[July 21]])
* St. Tryphon: geese ([[February 1]])

==For captives and court cases==
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Great Martyr]] (April 23)
* St. Onouphrios the Great ([[June 12]])
* St. [[Peter the Athonite|Peter of Athos]] (June 12)
* St. [[Simeon the God-receiver|Simeon the God-Receiver]] ([[February 3]])

==For care and protection of infants==
* St. [[Stylianos of Paphlagonia|Stylianos]] ([[November 26]])

==For chastity and help in carnal warfare==
* Holy Martyr Ignatios of Athos ([[October 8]])
* Holy Martyr Theodore the Byzantine ([[February 17]])
* St. Anysia the Virgin Martyr ([[December 30]])
* St. Basil of Mangazea ([[March 23]])
* St. [[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]] ([[October 26]])
* St. [[John the Forerunner]] ([[August 29]])
* St. John the Much-Suffering ([[July 18]])
* St. Joseph the All-Comely (the Patriarch; [[Holy Week|Holy Monday]])
* St. Martinian ([[February 13]])
* St. [[Mary of Egypt]] ([[April 1]] and the [[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]])
* St. Moses the Hungarian ([[July 26]])
* St. [[Susanna]] ([[Old Testament]]; [[December 17]])
* St. [[Thomais of Alexandria|Thomais]] ([[April 13]] or [[April 14|14]])

==For children==
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra]] ([[December 6]])

==For church chanting ==
* Ss. Leonty and Geronty, Canonarchs of [[Kievo-Pechersk]] ([[July 18]] and April 1)
* St. John Koukouzelis ([[October 1]])
* St. [[Romanos the Melodist]] (October 1)
* St. Theodosius of Chernigov ([[February 5]])

==For cobblers==
* St. Eustathius the Cobbler of Georgia ([[July 29]])

==For ears==
* St. [[Spyridon of Trimythous|Spyridon the Wonderworker]] ([[December 12]])

==For eyes==
* St. [[Lucy of Syracuse|Lucia of Sicily]] ([[December 13]])
* St. [[Paraskevi]] ([[July 26]])

==For finding employment==
* St. [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] ([[January 24]])

==For finding things==
* St. [[Menas]] the Great Martyr of Egypt ([[November 11]])
* St. [[Phanourios]] the Great Martyr ([[August 27]])

==For guilelessness and simplicity==
* Holy [[Apostle Nathaniel]] ([[April 22]])
* St. Paul the Simple ([[March 7]])

==For headaches==
* Holy New Martyr Demas of Smyrna ([[April 10]])

==For help against quick-temper and despondency ==
* St. [[Tikhon of Zadonsk]] ([[August 13]])

==For help in distress or poverty==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[John the Merciful|John the Almsgiver of Alexandria]] ([[November 12]])
* St. [[Martin of Tours]], the Merciful (November 12)
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas the Wonderworker]] (December 6)

==For help in studies==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] (December 20)
* St. [[Justin Martyr|Justin the Philosopher]] ([[June 1]])
* St. Nestor the Chronicler of Kievo-Pechersk ([[October 27]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] ([[September 25]])
* [[Three Holy Hierarchs|Three Hierarchs]]: St. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. Gregory the Theologian ([[January 30]])

==For hernias and intestinal disorders ==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius of Antioch ([[October 20]])
* St. [[Artemius of Verkola]] ([[June 23]] and October 20)

==For [[iconographers]]==
* St. Alypius of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 17]])
* St. [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Apostle]] and Evangelist ([[October 18]])
* St. [[John of Damascus]] ([[December 4]])

==For marital difficulties==
* Venerable Schema-monastics Cyril and Mary ([[January 18]]), parents of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh ([[September 25]]).
* Ss. Peter and Febronia of Muron: also for newlyweds ([[June 25]])
* Holy Martyrs Samonas, Gurias, and Abibus ([[November 15]])

==For meeting a difficult situation==
* Holy [[Archangel Raphael]] ([[November 8]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Arabia)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their brothers Anthimus, Leontius, and Evropius of Arabia ([[October 17]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Asia Minor)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their mother Theodoti of Asia Minor ([[November 1]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Rome)|Cosmas and Damian of Rome]] ([[July 1]])
* Ss. Cyrus and John of Alexandria ([[January 31]])
* Ss. [[Panteleimon]] and Hermolaus ([[July 27]] and [[July 26]])
* St. [[Anicetus and Photius|Anicetus]] ([[August 12]])
* St. [[David]] the Prophet, Psalmist, and King ([[Sunday of the Forefathers]] and the Sunday following the [[Nativity]])
* St. Diomedes the Healer ([[August 16]])
* St. John of Kronstadt (December 20)
* St. Julian the Martyr ([[June 21]])
* St. Mocius ([[May 11]])
* St. [[Nectarios of Aegina]] ([[november 9]])
* St. Thallelaus ([[Church of Armenia|Armenian saint]])
* St. Zoticos the Orphan-Keeper ([[December 30]] or [[December 31|31]])
* The [[Holy Unmercenaries]] and Healers

==For mental disorders==
* St. [[Anastasia the Roman|Anastasia]] ([[October 12]])
* St. [[Gerasimos of Cephalonia]]: the possessed ([[August 16]])
* St. Naum of Ochrid ([[June 20]])

==For patient endurance of affliction==
* Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste|Forty Martyrs of Sebastia]]: especially in freezing cold weather
* Holy [[42 Martyrs of Amorium|Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion]]
* Righteous [[Job the Long-suffering|Job the Much-Suffering]] ([[May 6]])
* St. Eustathius Placidas & Family ([[September 20]])
* St. Pimen the Much-Suffering of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 7]])

==For perfumers==
* St. Abo the Perfumer of Georgia ([[January 8]])

==For physicians==
* St. [[Panteleimon]] (July 27)
* The Holy Unmercenaries
* St Agapit the Physician of Kievo-Pechersk ([[June 1]])

==For protection against thieves==
* St. [[Gregory the Wonderworker]] of Kievo-Pechersk ([[January 8]])

==For protection of crops from pests ==
* St. Gerasimos the New Ascetic ([[October 20]])
* St. Michael of Synnada ([[May 23]])

==For protection of gardens against pests==
* Holy Great Martyr Tryphon: also for hunters and Patron of Moscow ([[February 1]])

==For safe childbirth==
* St. Eleutherios ([[August 4]] and [[December 15]])

==For soldiers==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Barbara the Great Martyr ([[December 4]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer |George]] the Great Martyr
* St. Titus the Soldier of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 27]])

==For spiritual help, consolation, and compunction==
* St [[Alexios the Man of God]] ([[March 17]])
* St [[Ephraim the Syrian]] ([[January 28]])
* St [[Seraphim of Sarov]] ([[January 2]])

==For stone-workers==
* Holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus ([[August 18]])

==For teeth==
* St. Antipas of Pergamum ([[April 11]])

==For the kitchen and home==
* Ss. Spyridon and Nikodim of Kievo-Pechersk: [[Prosphora]] making ([[October 31]])
* St. Euphrosynos the Cook ([[September 11]])
* St. [[Juliana of Lazarevo|Juliana Lazarevskaya]] ([[January 2]])
* St. Prochor of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]]: for baking (September 25)

==For the throat==
* St. [[Blaise of Sebaste]] ([[February 11]])

==For trading==
* St. Paraskevi (July 26)

==For travelers==
* St. [[John the Russian]]: for transport, auto, buses ([[May 27]])
* St. Nicholas: in general, and specifically for sea travel (December 6)
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople: for safety at sea ([[August 11]])

==For workers in hospitals==
* Holy [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]]
* St. Dositheus, Disciple of Abba Dorotheus ([[February 19]])

==For young people==
* Holy Great Martyr Demetrios the Wonderworker (October 26)

==To have a child==
* St. [[Joachim and Anna|Anna]], Mother of the Theotokos ([[September 9]])
* St. [[Elizabeth]], Mother of the Forerunner ([[September 5]])
* St. [[Irene Chrysovalantou|Irene]] of Chrysovolantou ([[July 28]])
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
* St. [[Simeon the Myrrh-flowing|Symeon the Myrrh-streamer]], father of St. Savva of Serbia ([[February 13]])

==Source==
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inhome/pray2sts.htm Saints Called upon for Special Purposes]

==See also==
*[[Name day]]

[[Category:Saints]]

[[el:Προστάτης άγιος]]

Template:October 12

2015-10-02T01:41:04Z

Basil: intrawiki link for Anastasia

<div style="float:right;margin-left:1em">
[[Image:Symeon the New Theologian.jpg|100px|Symeon the New Theologian]]<br>
[[Image:Cosmasjerusalem.jpg|100px|Cosmas the Hymnographer]]
</div>[[Martyr]]s Probus, Tarachus, and Andronicus at Tarsus in Cilicia; Saint [[Cosmas the Hymnographer]], Bishop of Maiuma; Martyr Domnica (Domnina) of Anazarbus; Saint Martin the Merciful, Bishop of Tours; Saints Amphilochius, Macarius, and Tarasius, [[abbot]]s, and Theodosius, [[monk]], of Glushetskry (Vologda); [[Virgin-Martyr]] [[Anastasia the Roman|Anastasia of Rome]]; Saint Theodotus (Theodore), Bishop of Ephesus; Martyrs Malfethos and Anthea; Saint Jason (John), Bishop of Damascus; Saint [[Symeon the New Theologian]] (see also [[March 12]]); Saint Theodosius the [[God-bearer]] of Arsinoe in Cyprus; Saint [[Edwin of Northumbria|Edwin]], martyr and king of Northumbria; Saint Wilfrid, Bishop of Hexham; [[John (Pommers) of Riga|New-Martyr John, Archbishop of Riga and Latvia]]; Martyrs Juventios, Maximos, Dorotheos, and Diodoros at Antioch; "Jerusalem" [[Icon]] of the Most Holy [[Theotokos]]
<noinclude>[[Category: Calendar day templates|October 12]]</noinclude>

Mardarije (Uskoković) of America

2015-06-14T21:59:41Z

Basil: updating to reflect recent glorification

Our father among the saints '''Mardarije''' (secular name '''Ivan Uskoković''', ''Иван Ускоковић''; December 22, 1889 - December 12, 1935; also '''Mardarius''') was the First Serbian Bishop of America and Canada. His feast day is celebrated [[December 12]].

== Biography ==
Bishop Mardarije was born in Podgorica on December 22, 1889, his father, Pero, being a tribal captain and mother Jela, nee Bozovic. He finished elementary school in Cetinje where he started high school, continuing in Belgrade. Leaving high school in his fifth year, he went to Studenica Monastery. In 1906, with the blessing of Bishop [[Sava (Barać) of Zica]], he took monastic vows and was ordained a [[deacon]].

He graduated from the Seminary in Kishenev where a collection of his sermons was published. From here he went to St. Petersburg, graduating from the Theological Academy in 1916.

As a theological student Hieromonk Mardarije, at the behest of the Holy prisoners' camps in Siberia, Turkestan and Bukhara. On this journey he delivered lectures and talked to prisoners of Slav extraction from Austro-Hungary.

In 1917 the Russian Orthodox Church sent Synkell Mardarije to America to organize the Serbian Orthodox Church. Here he served as head of the Serbian Mission, and at the Cleveland Conference of the Russian Metropolitanate he was elected the Serbian Bishop. But Archimandrite Mardarije did not wish to accept episcopal consecration without the knowledge and approval of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Homeland. Instead, he returned to his country and became head of Rakovica Monastery and Rector of its Monastic School.

Here he remained until early 1923 when he returned to America as Administrator of the American-Canadian Diocese, holding this office until elected the first Serbian Bishop of America and Canada.

The election of Archimandrite Mardarije as Bishop of America and Canada occurred when he was in fairly poor health, so that he could not travel to Belgrade.

Archimandrite Mardarije was consecrated Bishop in the Orthodox Cathedral in Belgrade on April 25, 1926 by Patriarch Dimitrije and the Bishop Danilo of Dalmatia and Istria and Bishop Serafim of Zletovo and Strumica. Also present at the Consecration and Liturgy was Gordon Paddock, Charge d'Affaires at the American Embassy in Belgrade.

Bishop Mardarije arrived in his Diocese in New York on July l/14, notifying Patriarch Dimitrije of this by telegram, and sent his first Report to the patriarch in early September, 1926.

In his first hierarchic message to the clergy and people Bishop Mardarije acknowledged all, including the deceased, "who had worked for the welfare of the Serbian Church in America."

A wide range of activities awaited the first Serbian bishop in America and Canada. Bishop Mardarije did not spare himself nor did he fear work, though he knew he was gravely ill. Bishop Mardarije convened the first National Church Assembly of the Serbian Orthodox American-Canadian Diocese with his Fourth Archpastoral Message for September l, 192 7 at St. Sava Monastery in Libertyville, on the basis of the Resolution adopted at the National Assembly in Chicago on May 29, 1927.

Bishop Mardarije died on December 12, 1935 and was buried on December 18, 1935 at St. Sava Monastery in Libertyville, which, together with the Serbian people, he had built at great sacrifice and superhuman effort.

== Literature ==
* Bishop Sava of Sumadija, History of the Serbian Orthodoc Church in America and Canada: 1891-1941, Kragujevac 1998.

== Sources ==
* http://www.eserbia.org/people/prosopography/281-bishop-mardarije-uskokovic
*[http://westsrbdio.org/en/latest-news/diocesan-news/959-holy-missionaries-mardarije-uskokovic-and-sebastian-dabovich-newly-proclaimed-as-saints-of-the-orthodox-church Holy Missionaries MARDARIJE (Uskokovic) and SEBASTIAN (Dabovich) Newly Proclaimed Saints of the Orthodox Church!] Western American Diocese of the [[Church of Serbia]].

[[Category:Bishops]]

Sebastian (Dabovich)

2015-06-14T21:52:41Z

Basil: /* Sources */ glorification

{{orthodoxyinamerica}}
Our venerable father '''Sebastian Dabovich''' was a prominent Serbian priest in the Russian Mission in America in the 1890s and early 1900s. He founded numerous churches and was the author of several books. He died in Serbia in 1940 and was [[glorification|glorified]] as a saint on May 29th, 2015. His feast day is commemorated on [[November 30]].

==Life==
Born Jovan (John) Dabovich in San Francisco, California on [[June 21]], 1863, to Serbian immigrant parents from Sassovae, Serbia, [[Archimandrite]] Sebastian grew up with the church in San Francisco where his parents operated a store. After finishing high school he served his [[parish]] as a [[reader]] and teacher.

In 1884, he was assigned to assist at [[Cathedral_of_St._Michael_the_Archangel_(Sitka,_Alaska)|St. Michael's Cathedral in Sitka, Alaska]] before he was sent to Russia to prepare for a life as a [[missionary]] [[priest]]. After three years of study at the [[St. Petersburg Theological Academy|St. Petersburg]] and [[Kiev Theological Academy|Kiev Theological Academies]], John was [[tonsure]]d a [[monk]] in 1887 with the name Sebastian and [[ordination|ordained]] a [[deacon]]. Following his ordination, Dn. Sebastian returned to San Francisco where he served as deacon at the San Francisco [[cathedral]]. He also taught at the pastoral school in San Francisco.

On [[August 16]], 1892, Dn. Sebastian was ordained a [[priest]] by [[Bishop]] [[Nicholas (Ziorov) of Warsaw|Nicholas]]. He was soon sent to Minneapolis, Minnesota to replace Fr. [[Alexis of Wilkes-Barre|Alexis Toth]] as the priest of St. Mary's parish. While there he also taught at the Missionary School. After a year, Fr. Sebastian returned to San Francisco where he organized the first Serbian Orthodox Church, dedicated to St. Sava, in Jackson, California. Additionally, Fr. Sebastian was also asked by Bishop [[Tikhon of Moscow|Tikhon]] to be a member of the [[Orthodox Church in America|North American Mission]] administration. In 1902, he continued his missionary activities, returning to Alaska as [[dean]] of the Sitka deanery.

As more Serbians emigrated to the United States, Abp. Tikhon asked Fr. Sebastian to lead a Serbian Mission in the North American [[diocese]]. With his appointment to head the mission, Abp. Tikhon elevated Fr. Sebastian to [[archimandrite]] on [[August 15]], 1905. For the next five years Archim. Sebastian led the Serbian Mission from its center at the Holy Resurrection Serbian Orthodox Church in Chicago, Illinois, where he was the parish priest.

In 1910, Fr. Sebastian asked for a release from the Serbian mission so that he could return to missionary work. Then in 1913, he joined the faculty of the newly opened [[St. Platon's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Tenafly, New Jersey)|St. Platon Seminary]] in Tenafly, New Jersey. Shortly thereafter feeling a call to service the church in his ancestral Serbia, Fr. Sebastian asked for a release from the American Mission. He went on to serve as a [[chaplain]] in the Serbian army in the Balkan Wars and World War I. Other than for brief visits to the United States in 1915 and 1917, Fr. Sebastian spent the rest of his life serving the [[Church of Serbia|Church of Yugoslavia]].

Archim. Sebastian reposed in Yugoslavia on [[November 30]], 1940, and was buried at the Monastery of Zicha.

==Writings==
*[http://www.archive.org/details/livesofsaintssev00dabo The Lives of the Saints] (1898)
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=5jJDAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false The Holy Orthodox Church] (1898)
*[http://books.google.com/books?id=RsJFAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_v2_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=&f=false Preaching in the Russian Church] (1899)

==Sources==
*''Orthodox America 1794-1976 Development of the Orthodox Church in America'', C. J. Tarasar, Gen. Ed. 1975, The Orthodox Church in America, Syosett, New York, p96.
*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/general/archimandrite-sebastian-dabovich-serbian-apostle-to-america.pdf Archimandrite Sebastian Dabovich: Serbian Orthodox Apostle], by Hieromonk Damascene (Christiansen), ''The Orthodox Word'' 43:1-2, (January-April, 2007)
*[http://www.transfigcathedral.org/faith/corner/Dabovich.pdf Archimandrite Sebastian Dabovich: The First Serbian Orthodox Apostle], by Alexander Vallens (2005)
*[http://orthodoxhistory.org/?tag=sebastian-dabovich Articles on Dabovich] at OrthodoxHistory.org
*[http://westsrbdio.org/en/latest-news/diocesan-news/959-holy-missionaries-mardarije-uskokovic-and-sebastian-dabovich-newly-proclaimed-as-saints-of-the-orthodox-church Holy Missionaries MARDARIJE (Uskokovic) and SEBASTIAN (Dabovich) Newly Proclaimed Saints of the Orthodox Church!] Western American Diocese of the [[Church of Serbia]].

[[Category:Priests]]
[[Category:Missionaries]]

Sebastian (Dabovich)

2015-06-14T21:47:10Z

Basil: Updating to reflect recent glorification

Template:January 18

2015-04-15T00:19:22Z

Basil: Anglicizing names

<div style="float:right;margin-left:1em">
[[Image:Athanasius and Cyril.jpg|100px|Ss. Athanasius and Cyril of Alexandria]]<br><br>
[[Image:Xenia of Rome.jpg|100px|St. Xenia of Rome]]
</div>

[[Saint]]s [[Athanasius of Alexandria|Athanasius]] (373) and [[Cyril of Alexandria|Cyril]] (444), Archbishops of Alexandria;
Martyr Theodoula of Anazarbus in Cilicia (ca.304);
Martyrs Helladius, Theodoulos, Boethius, Evagrius, and Macarius, of Anazarbus in Cilicia (ca. 304);
Martyr Xenia of Rome, by fire;
Venerable Marcian of Cyrrhus, monk, in Syria (ca.388);
Venerable Ephraimios, Bishop of Mylasa, in Caria (5th c.);
Venerbale Sylvanus of Palestine, ascetic;
[[Virgin-martyr]] Prisca of Rome (1st or 3rd c.);
Martyrs Archelais, Thecla and Susanna, three holy virgins, at Salerno (293);
Saint Volusianus of Tours, a married senator who was chosen Bishop of Tours and shortly after driven out by Arian Visigoths (496);
Saint Liberata of Como, a holy virgin in Como in Italy where with her sister St Faustina she founded the convent of Santa Margarita (580);
Saint Leobardus of Marmoutier in Gaul, hermit (593);
Saint Ninnidh of Inismacsaint (Ireland) (6th c.) - (''see also [[January 17]]'');
Saint Deicolus, one of the twelve disciples to accompany St. Columbanus in his missionary enterprise, [[Abbot]] of Lure (625);
Saint Ulfrid (''Ulfrith, Wolfred, Wulfrid, Wilfrid''), missionary in Germany and Sweden, martyred for destroying an image of Thor (1028);
Venerable Ephraim the Lesser (the Philosopher) of Georgia (1101);
Venerable Cyril, Igumen at Kiev (1146);
Saint Joachim I, [[Patriarch]] of Turnovo and Bulgaria (1248);
Saints Cyril and Mary, [[Schemamonk|Schema-monastics]], (both ca. 1337), parents of St. Sergius of Radonezh;
Saint Maximus of Serbia (''Maximus the New''), Archbishop of Wallachia (1516);
[[Venerable]] Athanasius of Syandemsk, [[Abbot]] of Syandemsk (Valaam and Vologda) (1550);
Venerable Athanasius of Novolotsk, [[Fool-for-Christ]] (16th-17th c.);
Saint Alexis (Shushania), Hieromonk of Teklati, Georgia (1923);
New Hieromartyr Michael, Priest (1919);
New Hieromartyr Eugene, Priest (1930);
New Hieromartyr Vladimir Zubkovich, Archpriest of Smolevichi (Belorussia) (1937);
New Hieromartyrs Nicholas, Sergius, Alexander, Priests (1938).

<noinclude>
[[Category:Calendar day templates|January 18]]
</noinclude>

Template:January 18

2015-04-15T00:18:39Z

Basil:

<div style="float:right;margin-left:1em">
[[Image:Athanasius and Cyril.jpg|100px|Ss. Athanasius and Cyril of Alexandria]]<br><br>
[[Image:Xenia of Rome.jpg|100px|St. Xenia of Rome]]
</div>

[[Saint]]s [[Athanasius of Alexandria|Athanasius]] (373) and [[Cyril of Alexandria|Cyril]] (444), Archbishops of Alexandria;
Martyr Theodoula of Anazarbus in Cilicia (ca.304);
Martyrs Helladius, Theodoulos, Boethius, Evagrius, and Macarius, of Anazarbus in Cilicia (ca. 304);
Martyr Xenia of Rome, by fire;
Venerable Marcian of Cyrrhus, monk, in Syria (ca.388);
Venerable Ephraimios, Bishop of Mylasa, in Caria (5th c.);
Venerbale Sylvanus of Palestine, ascetic;
[[Virgin-martyr]] Prisca of Rome (1st or 3rd c.);
Martyrs Archelais, Thecla and Susanna, three holy virgins, at Salerno (293);
Saint Volusianus of Tours, a married senator who was chosen Bishop of Tours and shortly after driven out by Arian Visigoths (496);
Saint Liberata of Como, a holy virgin in Como in Italy where with her sister St Faustina she founded the convent of Santa Margarita (580);
Saint Leobardus of Marmoutier in Gaul, hermit (593);
Saint Ninnidh of Inismacsaint (Ireland) (6th c.) - (''see also [[January 17]]'');
Saint Deicolus, one of the twelve disciples to accompany St. Columbanus in his missionary enterprise, [[Abbot]] of Lure (625);
Saint Ulfrid (''Ulfrith, Wolfred, Wulfrid, Wilfrid''), missionary in Germany and Sweden, martyred for destroying an image of Thor (1028);
Venerable Ephraim the Lesser (the Philosopher) of Georgia (1101);
Venerable Cyril, Igumen at Kiev (1146);
Saint Joachim I, [[Patriarch]] of Turnovo and Bulgaria (1248);
Saints Cyril and Maria, [[Schemamonk|Schema-monastics]], (both ca. 1337), parents of St. Sergius of Radonezh;
Saint Maximus of Serbia (''Maximus the New''), Archbishop of Wallachia (1516);
[[Venerable]] Athanasius of Syandemsk, [[Abbot]] of Syandemsk (Valaam and Vologda) (1550);
Venerable Athanasius of Novolotsk, [[Fool-for-Christ]] (16th-17th c.);
Saint Alexis (Shushania), Hieromonk of Teklati, Georgia (1923);
New Hieromartyr Michael, Priest (1919);
New Hieromartyr Eugene, Priest (1930);
New Hieromartyr Vladimir Zubkovich, Archpriest of Smolevichi (Belorussia) (1937);
New Hieromartyrs Nicholas, Sergius, Alexander, Priests (1938).

<noinclude>
[[Category:Calendar day templates|January 18]]
</noinclude>

Patron saint

2015-04-15T00:16:48Z

Basil: /* For marital difficulties */ Cyril & Mary, plus properly Anglicizing names.

A '''patron saint''' is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Since the time of the early Christians up to the present, a vast number of patron [[saint]]s have been recorded.

{{cleanup|links to saints, section titles}}

The following is a list of saints who are often called upon for special purposes.

==Against demons and witchcraft==
* Ss. Cyprian & Justina ([[October 2]])
* St. Mitrophan of Voronezh ([[November 23]], [[August 7]])
* St. [[Theodore the Sykeote]] ([[April 22]])

==Against drinking==
* Holy Martyr [[Boniface]] & the Righteous Aglais ([[June 5]])

==Against the plague==
* St. Bessarion of the Saviour, Archbishop of Larissa ([[September 15]])
* St. [[Haralambos]] ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Marina of Antioch|Marina the Great Martyr]] ([[July 17]])

==Delivery from sudden death==
* St. [[Barbara of Heliopolis|Barbara the Great Martyr]] ([[December 4]])

==For a good end to one's life==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[August 11]])

==For animals and livestock==
* Holy Martyr [[Mamas of Caesarea|Mamas]] ([[September 2]])
* Ss. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus: horses ([[January 16]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]]: cattle & herds ([[April 23]])
* St. Modestus of Jerusalem ([[December 18]])
* St. Parthenius of Radovizlios: cattle ([[July 21]])
* St. Tryphon: geese ([[February 1]])

==For captives and court cases==
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Great Martyr]] (April 23)
* St. Onouphrios the Great ([[June 12]])
* St. [[Peter the Athonite|Peter of Athos]] (June 12)
* St. [[Simeon the God-receiver|Simeon the God-Receiver]] ([[February 3]])

==For care and protection of infants==
* St. [[Stylianos of Paphlagonia|Stylianos]] ([[November 26]])

==For chastity and help in carnal warfare==
* Holy Martyr Ignatios of Athos ([[October 8]])
* Holy Martyr Theodore the Byzantine ([[February 17]])
* St. Anysia the Virgin Martyr ([[December 30]])
* St. Basil of Mangazea ([[March 23]])
* St. [[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]] ([[October 26]])
* St. [[John the Forerunner]] ([[August 29]])
* St. John the Much-Suffering ([[July 18]])
* St. Joseph the All-Comely (the Patriarch; [[Holy Week|Holy Monday]])
* St. Martinian ([[February 13]])
* St. [[Mary of Egypt]] ([[April 1]] and the [[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]])
* St. Moses the Hungarian ([[July 26]])
* St. [[Susanna]] ([[Old Testament]]; [[December 17]])
* St. [[Thomais of Alexandria|Thomais]] ([[April 13]] or [[April 14|14]])

==For children==
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra]] ([[December 6]])

==For church chanting ==
* Ss. Leonty and Geronty, Canonarchs of [[Kievo-Pechersk]] ([[July 18]] and April 1)
* St. John Koukouzelis ([[October 1]])
* St. [[Romanos the Melodist]] (October 1)
* St. Theodosius of Chernigov ([[February 5]])

==For cobblers==
* St. Eustathius the Cobbler of Georgia ([[July 29]])

==For ears==
* St. [[Spyridon of Trimythous|Spyridon the Wonderworker]] ([[December 12]])

==For eyes==
* St. [[Lucy of Syracuse|Lucia of Sicily]] ([[December 13]])
* St. [[Paraskevi]] ([[July 26]])

==For finding employment==
* St. [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] ([[January 24]])

==For finding things==
* St. [[Menas]] the Great Martyr of Egypt ([[November 11]])
* St. [[Phanourios]] the Great Martyr ([[August 27]])

==For guilelessness and simplicity==
* Holy [[Apostle Nathaniel]] ([[April 22]])
* St. Paul the Simple ([[March 7]])

==For headaches==
* Holy New Martyr Demas of Smyrna ([[April 10]])

==For help against quick-temper and despondency ==
* St. [[Tikhon of Zadonsk]] ([[August 13]])

==For help in distress or poverty==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[John the Merciful|John the Almsgiver of Alexandria]] ([[November 12]])
* St. [[Martin of Tours]], the Merciful (November 12)
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas the Wonderworker]] (December 6)

==For help in studies==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] (December 20)
* St. [[Justin Martyr|Justin the Philosopher]] ([[June 1]])
* St. Nestor the Chronicler of Kievo-Pechersk ([[October 27]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] ([[September 25]])
* [[Three Holy Hierarchs|Three Hierarchs]]: St. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. Gregory the Theologian ([[January 30]])

==For hernias and intestinal disorders ==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius of Antioch ([[October 20]])
* St. [[Artemius of Verkola]] ([[June 23]] and October 20)

==For [[iconographers]]==
* St. Alypius of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 17]])
* St. [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Apostle]] and Evangelist ([[October 18]])
* St. [[John of Damascus]] ([[December 4]])

==For marital difficulties==
* Venerable Schema-monastics Cyril and Mary ([[January 18]]), parents of the Venerable Sergius of Radonezh ([[September 25]]).
* Ss. Peter and Febronia of Muron: also for newlyweds ([[June 25]])
* Holy Martyrs Samonas, Gurias, and Abibus ([[November 15]])

==For meeting a difficult situation==
* Holy [[Archangel Raphael]] ([[November 8]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Arabia)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their brothers Anthimus, Leontius, and Evropius of Arabia ([[October 17]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Asia Minor)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their mother Theodoti of Asia Minor ([[November 1]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Rome)|Cosmas and Damian of Rome]] ([[July 1]])
* Ss. Cyrus and John of Alexandria ([[January 31]])
* Ss. [[Panteleimon]] and Hermolaus ([[July 27]] and [[July 26]])
* St. [[Anicetus and Photius|Anicetus]] ([[August 12]])
* St. [[David]] the Prophet, Psalmist, and King ([[Sunday of the Forefathers]] and the Sunday following the [[Nativity]])
* St. Diomedes the Healer ([[August 16]])
* St. John of Kronstadt (December 20)
* St. Julian the Martyr ([[June 21]])
* St. Mocius ([[May 11]])
* St. [[Nectarios of Aegina]] ([[november 9]])
* St. Thallelaus ([[Church of Armenia|Armenian saint]])
* St. Zoticos the Orphan-Keeper ([[December 30]] or [[December 31|31]])
* The [[Holy Unmercenaries]] and Healers

==For mental disorders==
* St. Anastasia ([[October 12]])
* St. [[Gerasimos of Cephalonia]]: the possessed ([[August 16]])
* St. Naum of Ochrid ([[June 20]])

==For patient endurance of affliction==
* Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste|Forty Martyrs of Sebastia]]: especially in freezing cold weather
* Holy [[42 Martyrs of Amorium|Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion]]
* Righteous [[Job the Long-suffering|Job the Much-Suffering]] ([[May 6]])
* St. Eustathius Placidas & Family ([[September 20]])
* St. Pimen the Much-Suffering of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 7]])

==For perfumers==
* St. Abo the Perfumer of Georgia ([[January 8]])

==For physicians==
* St. [[Panteleimon]] (July 27)
* The Holy Unmercenaries
* St Agapit the Physician of Kievo-Pechersk ([[June 1]])

==For protection against thieves==
* St. [[Gregory the Wonderworker]] of Kievo-Pechersk ([[January 8]])

==For protection of crops from pests ==
* St. Gerasimos the New Ascetic ([[October 20]])
* St. Michael of Synnada ([[May 23]])

==For protection of gardens against pests==
* Holy Great Martyr Tryphon: also for hunters and Patron of Moscow ([[February 1]])

==For safe childbirth==
* St. Eleutherios ([[August 4]] and [[December 15]])

==For soldiers==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Barbara the Great Martyr ([[December 4]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer |George]] the Great Martyr
* St. Titus the Soldier of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 27]])

==For spiritual help, consolation, and compunction==
* St [[Alexios the Man of God]] ([[March 17]])
* St [[Ephraim the Syrian]] ([[January 28]])
* St [[Seraphim of Sarov]] ([[January 2]])

==For stone-workers==
* Holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus ([[August 18]])

==For teeth==
* St. Antipas of Pergamum ([[April 11]])

==For the kitchen and home==
* Ss. Spyridon and Nikodim of Kievo-Pechersk: [[Prosphora]] making ([[October 31]])
* St. Euphrosynos the Cook ([[September 11]])
* St. [[Juliana of Lazarevo|Juliana Lazarevskaya]] ([[January 2]])
* St. Prochor of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]]: for baking (September 25)

==For the throat==
* St. [[Blaise of Sebaste]] ([[February 11]])

==For trading==
* St. Paraskevi (July 26)

==For travelers==
* St. [[John the Russian]]: for transport, auto, buses ([[May 27]])
* St. Nicholas: in general, and specifically for sea travel (December 6)
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople: for safety at sea ([[August 11]])

==For workers in hospitals==
* Holy [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]]
* St. Dositheus, Disciple of Abba Dorotheus ([[February 19]])

==For young people==
* Holy Great Martyr Demetrios the Wonderworker (October 26)

==To have a child==
* St. [[Joachim and Anna|Anna]], Mother of the Theotokos ([[September 9]])
* St. [[Elizabeth]], Mother of the Forerunner ([[September 5]])
* St. [[Irene Chrysovalantou|Irene]] of Chrysovolantou ([[July 28]])
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
* St. [[Simeon the Myrrh-flowing|Symeon the Myrrh-streamer]], father of St. Savva of Serbia ([[February 13]])

==Source==
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inhome/pray2sts.htm Saints Called upon for Special Purposes]

==See also==
*[[Name day]]

[[Category:Saints]]

[[el:Προστάτης άγιος]]

Patron saint

2015-04-15T00:13:02Z

Basil: Reverted edits by Basil (talk) to last revision by Magda

A '''patron saint''' is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Since the time of the early Christians up to the present, a vast number of patron [[saint]]s have been recorded.

{{cleanup|links to saints, section titles}}

The following is a list of saints who are often called upon for special purposes.

==Against demons and witchcraft==
* Ss. Cyprian & Justina ([[October 2]])
* St. Mitrophan of Voronezh ([[November 23]], [[August 7]])
* St. [[Theodore the Sykeote]] ([[April 22]])

==Against drinking==
* Holy Martyr [[Boniface]] & the Righteous Aglais ([[June 5]])

==Against the plague==
* St. Bessarion of the Saviour, Archbishop of Larissa ([[September 15]])
* St. [[Haralambos]] ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Marina of Antioch|Marina the Great Martyr]] ([[July 17]])

==Delivery from sudden death==
* St. [[Barbara of Heliopolis|Barbara the Great Martyr]] ([[December 4]])

==For a good end to one's life==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[August 11]])

==For animals and livestock==
* Holy Martyr [[Mamas of Caesarea|Mamas]] ([[September 2]])
* Ss. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus: horses ([[January 16]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]]: cattle & herds ([[April 23]])
* St. Modestus of Jerusalem ([[December 18]])
* St. Parthenius of Radovizlios: cattle ([[July 21]])
* St. Tryphon: geese ([[February 1]])

==For captives and court cases==
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Great Martyr]] (April 23)
* St. Onouphrios the Great ([[June 12]])
* St. [[Peter the Athonite|Peter of Athos]] (June 12)
* St. [[Simeon the God-receiver|Simeon the God-Receiver]] ([[February 3]])

==For care and protection of infants==
* St. [[Stylianos of Paphlagonia|Stylianos]] ([[November 26]])

==For chastity and help in carnal warfare==
* Holy Martyr Ignatios of Athos ([[October 8]])
* Holy Martyr Theodore the Byzantine ([[February 17]])
* St. Anysia the Virgin Martyr ([[December 30]])
* St. Basil of Mangazea ([[March 23]])
* St. [[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]] ([[October 26]])
* St. [[John the Forerunner]] ([[August 29]])
* St. John the Much-Suffering ([[July 18]])
* St. Joseph the All-Comely (the Patriarch; [[Holy Week|Holy Monday]])
* St. Martinian ([[February 13]])
* St. [[Mary of Egypt]] ([[April 1]] and the [[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]])
* St. Moses the Hungarian ([[July 26]])
* St. [[Susanna]] ([[Old Testament]]; [[December 17]])
* St. [[Thomais of Alexandria|Thomais]] ([[April 13]] or [[April 14|14]])

==For children==
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra]] ([[December 6]])

==For church chanting ==
* Ss. Leonty and Geronty, Canonarchs of [[Kievo-Pechersk]] ([[July 18]] and April 1)
* St. John Koukouzelis ([[October 1]])
* St. [[Romanos the Melodist]] (October 1)
* St. Theodosius of Chernigov ([[February 5]])

==For cobblers==
* St. Eustathius the Cobbler of Georgia ([[July 29]])

==For ears==
* St. [[Spyridon of Trimythous|Spyridon the Wonderworker]] ([[December 12]])

==For eyes==
* St. [[Lucy of Syracuse|Lucia of Sicily]] ([[December 13]])
* St. [[Paraskevi]] ([[July 26]])

==For finding employment==
* St. [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] ([[January 24]])

==For finding things==
* St. [[Menas]] the Great Martyr of Egypt ([[November 11]])
* St. [[Phanourios]] the Great Martyr ([[August 27]])

==For guilelessness and simplicity==
* Holy [[Apostle Nathaniel]] ([[April 22]])
* St. Paul the Simple ([[March 7]])

==For headaches==
* Holy New Martyr Demas of Smyrna ([[April 10]])

==For help against quick-temper and despondency ==
* St. [[Tikhon of Zadonsk]] ([[August 13]])

==For help in distress or poverty==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[John the Merciful|John the Almsgiver of Alexandria]] ([[November 12]])
* St. [[Martin of Tours]], the Merciful (November 12)
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas the Wonderworker]] (December 6)

==For help in studies==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] (December 20)
* St. [[Justin Martyr|Justin the Philosopher]] ([[June 1]])
* St. Nestor the Chronicler of Kievo-Pechersk ([[October 27]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] ([[September 25]])
* [[Three Holy Hierarchs|Three Hierarchs]]: St. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. Gregory the Theologian ([[January 30]])

==For hernias and intestinal disorders ==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius of Antioch ([[October 20]])
* St. [[Artemius of Verkola]] ([[June 23]] and October 20)

==For [[iconographers]]==
* St. Alypius of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 17]])
* St. [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Apostle]] and Evangelist ([[October 18]])
* St. [[John of Damascus]] ([[December 4]])

==For marital difficulties==
* Holy Martyrs Shamuna, Guria, and Habib ([[November 15]])
* Ss. Peter and Febronia of Muron: also for newlyweds ([[June 25]])

==For meeting a difficult situation==
* Holy [[Archangel Raphael]] ([[November 8]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Arabia)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their brothers Anthimus, Leontius, and Evropius of Arabia ([[October 17]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Asia Minor)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their mother Theodoti of Asia Minor ([[November 1]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Rome)|Cosmas and Damian of Rome]] ([[July 1]])
* Ss. Cyrus and John of Alexandria ([[January 31]])
* Ss. [[Panteleimon]] and Hermolaus ([[July 27]] and [[July 26]])
* St. [[Anicetus and Photius|Anicetus]] ([[August 12]])
* St. [[David]] the Prophet, Psalmist, and King ([[Sunday of the Forefathers]] and the Sunday following the [[Nativity]])
* St. Diomedes the Healer ([[August 16]])
* St. John of Kronstadt (December 20)
* St. Julian the Martyr ([[June 21]])
* St. Mocius ([[May 11]])
* St. [[Nectarios of Aegina]] ([[november 9]])
* St. Thallelaus ([[Church of Armenia|Armenian saint]])
* St. Zoticos the Orphan-Keeper ([[December 30]] or [[December 31|31]])
* The [[Holy Unmercenaries]] and Healers

==For mental disorders==
* St. Anastasia ([[October 12]])
* St. [[Gerasimos of Cephalonia]]: the possessed ([[August 16]])
* St. Naum of Ochrid ([[June 20]])

==For patient endurance of affliction==
* Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste|Forty Martyrs of Sebastia]]: especially in freezing cold weather
* Holy [[42 Martyrs of Amorium|Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion]]
* Righteous [[Job the Long-suffering|Job the Much-Suffering]] ([[May 6]])
* St. Eustathius Placidas & Family ([[September 20]])
* St. Pimen the Much-Suffering of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 7]])

==For perfumers==
* St. Abo the Perfumer of Georgia ([[January 8]])

==For physicians==
* St. [[Panteleimon]] (July 27)
* The Holy Unmercenaries
* St Agapit the Physician of Kievo-Pechersk ([[June 1]])

==For protection against thieves==
* St. [[Gregory the Wonderworker]] of Kievo-Pechersk ([[January 8]])

==For protection of crops from pests ==
* St. Gerasimos the New Ascetic ([[October 20]])
* St. Michael of Synnada ([[May 23]])

==For protection of gardens against pests==
* Holy Great Martyr Tryphon: also for hunters and Patron of Moscow ([[February 1]])

==For safe childbirth==
* St. Eleutherios ([[August 4]] and [[December 15]])

==For soldiers==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Barbara the Great Martyr ([[December 4]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer |George]] the Great Martyr
* St. Titus the Soldier of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 27]])

==For spiritual help, consolation, and compunction==
* St [[Alexios the Man of God]] ([[March 17]])
* St [[Ephraim the Syrian]] ([[January 28]])
* St [[Seraphim of Sarov]] ([[January 2]])

==For stone-workers==
* Holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus ([[August 18]])

==For teeth==
* St. Antipas of Pergamum ([[April 11]])

==For the kitchen and home==
* Ss. Spyridon and Nikodim of Kievo-Pechersk: [[Prosphora]] making ([[October 31]])
* St. Euphrosynos the Cook ([[September 11]])
* St. [[Juliana of Lazarevo|Juliana Lazarevskaya]] ([[January 2]])
* St. Prochor of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]]: for baking (September 25)

==For the throat==
* St. [[Blaise of Sebaste]] ([[February 11]])

==For trading==
* St. Paraskevi (July 26)

==For travelers==
* St. [[John the Russian]]: for transport, auto, buses ([[May 27]])
* St. Nicholas: in general, and specifically for sea travel (December 6)
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople: for safety at sea ([[August 11]])

==For workers in hospitals==
* Holy [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]]
* St. Dositheus, Disciple of Abba Dorotheus ([[February 19]])

==For young people==
* Holy Great Martyr Demetrios the Wonderworker (October 26)

==To have a child==
* St. [[Joachim and Anna|Anna]], Mother of the Theotokos ([[September 9]])
* St. [[Elizabeth]], Mother of the Forerunner ([[September 5]])
* St. [[Irene Chrysovalantou|Irene]] of Chrysovolantou ([[July 28]])
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
* St. [[Simeon the Myrrh-flowing|Symeon the Myrrh-streamer]], father of St. Savva of Serbia ([[February 13]])

==Source==
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inhome/pray2sts.htm Saints Called upon for Special Purposes]

==See also==
*[[Name day]]

[[Category:Saints]]

[[el:Προστάτης άγιος]]

Patron saint

2015-04-15T00:12:33Z

Basil: /* For marital difficulties */

A '''patron saint''' is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Since the time of the early Christians up to the present, a vast number of patron [[saint]]s have been recorded.

{{cleanup|links to saints, section titles}}

The following is a list of saints who are often called upon for special purposes.

==Against demons and witchcraft==
* Ss. Cyprian & Justina ([[October 2]])
* St. Mitrophan of Voronezh ([[November 23]], [[August 7]])
* St. [[Theodore the Sykeote]] ([[April 22]])

==Against drinking==
* Holy Martyr [[Boniface]] & the Righteous Aglais ([[June 5]])

==Against the plague==
* St. Bessarion of the Saviour, Archbishop of Larissa ([[September 15]])
* St. [[Haralambos]] ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Marina of Antioch|Marina the Great Martyr]] ([[July 17]])

==Delivery from sudden death==
* St. [[Barbara of Heliopolis|Barbara the Great Martyr]] ([[December 4]])

==For a good end to one's life==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[August 11]])

==For animals and livestock==
* Holy Martyr [[Mamas of Caesarea|Mamas]] ([[September 2]])
* Ss. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus: horses ([[January 16]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]]: cattle & herds ([[April 23]])
* St. Modestus of Jerusalem ([[December 18]])
* St. Parthenius of Radovizlios: cattle ([[July 21]])
* St. Tryphon: geese ([[February 1]])

==For captives and court cases==
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Great Martyr]] (April 23)
* St. Onouphrios the Great ([[June 12]])
* St. [[Peter the Athonite|Peter of Athos]] (June 12)
* St. [[Simeon the God-receiver|Simeon the God-Receiver]] ([[February 3]])

==For care and protection of infants==
* St. [[Stylianos of Paphlagonia|Stylianos]] ([[November 26]])

==For chastity and help in carnal warfare==
* Holy Martyr Ignatios of Athos ([[October 8]])
* Holy Martyr Theodore the Byzantine ([[February 17]])
* St. Anysia the Virgin Martyr ([[December 30]])
* St. Basil of Mangazea ([[March 23]])
* St. [[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]] ([[October 26]])
* St. [[John the Forerunner]] ([[August 29]])
* St. John the Much-Suffering ([[July 18]])
* St. Joseph the All-Comely (the Patriarch; [[Holy Week|Holy Monday]])
* St. Martinian ([[February 13]])
* St. [[Mary of Egypt]] ([[April 1]] and the [[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]])
* St. Moses the Hungarian ([[July 26]])
* St. [[Susanna]] ([[Old Testament]]; [[December 17]])
* St. [[Thomais of Alexandria|Thomais]] ([[April 13]] or [[April 14|14]])

==For children==
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra]] ([[December 6]])

==For church chanting ==
* Ss. Leonty and Geronty, Canonarchs of [[Kievo-Pechersk]] ([[July 18]] and April 1)
* St. John Koukouzelis ([[October 1]])
* St. [[Romanos the Melodist]] (October 1)
* St. Theodosius of Chernigov ([[February 5]])

==For cobblers==
* St. Eustathius the Cobbler of Georgia ([[July 29]])

==For ears==
* St. [[Spyridon of Trimythous|Spyridon the Wonderworker]] ([[December 12]])

==For eyes==
* St. [[Lucy of Syracuse|Lucia of Sicily]] ([[December 13]])
* St. [[Paraskevi]] ([[July 26]])

==For finding employment==
* St. [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] ([[January 24]])

==For finding things==
* St. [[Menas]] the Great Martyr of Egypt ([[November 11]])
* St. [[Phanourios]] the Great Martyr ([[August 27]])

==For guilelessness and simplicity==
* Holy [[Apostle Nathaniel]] ([[April 22]])
* St. Paul the Simple ([[March 7]])

==For headaches==
* Holy New Martyr Demas of Smyrna ([[April 10]])

==For help against quick-temper and despondency ==
* St. [[Tikhon of Zadonsk]] ([[August 13]])

==For help in distress or poverty==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[John the Merciful|John the Almsgiver of Alexandria]] ([[November 12]])
* St. [[Martin of Tours]], the Merciful (November 12)
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas the Wonderworker]] (December 6)

==For help in studies==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] (December 20)
* St. [[Justin Martyr|Justin the Philosopher]] ([[June 1]])
* St. Nestor the Chronicler of Kievo-Pechersk ([[October 27]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] ([[September 25]])
* [[Three Holy Hierarchs|Three Hierarchs]]: St. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. Gregory the Theologian ([[January 30]])

==For hernias and intestinal disorders ==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius of Antioch ([[October 20]])
* St. [[Artemius of Verkola]] ([[June 23]] and October 20)

==For [[iconographers]]==
* St. Alypius of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 17]])
* St. [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Apostle]] and Evangelist ([[October 18]])
* St. [[John of Damascus]] ([[December 4]])

==For marital difficulties==
* Venerable Schema-monastics Cyril and Mary ([[January 18]]) (Kirill and Maria), parents of the venerable Sergius of Radonezh ([[September 25]])
* Ss. Peter and Febronia of Muron: also for newlyweds ([[June 25]])
* Holy Martyrs Samonas, Gurias, and Habibus ([[November 15]]) (Shamuna, Guria, and Habiovember 15]])

==For meeting a difficult situation==
* Holy [[Archangel Raphael]] ([[November 8]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Arabia)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their brothers Anthimus, Leontius, and Evropius of Arabia ([[October 17]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Asia Minor)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their mother Theodoti of Asia Minor ([[November 1]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Rome)|Cosmas and Damian of Rome]] ([[July 1]])
* Ss. Cyrus and John of Alexandria ([[January 31]])
* Ss. [[Panteleimon]] and Hermolaus ([[July 27]] and [[July 26]])
* St. [[Anicetus and Photius|Anicetus]] ([[August 12]])
* St. [[David]] the Prophet, Psalmist, and King ([[Sunday of the Forefathers]] and the Sunday following the [[Nativity]])
* St. Diomedes the Healer ([[August 16]])
* St. John of Kronstadt (December 20)
* St. Julian the Martyr ([[June 21]])
* St. Mocius ([[May 11]])
* St. [[Nectarios of Aegina]] ([[november 9]])
* St. Thallelaus ([[Church of Armenia|Armenian saint]])
* St. Zoticos the Orphan-Keeper ([[December 30]] or [[December 31|31]])
* The [[Holy Unmercenaries]] and Healers

==For mental disorders==
* St. Anastasia ([[October 12]])
* St. [[Gerasimos of Cephalonia]]: the possessed ([[August 16]])
* St. Naum of Ochrid ([[June 20]])

==For patient endurance of affliction==
* Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste|Forty Martyrs of Sebastia]]: especially in freezing cold weather
* Holy [[42 Martyrs of Amorium|Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion]]
* Righteous [[Job the Long-suffering|Job the Much-Suffering]] ([[May 6]])
* St. Eustathius Placidas & Family ([[September 20]])
* St. Pimen the Much-Suffering of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 7]])

==For perfumers==
* St. Abo the Perfumer of Georgia ([[January 8]])

==For physicians==
* St. [[Panteleimon]] (July 27)
* The Holy Unmercenaries
* St Agapit the Physician of Kievo-Pechersk ([[June 1]])

==For protection against thieves==
* St. [[Gregory the Wonderworker]] of Kievo-Pechersk ([[January 8]])

==For protection of crops from pests ==
* St. Gerasimos the New Ascetic ([[October 20]])
* St. Michael of Synnada ([[May 23]])

==For protection of gardens against pests==
* Holy Great Martyr Tryphon: also for hunters and Patron of Moscow ([[February 1]])

==For safe childbirth==
* St. Eleutherios ([[August 4]] and [[December 15]])

==For soldiers==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Barbara the Great Martyr ([[December 4]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer |George]] the Great Martyr
* St. Titus the Soldier of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 27]])

==For spiritual help, consolation, and compunction==
* St [[Alexios the Man of God]] ([[March 17]])
* St [[Ephraim the Syrian]] ([[January 28]])
* St [[Seraphim of Sarov]] ([[January 2]])

==For stone-workers==
* Holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus ([[August 18]])

==For teeth==
* St. Antipas of Pergamum ([[April 11]])

==For the kitchen and home==
* Ss. Spyridon and Nikodim of Kievo-Pechersk: [[Prosphora]] making ([[October 31]])
* St. Euphrosynos the Cook ([[September 11]])
* St. [[Juliana of Lazarevo|Juliana Lazarevskaya]] ([[January 2]])
* St. Prochor of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]]: for baking (September 25)

==For the throat==
* St. [[Blaise of Sebaste]] ([[February 11]])

==For trading==
* St. Paraskevi (July 26)

==For travelers==
* St. [[John the Russian]]: for transport, auto, buses ([[May 27]])
* St. Nicholas: in general, and specifically for sea travel (December 6)
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople: for safety at sea ([[August 11]])

==For workers in hospitals==
* Holy [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]]
* St. Dositheus, Disciple of Abba Dorotheus ([[February 19]])

==For young people==
* Holy Great Martyr Demetrios the Wonderworker (October 26)

==To have a child==
* St. [[Joachim and Anna|Anna]], Mother of the Theotokos ([[September 9]])
* St. [[Elizabeth]], Mother of the Forerunner ([[September 5]])
* St. [[Irene Chrysovalantou|Irene]] of Chrysovolantou ([[July 28]])
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
* St. [[Simeon the Myrrh-flowing|Symeon the Myrrh-streamer]], father of St. Savva of Serbia ([[February 13]])

==Source==
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inhome/pray2sts.htm Saints Called upon for Special Purposes]

==See also==
*[[Name day]]

[[Category:Saints]]

[[el:Προστάτης άγιος]]

Patron saint

2015-04-15T00:11:48Z

Basil: /* For marital difficulties */ adding Ss. Cyril & Mary

A '''patron saint''' is regarded as the intercessor and advocate in heaven of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, or person. Since the time of the early Christians up to the present, a vast number of patron [[saint]]s have been recorded.

{{cleanup|links to saints, section titles}}

The following is a list of saints who are often called upon for special purposes.

==Against demons and witchcraft==
* Ss. Cyprian & Justina ([[October 2]])
* St. Mitrophan of Voronezh ([[November 23]], [[August 7]])
* St. [[Theodore the Sykeote]] ([[April 22]])

==Against drinking==
* Holy Martyr [[Boniface]] & the Righteous Aglais ([[June 5]])

==Against the plague==
* St. Bessarion of the Saviour, Archbishop of Larissa ([[September 15]])
* St. [[Haralambos]] ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Marina of Antioch|Marina the Great Martyr]] ([[July 17]])

==Delivery from sudden death==
* St. [[Barbara of Heliopolis|Barbara the Great Martyr]] ([[December 4]])

==For a good end to one's life==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople ([[August 11]])

==For animals and livestock==
* Holy Martyr [[Mamas of Caesarea|Mamas]] ([[September 2]])
* Ss. Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Meleusippus: horses ([[January 16]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George]]: cattle & herds ([[April 23]])
* St. Modestus of Jerusalem ([[December 18]])
* St. Parthenius of Radovizlios: cattle ([[July 21]])
* St. Tryphon: geese ([[February 1]])

==For captives and court cases==
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer|George the Great Martyr]] (April 23)
* St. Onouphrios the Great ([[June 12]])
* St. [[Peter the Athonite|Peter of Athos]] (June 12)
* St. [[Simeon the God-receiver|Simeon the God-Receiver]] ([[February 3]])

==For care and protection of infants==
* St. [[Stylianos of Paphlagonia|Stylianos]] ([[November 26]])

==For chastity and help in carnal warfare==
* Holy Martyr Ignatios of Athos ([[October 8]])
* Holy Martyr Theodore the Byzantine ([[February 17]])
* St. Anysia the Virgin Martyr ([[December 30]])
* St. Basil of Mangazea ([[March 23]])
* St. [[Demetrios of Thessaloniki|Demetrios the Great Martyr]] ([[October 26]])
* St. [[John the Forerunner]] ([[August 29]])
* St. John the Much-Suffering ([[July 18]])
* St. Joseph the All-Comely (the Patriarch; [[Holy Week|Holy Monday]])
* St. Martinian ([[February 13]])
* St. [[Mary of Egypt]] ([[April 1]] and the [[Sunday of St. Mary of Egypt]])
* St. Moses the Hungarian ([[July 26]])
* St. [[Susanna]] ([[Old Testament]]; [[December 17]])
* St. [[Thomais of Alexandria|Thomais]] ([[April 13]] or [[April 14|14]])

==For children==
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra]] ([[December 6]])

==For church chanting ==
* Ss. Leonty and Geronty, Canonarchs of [[Kievo-Pechersk]] ([[July 18]] and April 1)
* St. John Koukouzelis ([[October 1]])
* St. [[Romanos the Melodist]] (October 1)
* St. Theodosius of Chernigov ([[February 5]])

==For cobblers==
* St. Eustathius the Cobbler of Georgia ([[July 29]])

==For ears==
* St. [[Spyridon of Trimythous|Spyridon the Wonderworker]] ([[December 12]])

==For eyes==
* St. [[Lucy of Syracuse|Lucia of Sicily]] ([[December 13]])
* St. [[Paraskevi]] ([[July 26]])

==For finding employment==
* St. [[Xenia of St. Petersburg]] ([[January 24]])

==For finding things==
* St. [[Menas]] the Great Martyr of Egypt ([[November 11]])
* St. [[Phanourios]] the Great Martyr ([[August 27]])

==For guilelessness and simplicity==
* Holy [[Apostle Nathaniel]] ([[April 22]])
* St. Paul the Simple ([[March 7]])

==For headaches==
* Holy New Martyr Demas of Smyrna ([[April 10]])

==For help against quick-temper and despondency ==
* St. [[Tikhon of Zadonsk]] ([[August 13]])

==For help in distress or poverty==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] ([[December 20]])
* St. [[John the Merciful|John the Almsgiver of Alexandria]] ([[November 12]])
* St. [[Martin of Tours]], the Merciful (November 12)
* St. [[Nicholas of Myra|Nicholas the Wonderworker]] (December 6)

==For help in studies==
* St. [[John of Kronstadt]] (December 20)
* St. [[Justin Martyr|Justin the Philosopher]] ([[June 1]])
* St. Nestor the Chronicler of Kievo-Pechersk ([[October 27]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]] ([[September 25]])
* [[Three Holy Hierarchs|Three Hierarchs]]: St. Basil the Great, St. John Chrysostom, St. Gregory the Theologian ([[January 30]])

==For hernias and intestinal disorders ==
* Holy Great Martyr Artemius of Antioch ([[October 20]])
* St. [[Artemius of Verkola]] ([[June 23]] and October 20)

==For [[iconographers]]==
* St. Alypius of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 17]])
* St. [[Apostle Luke|Luke the Apostle]] and Evangelist ([[October 18]])
* St. [[John of Damascus]] ([[December 4]])

==For marital difficulties==
* Venerable Schema-monastics Cyril and Mary ([[January 18]]) (Kirill and Maria), parents of the venerable Sergius of Radonezh ([[September 25]])
* Ss. Peter and Febronia of Muron: also for newlyweds ([[June 25]])
* Holy Martyrs Samonas, Gurias, and Habibus (Shamuna, Guria, and Habib) ([[November 15]])

==For meeting a difficult situation==
* Holy [[Archangel Raphael]] ([[November 8]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Arabia)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their brothers Anthimus, Leontius, and Evropius of Arabia ([[October 17]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Asia Minor)|Cosmas and Damian]] and their mother Theodoti of Asia Minor ([[November 1]])
* Ss. [[Cosmas and Damian (Rome)|Cosmas and Damian of Rome]] ([[July 1]])
* Ss. Cyrus and John of Alexandria ([[January 31]])
* Ss. [[Panteleimon]] and Hermolaus ([[July 27]] and [[July 26]])
* St. [[Anicetus and Photius|Anicetus]] ([[August 12]])
* St. [[David]] the Prophet, Psalmist, and King ([[Sunday of the Forefathers]] and the Sunday following the [[Nativity]])
* St. Diomedes the Healer ([[August 16]])
* St. John of Kronstadt (December 20)
* St. Julian the Martyr ([[June 21]])
* St. Mocius ([[May 11]])
* St. [[Nectarios of Aegina]] ([[november 9]])
* St. Thallelaus ([[Church of Armenia|Armenian saint]])
* St. Zoticos the Orphan-Keeper ([[December 30]] or [[December 31|31]])
* The [[Holy Unmercenaries]] and Healers

==For mental disorders==
* St. Anastasia ([[October 12]])
* St. [[Gerasimos of Cephalonia]]: the possessed ([[August 16]])
* St. Naum of Ochrid ([[June 20]])

==For patient endurance of affliction==
* Holy [[Forty Martyrs of Sebaste|Forty Martyrs of Sebastia]]: especially in freezing cold weather
* Holy [[42 Martyrs of Amorium|Forty-Two Martyrs of Amorion]]
* Righteous [[Job the Long-suffering|Job the Much-Suffering]] ([[May 6]])
* St. Eustathius Placidas & Family ([[September 20]])
* St. Pimen the Much-Suffering of Kievo-Pechersk ([[August 7]])

==For perfumers==
* St. Abo the Perfumer of Georgia ([[January 8]])

==For physicians==
* St. [[Panteleimon]] (July 27)
* The Holy Unmercenaries
* St Agapit the Physician of Kievo-Pechersk ([[June 1]])

==For protection against thieves==
* St. [[Gregory the Wonderworker]] of Kievo-Pechersk ([[January 8]])

==For protection of crops from pests ==
* St. Gerasimos the New Ascetic ([[October 20]])
* St. Michael of Synnada ([[May 23]])

==For protection of gardens against pests==
* Holy Great Martyr Tryphon: also for hunters and Patron of Moscow ([[February 1]])

==For safe childbirth==
* St. Eleutherios ([[August 4]] and [[December 15]])

==For soldiers==
* Holy [[Archangel Michael]] ([[November 8]])
* St. Barbara the Great Martyr ([[December 4]])
* St. [[George the Trophy-bearer |George]] the Great Martyr
* St. Titus the Soldier of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 27]])

==For spiritual help, consolation, and compunction==
* St [[Alexios the Man of God]] ([[March 17]])
* St [[Ephraim the Syrian]] ([[January 28]])
* St [[Seraphim of Sarov]] ([[January 2]])

==For stone-workers==
* Holy Martyrs Florus and Laurus ([[August 18]])

==For teeth==
* St. Antipas of Pergamum ([[April 11]])

==For the kitchen and home==
* Ss. Spyridon and Nikodim of Kievo-Pechersk: [[Prosphora]] making ([[October 31]])
* St. Euphrosynos the Cook ([[September 11]])
* St. [[Juliana of Lazarevo|Juliana Lazarevskaya]] ([[January 2]])
* St. Prochor of Kievo-Pechersk ([[February 10]])
* St. [[Sergius of Radonezh]]: for baking (September 25)

==For the throat==
* St. [[Blaise of Sebaste]] ([[February 11]])

==For trading==
* St. Paraskevi (July 26)

==For travelers==
* St. [[John the Russian]]: for transport, auto, buses ([[May 27]])
* St. Nicholas: in general, and specifically for sea travel (December 6)
* St. Niphon, Patriarch of Constantinople: for safety at sea ([[August 11]])

==For workers in hospitals==
* Holy [[Unmercenary|Unmercenaries]]
* St. Dositheus, Disciple of Abba Dorotheus ([[February 19]])

==For young people==
* Holy Great Martyr Demetrios the Wonderworker (October 26)

==To have a child==
* St. [[Joachim and Anna|Anna]], Mother of the Theotokos ([[September 9]])
* St. [[Elizabeth]], Mother of the Forerunner ([[September 5]])
* St. [[Irene Chrysovalantou|Irene]] of Chrysovolantou ([[July 28]])
* St. [[Sabbas the Sanctified]] of Palestine ([[December 5]])
* St. [[Simeon the Myrrh-flowing|Symeon the Myrrh-streamer]], father of St. Savva of Serbia ([[February 13]])

==Source==
*[http://www.theologic.com/oflweb/inhome/pray2sts.htm Saints Called upon for Special Purposes]

==See also==
*[[Name day]]

[[Category:Saints]]

[[el:Προστάτης άγιος]]

Template:July 29

2015-03-20T02:43:46Z

Basil:

<div style="float:right;margin-left:1em">
[[Image:Olaf of Norway.jpg|100px|St. Olaf of Norway]]
</div>[[Martyr]] Callinicus of Asia Minor; Martyr Theodote and her Children; [[Saint]] Constantine, [[Patriarch]] of Constantinople; Saint [[Theodosius the New]], emperor; Saint [[Roman of Kirzhach|Roman]], [[abbot]] of Kirzhach, [[disciple]] of Saint [[Sergius of Radonezh]]; Saints Constantine and Cosmas, abbots of Kosinsk, Pskov; Martyr Eustace of Mtskhet in Georgia; Martyr Michael; Saint Lupus the Confessor, [[Bishop]] of Troyes; Martyrs Mamas and Vasilicos the Elder in Darii; Saint Bogolep, Schemamonk-child of Black Ravine near Astrakhan; Saint [[Olaf of Norway|Olaf]], [[Enlightener]] of Norway; Martyr Basiliscus the Elder; Martyrs Benjamin and Berius of Constantinople; Martyr Bessarion, Bishop of Smolyan; Saint Sulian, Abbot of Luxulyan, Cornwall; Anatolius the Younger of Optina (see also [[November 12]], [[July 30]]); Martyr John the soldier at Constantinople (see also [[July 30]]); Martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, of Rome; [[Virgin-martyr]] Seraphima of Antioch
<noinclude>[[Category:Calendar day templates|July 29]]</noinclude>

Template:July 29

2015-03-20T02:42:53Z

Basil:

<div style="float:right;margin-left:1em">
[[Image:Olaf of Norway.jpg|100px|St. Olaf of Norway]]
</div>[[Martyr]] Callinicus of Asia Minor; Martyr Theodote and her Children; [[Saint]] Constantine, [[Patriarch]] of Constantinople; Saint [[Theodosius the New]], emperor; Saint [[Roman of Kirzhach|Roman]], [[abbot]] of Kirzhach, [[disciple]] of Saint [[Sergius of Radonezh]]; Saints Constantine and Cosmas, abbots of Kosinsk, Pskov; Martyr Eustace of Mtskhet in Georgia; Martyr Michael; Saint Lupus the Confessor, [[Bishop]] of Troyes; Martyrs Mamas and Vasilicos the Elder in Darii; Saint Bogolep, Schemamonk-child of Black Ravine near Astrakhan; Saint [[Olaf of Norway|Olaf]], [[Enlightener]] of Norway; Martyr Basiliscus the Elder; Martyrs Benjamin and Berius of Constantinople; Martyr Bessarion, Bishop of Smolyan; Saint Sulian, Abbot of Luxulyan, Cornwall; Anatolios the Younger of Optina (see also [[November 12]], [[July 30]]); Martyr John the soldier at Constantinople (see also [[July 30]]); Martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, of Rome; [[Virgin-martyr]] Seraphima of Antioch
<noinclude>[[Category:Calendar day templates|July 29]]</noinclude>

Template:July 29

2015-03-20T02:42:00Z

Basil:

<div style="float:right;margin-left:1em">
[[Image:Olaf of Norway.jpg|100px|St. Olaf of Norway]]
</div>[[Martyr]] Kallinikos of Asia Minor; Martyr Theodote and her Children; [[Saint]] Constantine, [[Patriarch]] of Constantinople; Saint [[Theodosius the New]], emperor; Saint [[Roman of Kirzhach|Roman]], [[abbot]] of Kirzhach, [[disciple]] of Saint [[Sergius of Radonezh]]; Saints Constantine and Cosmas, abbots of Kosinsk, Pskov; Martyr Eustace of Mtskhet in Georgia; Martyr Michael; Saint Lupus the Confessor, [[Bishop]] of Troyes; Martyrs Mamas and Vasilicos the Elder in Darii; Saint Bogolep, Schemamonk-child of Black Ravine near Astrakhan; Saint [[Olaf of Norway|Olaf]], [[Enlightener]] of Norway; Martyr Basiliscus the Elder; Martyrs Benjamin and Berius of Constantinople; Martyr Bessarion, Bishop of Smolyan; Saint Sulian, Abbot of Luxulyan, Cornwall; Anatolios the Younger of Optina (see also [[November 12]], [[July 30]]); Martyr John the soldier at Constantinople (see also [[July 30]]); Martyrs Simplicius, Faustinus, and Beatrice, of Rome; [[Virgin-martyr]] Seraphima of Antioch
<noinclude>[[Category:Calendar day templates|July 29]]</noinclude>

Template:User degree/MDiv nonO

2014-11-12T18:51:26Z

Basil:

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2014-11-12T18:48:55Z

Basil:

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User:Basil

2014-11-12T18:46:37Z

Basil:

{| align="right"
| {{user orthodox US}}
|-
| {{user OCA}}
|-
| {{user degree/MDiv O}}
|-
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|-
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|-
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'''Kevin Basil Fritts''', editor since the Sunday after Theophany and Priest-martyr Philip, metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia ([[January 9|9 January]]) 2005. Sysop since the feast of St. Xenia of Rome ([[January 24|24 January]]) 2005.

== Background & External Links ==
My blog is [http://blog.kevinbasil.com/ Decimation & Reconstruction], an ecclectic mishmash of opinions on nearly everything.

[[Image:Basil_bio_pic.jpg|250px|right|Self-portrait of User:basil]]
I am a seminarian in the [http://oca.org/ Orthodox Church in America]. I was a founding member of [http://athanasiusoca.org St Athanasius Orthodox Church], Nicholasville, KY. I am also a veteran. While in the service of the US Navy, I attended services at Dormition of the Theotokos (Orthodox Church in America) and Annunciation Cathedral (Greek Archdiocese) in Norfolk, Virginia, St. Nicholas Orthodox Church (Greek Archdiocese) in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, [http://holytrinityorthodox.org/ Holy Trinity Orthodox Church], cathedral of the [http://www.dneoca.org New England diocese] (OCA), St. Nicholas (OCA) in Norwich, Connecticut, and St. Sophia (Greek) in New London, Connecticut.

I graduated with a degree in Philosophy from [http://asbury.edu Asbury University] (then Asbury College) in Wilmore, KY. I am currently studying at [http://svots.edu/ St Vladimir's Seminary]. Please keep me in your prayers.

== Resources for OrthodoxWiki Editors ==
*[http://pomog.org/ Protection of the Mother of God Russian Orthodox Church (ROCOR)]: An excellent site. Their list of saints is exemplary for correctly translating most names into English. Also, online version of [[Holy Transfiguration Monastery (Boston, Massachusetts)|Holy Transfiguration Monastery's]] [[Septuagint]] [[Psalter]].
*''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'' ISBN 0631232036

== Contributions ==

Articles and pages which I've created or imported, or to which I feel I've contributed significant content:

=== Articles ===

{| width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="2" border=0
| align="left" valign="top"|
*[[Aposticha]]
*Saint [[Basil the Great]]
*Saint [[Emily]], mother of Saint Basil the Great
*[[Divine Liturgy]]
*Saint [[Mary Skobtsova]]
*[[October 1]]
*[[Pascha]]
*[[Kontakion]]
*[[OrthodoxWiki:Style Manual]]
*[[Troparion]]
*[[Traditionalist]]
*[[Tithe]]
*[[Passion]]

|align="left" valign="top"|
*[[New Skete (Cambridge, New York)]]
*[[St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary (Crestwood, New York)]]
*Emperor St. [[Constantine the Great]]
*Empress St. [[Helen]], mother of St. Constantine
*[[May 21]]
*[[Iconostasis|Icon screen]]
*[[Roman Catholic Church]] — intro paragraphs
*[[January 24]]
*[[OrthodoxWiki:Protected page guidelines]]
*[[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|One, holy, catholic, and apostolic Church]]
*[[Evolution]]
*[[Nicephorus the Leper]]
|}

=== Images ===
{| width="100%" align="left" cellpadding="2" border=0
|+Most of these have been released under the CC/Non-commercial license (except where noted with ©): {{cc by-nc-sa}}

|align="left" valign="top"|
*[[Image:Orthodox us.gif|thumb|90px|left]]

|align="left" valign="top"|
*[[Image:Basil self portrait.jpg|thumb|90px|left|©]]
|}

[[Category:User Pages]]

Template:User degree/MDiv O

2014-11-12T18:42:47Z

Basil:

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2014-11-12T18:42:32Z

Basil:

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Template:User degree/MDiv nonO

2014-11-12T18:40:35Z

Basil: Created page with "{{userbox | border-c = {{{1|#808080}}} | id = {{{3|✝MDiv}}} | id-c = {{{1|#FF3030}}} | id-fc = {{{id-fc|black}}} | id-s = {{{5|{{{id-s|14}}}}}} | info =..."

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2014-11-12T18:38:57Z

Basil: Created page with "{{userbox | border-c = {{{1|#808080}}} | id = {{{3|☦MDiv}}} | id-c = {{{1|#FF3030}}} | id-fc = {{{id-fc|black}}} | id-s = {{{5|{{{id-s|14}}}}}} | info =..."

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Western Rite

2014-11-12T18:09:23Z

Basil: /* Liturgy in the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate */ Parenthetical explanation of the term "Tridentine Mass"

The '''Western Rite''' is a minority liturgical tradition within the Orthodox Church. Western Rite Orthodox Christians hold the full Orthodox faith in common with their brethren of the [[Byzantine Rite]] but celebrate Western forms of liturgy. Liturgical diversity, both between and within the East and West, was common before the [[Great Schism]], yet not as diverse as like in today's time. At present, all of the [[bishop]]s who care for such [[parish]]es are themselves followers of the Byzantine Rite.
{{westernrite}}
==Modern History==
===The Nineteenth Century===
:''Main article: [[Western Rite in the Nineteenth Century]]''
In 1864, 44-year-old [[Joseph Julian Overbeck]] was [[chrismation|chrismated]] into the [[Orthodox Church]]. Overbeck was a former [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] priest from Germany who had left the priesthood after becoming disillusioned with papal supremacy. He became Lutheran and married before joining the Orthodox Church. In 1866, he published ''Catholic Orthodoxy and Anglo-Catholicism'', which contained the groundings for his work for the next twenty years. A year later, be began publishing a periodical, ''Orthodox Catholic Review'', aimed at putting forward Orthodoxy and rejecting Catholicism and Protestantism.

The year 1867 saw Overbeck, with 122 signatures from the Oxford Movement, petition the Church of Russia for the establishment of a Western Rite church in full communion with the Eastern Rite. A seven-member synodal commission was then formed, and invited Overbeck to attend. The idea was approved, and Overbeck set about submitting a draft of the proposed Western liturgy, which added an epiclesis and the Trisagion hymn to the Tridentine [[Mass]]. This rite was submitted in 1871, and was examined and approved by the commission. Overbeck focused his efforts on the Old Catholic movement, who had rejected Papal Infallibility. He continued to engage in polemics with Catholics, Anglicans, and Orthodox converts using the Byzantine Rite.

In 1876, Overbeck issued an appeal to the various Holy Synods, traveling to Constantinople in 1879. There he met the Ecumenical Patriarch, who authorized him to deliver sermons and create apologetical material. In 1881, he had some success when the Ecumenical Patriarchate agreed that the West had a right to a Western church and rite.

However, his successes did not establish the Western Rite. Overbeck's marriage after his Catholic ordination was a canonical impediment to his ordination to the Orthodox priesthood; the Holy Synod of Greece vetoed his scheme amongst Orthodox Churches, pressuring Constantinople to retract its previous endorsement; the ''Orthodox Catholic Review'' ended its run; and by 1892, he admitted failure. Overbeck reposed in 1905.

One Western Rite parish briefly entered communion with the Orthodox Church in the Nineteenth Century. In 1890, a Swiss Old Catholic parish in Wisconsin pastored by Fr. Joseph Rene Vilatte approached Bp. Vladimir (Sokolovsky) about being received into Orthodoxy. Bishop Vladimir received them on May 9, 1891; however, Fr. Vilatte was consecrated to the episcopacy by hierarchs of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]] in India, among them Metropolitan [[Julius of Goa|Alvares Mar Yulios]] of Goa, on 29 May 1892. He eventually led his parish back into Old Catholicism.

===The Twentieth Century===
[[Image:Alexander_Turner.jpg|right|thumb|Former Antiochian Western Rite Vicar General Fr. Alexander Turner celebrating Mass.]]
:''Main article: [[Western Rite in the Twentieth Century]]''
In 1911, Arnold Harris Mathew, an Old Catholic bishop, entered into union with the Patriarchate of Antioch but left the Church soon after. In 1926, the six-parish ''Polish Catholic National Church'' was received into the Polish Orthodox Church. It celebrated the Liturgy of St. Gregory, and flourished as Orthodox until wiped out by the Nazis. [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html] [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-four.html]

St. Tikhon's involvement in the Western Rite has been more enduring. While he was bishop of the Russian mission in America, some Episcopalians were interested in the possibility of joining Orthodoxy while retaining some form of the Anglican liturgy. St. Tikhon sent the 1892 Book of Common Prayer to the Holy Synod, asking about the possibility. According to Fr. Edward Hughes, St. Raphael of Brooklyn composed the letter of inquiry. In 1904, the Holy Synod admitted its possibility, including edits for its use in an Orthodox manner. It concluded that such edits "can be carried out only on the spot, in America," and found it "desirable to send the 'Observations' themselves to the Right Rev. Tikhon, the American Bishop." Between communications, the Episcopalians who had petitioned withdrew. Thus, St. Tikhon could not receive any Episcopalians before returning to Russia in 1907. However, his involvement lay the groundwork for the reception and approved liturgy of some parishes in the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html] and later the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR)]].

There has been a significant [[Orthodox Church of France|Western Rite movement in France]], the largest remaining group thereof being the ''Union des Associations Cultuelles Orthodoxes de Rite Occidental'' (UACORO - the Union of Western Rite Orthodox Worship Associations).

====The United States====
The Antiochian Archdiocese has presided over the most stable and successful group of Western Rite parishes. The Archdiocese received the [[Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil]] in 1961. Upon reception, the SSB became the [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]], and their leader, [[Alexander Turner]], becoming an Orthodox priest and the Vicar-General of the Vicariate until 1971. At his repose, Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla became Vicar-General. On January 1, 2009, Fr. Schneirla retired, and Fr. Edward Hughes became Vicar-General of the Western Rite.

Besides the parishes that were in the former Society, other parishes have been received into the Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Archdiocese, especially because of the theological and practical devolution of the The Episcopal Church (TEC). Added to this, several Western Rite missions have been founded, some growing into full parish status.

The Church of Russia received a New York Old Catholic community in 1962 as Mount Royal Monastery, which later moved from Woodstock, New York, to St. Nicholas Cathedral in New York City under Archbishop John (Wendland) of the Russian Exarchate of North America. In 1975, this community was received by Archbishop Nikon (Rklitzsky) of ROCOR and was again relocated. In 1993, after the retirement of the Abbot, Dom Augustine (Whitfield) of Mount Royal, the prior of Mount Royal, Fr. James (Deschene) was blessed to found Christ the Saviour Monastery ("Christminster" colloquially) in Rhode Island, under Bishop [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion of Manhattan]] (since transferred). As of 2007, Christminster relocated to Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Its present abbot is Dom [[James (Deschene)|James Deschene]].

====Elsewhere====

Western Rite Orthodoxy, in [[Orthodoxy in Australasia|Australia and New Zealand]], has arisen mostly from Anglican and Continuing Anglican communities. Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion (Kapral) of Sydney]] of ROCOR received some communities under his omophor; while others have been received by Bishop [[Gibran (Ramlawey) of Australia and New Zealand|Gibran]] and Metropolitan Archbishop [[Paul (Saliba) of Australia and New Zealand|Paul]], both under the Church of Antioch.

Other small groups following the Western Rite have been received, but usually have either had little impact, or have declared their independence soon after their reception.

The [[Oriental Orthodox]] churches also have some Western Rite parishes. The Syrian patriarchate of Antioch consecrated Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvarez as Archbishop of Ceylon, Goa, and India in 1889, authorizing a Roman rite diocese under him; in 1891, the Syrians consecrated the aforementioned Joseph René Vilatte as archbishop for the American Old Catholics. Vilatte, however, returned to the Roman Catholic Church at the end of his life. Many independent churches now claim to be under his "succession".

==Liturgy in the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate==

North American Western Rite parishes in the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate generally follow one of two types of traditional Western liturgical traditions (and sometimes both). The majority celebrate the [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow]], which is commonly accepted to be an adaptation of the [[Eucharist|Communion]] service from the 1928 Anglican ''Book of Common Prayer'' and ''The Anglican Missal in the American Edition.''[http://members.cox.net/stgregoryoc/history.htm#fifteen] Until 1977, all Western Rite Vicariate parishes celebrated only the [[Liturgy of St. Gregory the Great]], which is a modified form of the [http://www.latin-mass-society.org/msshst.htm Tridentine Mass] (that is, the Mass as revised and authorized by the Roman Catholic Council of Trent). Many parishes within the Western Rite Vicariate continue to celebrate the Gregorian liturgy. Since most AWRV parishes celebrate more than one weekly liturgy, many of the parishes that celebrate the Liturgy of St. Tikhon on Sunday celebrate the Liturgy of St. Gregory on weekdays.

The Western Rite liturgy, depending on its type, makes less use of the litanies than the Byzantine Rite. Celebrants wear distinctive Western vestments, and the faithful follow pious devotional customs particular to their tradition, as well.

The development of the current use within the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] is of particular note:

:Metropolitan Antony was well aware that the Western Rite was "a work for specialists." The new Western Rite usage of the Archdiocese was to be guided by "a Commission of Orthodox Theologians," an advisory committee of qualified clerics or laymen to advise the Metropolitan and determine "the mode of reception of groups desiring to employ the Western Rite, and the character of the rites to be used, as well as the authorization of official liturgical texts." The first WRV Commission, convened by Metropolitan Antony in 1958, was composed of Fathers Paul Schneirla, Stephen Upson, [[Alexander Schmemann]] and [[John Meyendorff]]. Schneirla, Schmemann, and Meyendorff in particular had seen the Western Rite up close in France, as it had been approved in the Russian Ukase of 1936. Schneirla recalls Schmemann's work in particular as being key, as he was familiar with the Liturgical Movement within the Roman Catholic and Anglican communions. Schmemann was particularly instrumental in joining together the separate Rites of Initiation of the Rituale Romanum – Baptism, Confirmation and First Holy Communion – into one unified rite, according to the Orthodox understanding.

:In January of 1962, the official Western Rite Directory was issued, "establishing liturgical usages and customs and discipline," drawing on principles gleaned from the 1904 Moscow Synodal response to Saint Tikhon, the authorization of Western Rite offices by Metropolitan Gerassimos (Messarah) of Beirut, and the 1932 Russian Ukase of Metropolitan Sergius.[http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-eight.html]

Ironically, before his committed and pivotal involvement with the architecture of the current usage of the Western Rite, Fr. Schmemann had criticized it in a response to a 1958 article Fr. Schneirla wrote in ''The Word''.[http://www.schmemann.org/byhim/westernrite.html] However, after his criticisms, Fr. Schmemann worked to establish the Western Rite Vicariate and, later still, taught at the Western Rite seminary in Paris.

==Congregations==

By far the largest group of Western Orthodox parishes is represented by the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] of the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]]. Other Antiochian Western Rite parishes exist in the [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia and New Zealand]].
The [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] (ROCOR) also has a small number of Western Rite parishes in addition to three monasteries: one located in Canada, one in Tasmania, and one in Florida. Missions and parishes of the ROCOR Western Rite use either the Rite of St. Gregory in one of varying uses (Sarum, Christminster, Mount Royal, or Overbeck), the Gallican Rite, or "The English Liturgy," an English Use service based upon the Sarum Use but which adapts a few elements of the 1549 ''Book of Common Prayer''. Christminster Monastery in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, is a Western Orthodox [[Rule of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] monastery, which celebrates the Liturgy of St. Gregory. St. Petroc Monastery in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, celebrates the [[Sarum Use]]. St. Petroc has a number of dependencies that follow its liturgical usage, as found in the ''Saint Colman Prayer Book''.

Dom Augustine (Whitfield), the [[abbot]] of the Monastery of Mount Royal from 1963 until retirement, once remarked to St. [[John Maximovitch]] that it was difficult to promote Western Rite Orthodoxy, whereupon the saint replied: "Never, never, never let anyone tell you that, in order to be Orthodox, you must also be eastern. The West was Orthodox for a thousand years, and her venerable liturgy is far older than any of her heresies." [http://www.christminster.org/history.htm]
[[Image:Confeitor.jpg|left|thumb|Hieromonk Aidan (Keller, ROCOR) celebrating a Sarum liturgy.]]
In 2008, Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion]] of ROCOR [http://theyorkforum.yuku.com/sreply/12977/t/Western-Rite-Orthodox-News.html blessed] Hieromonk David (Pierce) to assist Dom Augustine Whitfield "in the continuation of the work of Mt. Royal" at Hieromonk David's monastery, Holyrood, in Florida. Hieromonk David utilizes the ordinary compiled by Mount Royal monastery, and is preparing for publication of the books of the Mount Royal use.

In late 2008, Metropolitan Hilarion received a hieromonk of the Milan Synod, Father Aidan (Keller), and blessed the publication of a new edition of his seminal work, ''Old Sarum Rite Missal'' for his personal prayers, while he serves a Byzantine parish in ROCOR. His liturgy had previously been blessed by the Western Archdiocese of the [[Milan Synod]].

Western rite communities can also be found which are not or, are no longer, in communion with the mainstream [[Orthodox Church]].

The [[Orthodox Church of France]] was once cared for by St. [[John Maximovitch]] and later by the [[Church of Romania]]—also uses a Western Rite liturgy based on ancient Gallican liturgical materials, with some Byzantine supplements. The Orthodox Church of France currently functions as an independent body, and is not in communion with the [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches|mainstream Orthodox Church]].

In addition, the [[Holy Synod of Milan]], an [[Old Calendarist]] Synod (and therefore not in communion with the [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches|mainstream Orthodox Church]]), has a number of communities (under the central direction of the monastery and Archdiocesan center, the [[The Abbey of the Holy Name (West Milford, New Jersey)|Abbey of the Holy Name]]) which worship according to Western rites, including its own version of the [[Sarum Use]]. This recension is different from the version of the Sarum Rite used within ROCOR before 2008.

==Criticism==
:''Main article: [[Western Rite Criticism]]''
The Western Rite in the Orthodox Church is not without its critics. Objections are made in regards to desire for liturgical uniformity within Orthodoxy and fears that the Western Rite would produce division within the Church. Some question the sincerity of Western Rite converts, just as some question the conversions of those within the Byzantine Rite. Finally, some complain about a lack of organic liturgical continuity, or will not attend a Western Rite [[Eucharist]]. However, no Orthodox parish may deny the Eucharist to visiting faithful of the canonical Western Rite, regardless of their feelings about the concept of Western Rite Orthodoxy. There have been no schisms within the episcopacy of the Orthodox Church regarding the issue of Western Rite parishes.

Whether the Western Rite will grow in its acceptance by Orthodox Christians who follow the Byzantine Rite remains to be seen. In the meantime, the Orthodox bishops who oversee Western Rite parishes—and many who oversee no Western Rite parishes—continue to declare their Western flocks to be true Orthodox Christians and regard them as fully in communion with the rest of the Church.

==See also==
* [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]]
* [[Sarum Rite]]
* [[Gallican Rite]]
* [[Stowe Missal]]
* [[Divine Liturgy according to St. Germanus of Paris]]
* [[Liturgy of St. Gregory the Great]]
* [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow]]
* [[Western Rite Service Books]]
* [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon (text)]]
* [[Saint Petroc Monastery (Cascades, Australia)|Saint Petroc Monastery]], Australia
* [[Christ the Savior Monastery (Providence, Rhode Island)|Christ the Savior Monastery]], Canada
* [[Vestments]]
* [http://www.stcolumbamonastery.org St. Columba of Iona Orthodox Monastery (USA, Massachusetts)]

==Sources==
* ''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 364-365, 514-515
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/western-rite Introduction to the Orthodox Western Rite]
* [[Wikipedia:Western Rite Orthodoxy]]

==External links==
* [http://orthodoxwesternrite.wordpress.com/ Orthodox Western Rite Central Resource on WordPress]
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/ Western Orthodoxy]
* [http://spot.colorado.edu/~ashtonm/owpp/westernrite.htm The Unofficial Western Rite Orthodoxy Website]
* [http://www.antiochian.org/western-rite Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]
* [http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/ Saint Petroc Monastery ROCOR Tasmania]
* [http://www.christminster.org Christ the Savior Monastery ROCOR Rhode Island]
* [http://www.occidentalorthodox.org.uk/ Worldwide directory of canonical Western Rite Orthodox communities]
* [http://www.stgregoryoc.org/links/western-rite-parish-directory/ Antiochian Western Rite Parishes] (North America, with links to parish sites)
* [http://www.rwrv.org/ Russian Western Rite Vicariate]

===Liturgies===
*[http://www.stgregoryoc.org/article/the-divine-liturgy-according-to-the-rite-of-saint-gregory/ Text of the Liturgy of Saint Gregory]
*[http://orthodoxanglican.net/downloads/tikhon.PDF Text of the Liturgy of Saint Tikhon], though not in its authorized form.
*[http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/sarum.htm Text of the Sarum Rite Liturgy] as corrected for use within [[ROCOR]] by His Grace Archbishop Hilarion
*[http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/english.htm Text of the English Liturgy]
*[http://orthodoxie.free.fr/the_divine_liturgy_of_saint_germanus.htm Text of the Divine Liturgy according to Saint Germanus of Paris]]
*[http://www.stmichaelwhittier.org/resources/osboff7.pdf Office and Prayers of the Oblates of St. Benedict] (PDF) - Western Rite oblates.
*[http://www.allmercifulsavior.com/Liturgy/Liturgics.html Liturgical Texts Project] (PDF) - Compilation of numerous liturgical texts.

===Books===
* ''[http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail.aspx?bookid=23809 Children of the Promise: An Introduction to Western Rite Orthodoxy]'', by Fr. Michael Keiser. ISBN 9781418475826
* ''[http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail~bookid~40659.aspx Offering the Lamb: Reflections on the Western Rite Mass in the Orthodox Church]'', by Fr. Michael Keiser. ISBN 9781425970819
* ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=s8nfEy1H8QcC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Liturgies of the Western Church]'', by Prof. Dr. Bard Thompson. ISBN 9780800614287
* ''[http://www.archive.org/details/MN41674ucmf_0 The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church]'', by Rev. J. M. Neale, 1855. ''(In Latin with some English notes)''

===Introduction and History===
* A Short History of the Western Rite Vicariate, by [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/ Benjamin Andersen]: [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/short-history-of-western-rite.html Part 1], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-two.html Part 2], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-three.html Part 3], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-four.html Part 4], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html Part 5], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-six.html Part 6], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-seven.html Part 7], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-eight.html Part 8], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-nine.html Part 9] (permission required)
* [http://www.occidentalorthodox.org.uk/ Occidental Orthodox Christianity] Dedicated to the furtherance of the Western Rite within canonical Orthodoxy.
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/wrbooklet An Introduction to Western Rite Orthodoxy], An electronic version of the now out-of-print Conciliar Press booklet; edited by Fr. Michael Trigg, Ph.D.
* [http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/ Orthodox Resurgence] Movement for Western Christians seeking reception in the Orthodox Western Rite.
* [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/pc/alcuin/tract12.html "Observations on the American Book of Common Prayer,"] the Holy Synod of Russia's guidelines for suiting the 1892 Book of Common Prayer for celebration within Orthodoxy.
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/turner The Western Rite: Its Fascinating Past and Its Promising Future], by Fr. [[Alexander Turner]]
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/overbeck.pdf The Western Rite and the Eastern Church: Dr. J. J. Overbeck and his scheme for the re-establishment of the Orthodox Church in the West (PDF)], by Fr. David F. Abramtsov, University of Pittsburgh, 1959
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/anthony On the Western Rite Edict of Metropolitan Anthony (Bashir)], by Fr. David Abramstov, in addition to an excerpt from the report of Metropolitan Anthony (Bashir) to the 1958 Archdiocesan Convention
*[http://www.christminster.org/write.htm Western Orthodox Christians: Who Are They?], from [[Christminster (Providence, Rhode Island)]], a Benedictine Monastery under [[ROCOR]]
*[http://www.christminster.org/history.htm History of Christminster]
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/whatis What is Western-Rite Orthodoxy?], by Fr. Patrick McCauley
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/twain The Twain Meet], by Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla
* [http://www.unicorne.org/orthodoxy/janfeb/westernrites.htm Western Rite Orthodox in our midst: Ad Fontes!], by Dr. Alexander Roman
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870973,00.html Eastern But Western], from the May 1, 1964, issue of [i]Time[/i] Magazine.

===Video===
*[http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/2009/01/video-fuller-christmas-eve-mass-with.html Video] of Dom James Deschene celebrating Midnight Mass for Christmas 2009 at the Oratory of our Lady of Glastonbury, the chapel attached to Christminster Monastery.
*[http://stpaulsorthodox.org/Media/SaintPaul.wmv Video] on the Western Rite from St. Paul Orthodox Church, Houston, Texas

===Apologiae===
* [http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/2006/03/message-from-metropolitan-western-rite.html Met. PHILIP (Saliba)'s Promise]: Western Rite churches will not be Byzantized.
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/basil Comments on the Western Rite] by Bishop [[Basil (Essey) of Wichita]]
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/Lux-Occidentalis Lux Occidentalis (PDF)] ''The Orthodox Western Rite and the Liturgical Tradition of Western Orthodox Christianity, with reference to The Orthodox Missal, Saint Luke's Priory Press, Stanton, NJ, 1995'' by the Rev'd John Charles Connely
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/greekdenver Doctrinal Issues: Western Rite Orthodoxy], from the ''Diocesan News for Clergy and Laity'' (February 1995), Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver
* [http://www.saintpeterorthodox.org/write.htm Western Rite Orthodoxy: Its history, its validity, and its opportunity], by Annette Milkovich, including an interview with Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla, constituting a rough Western Rite "FAQ"
* [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/ Occidentalis - A Weblog of Orthodox Catholic Christianity in the Western Rite tradition] (permission required)
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/sergius.html On the Question of Western Orthodoxy], by Patriarch [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow]] in a letter to [[Vladimir Lossky]]
*[http://http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/search/label/Anti-WR%20Criticism Dealing with Anti-WR Criticism], from the Western Orthodoxy blog.

===Criticism===
* [http://www.schmemann.org/byhim/westernrite.html The Western Rite], by Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]]
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/schmemann.html Notes and Comments on the "Western Rite"], ibid.
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/news-encyclical.html News: Bishop Anthony Issues Encyclical on "Western Rite"]
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/correspondence.html Correspondence on the Western Rite] between Bishop [[Anthony (Gergiannakis) of San Francisco]] and Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/ware.html Some Thoughts on the "Western Rite" In Orthodoxy], by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]]
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/tsichlis.html The Western Rite - Some Final Comments], by Fr. [[Steven Peter Tsichlis]]
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/johnson.html The "Western Rite": Is It Right for the Orthodox?], by Fr. Michael Johnson

===News and Views===
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20070222203921/http://homepage.mac.com/gthurman/iblog/C931234280/index.html Fr. Matthew Thurman's blog, Western Rite section] (archive) - consisting primarily of original documents written by Fr. Alexander Turner and other WRV clergy.
* [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com Occidentalis] - maintained by Subdn. Benjamin Andersen (WRV), this blog is a source for this OrthodoxWiki entry. (permission required)
* [http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com Western Orthodoxy] - Breaking news and views on the Western Rite.
* [http://sarisburium.blogspot.com Oremus - Roman Rite in the Orthodox Church]

===Listservs===
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/westernriteorthodoxy Western Rite Orthodoxy]: Discussion of Western Rite Orthodoxy, focusing the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] (Antiochian). Most active participants are members of the Antiochian WRV.
* [http://p097.ezboard.com/belyforum The Ely Forum]: "Dedicated to the theological and liturgical heritage of The Church in the British Isles, the ancient Patriarchates of the Undivided Church and the restoration of our genuine heritage of Orthodox Christianity in the West. A place of sane, sensible, lively, discussion between Christian gentlemen." Founded by Fr. Michael of St. Petroc Monastery (ROCOR).
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Occidentalis/ Occidentalis]: Yahoo discussion group on the Western rite; moderated by Father Aidan (Keller).
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Orthodoxwest/ Orthodoxwest]: Yahoo discussion group on Orthodoxy in the West and sponsored by the Eastern Archdiocese of the Milan Synod; moderated by Father Symeon (Bensimon-Kilmer).

[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Liturgics]]
[[Category:Western Rite]]

[[bg:Западен обряд]]
[[ro:Ritul occidental]]

Western Rite

2014-11-12T18:08:41Z

Basil: /* Liturgy in the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate */ remove "so-called" and scare quotes around "Tridentine"

The '''Western Rite''' is a minority liturgical tradition within the Orthodox Church. Western Rite Orthodox Christians hold the full Orthodox faith in common with their brethren of the [[Byzantine Rite]] but celebrate Western forms of liturgy. Liturgical diversity, both between and within the East and West, was common before the [[Great Schism]], yet not as diverse as like in today's time. At present, all of the [[bishop]]s who care for such [[parish]]es are themselves followers of the Byzantine Rite.
{{westernrite}}
==Modern History==
===The Nineteenth Century===
:''Main article: [[Western Rite in the Nineteenth Century]]''
In 1864, 44-year-old [[Joseph Julian Overbeck]] was [[chrismation|chrismated]] into the [[Orthodox Church]]. Overbeck was a former [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] priest from Germany who had left the priesthood after becoming disillusioned with papal supremacy. He became Lutheran and married before joining the Orthodox Church. In 1866, he published ''Catholic Orthodoxy and Anglo-Catholicism'', which contained the groundings for his work for the next twenty years. A year later, be began publishing a periodical, ''Orthodox Catholic Review'', aimed at putting forward Orthodoxy and rejecting Catholicism and Protestantism.

The year 1867 saw Overbeck, with 122 signatures from the Oxford Movement, petition the Church of Russia for the establishment of a Western Rite church in full communion with the Eastern Rite. A seven-member synodal commission was then formed, and invited Overbeck to attend. The idea was approved, and Overbeck set about submitting a draft of the proposed Western liturgy, which added an epiclesis and the Trisagion hymn to the Tridentine [[Mass]]. This rite was submitted in 1871, and was examined and approved by the commission. Overbeck focused his efforts on the Old Catholic movement, who had rejected Papal Infallibility. He continued to engage in polemics with Catholics, Anglicans, and Orthodox converts using the Byzantine Rite.

In 1876, Overbeck issued an appeal to the various Holy Synods, traveling to Constantinople in 1879. There he met the Ecumenical Patriarch, who authorized him to deliver sermons and create apologetical material. In 1881, he had some success when the Ecumenical Patriarchate agreed that the West had a right to a Western church and rite.

However, his successes did not establish the Western Rite. Overbeck's marriage after his Catholic ordination was a canonical impediment to his ordination to the Orthodox priesthood; the Holy Synod of Greece vetoed his scheme amongst Orthodox Churches, pressuring Constantinople to retract its previous endorsement; the ''Orthodox Catholic Review'' ended its run; and by 1892, he admitted failure. Overbeck reposed in 1905.

One Western Rite parish briefly entered communion with the Orthodox Church in the Nineteenth Century. In 1890, a Swiss Old Catholic parish in Wisconsin pastored by Fr. Joseph Rene Vilatte approached Bp. Vladimir (Sokolovsky) about being received into Orthodoxy. Bishop Vladimir received them on May 9, 1891; however, Fr. Vilatte was consecrated to the episcopacy by hierarchs of the [[Church of Antioch (Syriac)|Syriac Orthodox Church]] in India, among them Metropolitan [[Julius of Goa|Alvares Mar Yulios]] of Goa, on 29 May 1892. He eventually led his parish back into Old Catholicism.

===The Twentieth Century===
[[Image:Alexander_Turner.jpg|right|thumb|Former Antiochian Western Rite Vicar General Fr. Alexander Turner celebrating Mass.]]
:''Main article: [[Western Rite in the Twentieth Century]]''
In 1911, Arnold Harris Mathew, an Old Catholic bishop, entered into union with the Patriarchate of Antioch but left the Church soon after. In 1926, the six-parish ''Polish Catholic National Church'' was received into the Polish Orthodox Church. It celebrated the Liturgy of St. Gregory, and flourished as Orthodox until wiped out by the Nazis. [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html] [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-four.html]

St. Tikhon's involvement in the Western Rite has been more enduring. While he was bishop of the Russian mission in America, some Episcopalians were interested in the possibility of joining Orthodoxy while retaining some form of the Anglican liturgy. St. Tikhon sent the 1892 Book of Common Prayer to the Holy Synod, asking about the possibility. According to Fr. Edward Hughes, St. Raphael of Brooklyn composed the letter of inquiry. In 1904, the Holy Synod admitted its possibility, including edits for its use in an Orthodox manner. It concluded that such edits "can be carried out only on the spot, in America," and found it "desirable to send the 'Observations' themselves to the Right Rev. Tikhon, the American Bishop." Between communications, the Episcopalians who had petitioned withdrew. Thus, St. Tikhon could not receive any Episcopalians before returning to Russia in 1907. However, his involvement lay the groundwork for the reception and approved liturgy of some parishes in the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html] and later the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia|Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia (ROCOR)]].

There has been a significant [[Orthodox Church of France|Western Rite movement in France]], the largest remaining group thereof being the ''Union des Associations Cultuelles Orthodoxes de Rite Occidental'' (UACORO - the Union of Western Rite Orthodox Worship Associations).

====The United States====
The Antiochian Archdiocese has presided over the most stable and successful group of Western Rite parishes. The Archdiocese received the [[Society of Clerks Secular of St. Basil]] in 1961. Upon reception, the SSB became the [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]], and their leader, [[Alexander Turner]], becoming an Orthodox priest and the Vicar-General of the Vicariate until 1971. At his repose, Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla became Vicar-General. On January 1, 2009, Fr. Schneirla retired, and Fr. Edward Hughes became Vicar-General of the Western Rite.

Besides the parishes that were in the former Society, other parishes have been received into the Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Archdiocese, especially because of the theological and practical devolution of the The Episcopal Church (TEC). Added to this, several Western Rite missions have been founded, some growing into full parish status.

The Church of Russia received a New York Old Catholic community in 1962 as Mount Royal Monastery, which later moved from Woodstock, New York, to St. Nicholas Cathedral in New York City under Archbishop John (Wendland) of the Russian Exarchate of North America. In 1975, this community was received by Archbishop Nikon (Rklitzsky) of ROCOR and was again relocated. In 1993, after the retirement of the Abbot, Dom Augustine (Whitfield) of Mount Royal, the prior of Mount Royal, Fr. James (Deschene) was blessed to found Christ the Saviour Monastery ("Christminster" colloquially) in Rhode Island, under Bishop [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion of Manhattan]] (since transferred). As of 2007, Christminster relocated to Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Its present abbot is Dom [[James (Deschene)|James Deschene]].

====Elsewhere====

Western Rite Orthodoxy, in [[Orthodoxy in Australasia|Australia and New Zealand]], has arisen mostly from Anglican and Continuing Anglican communities. Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion (Kapral) of Sydney]] of ROCOR received some communities under his omophor; while others have been received by Bishop [[Gibran (Ramlawey) of Australia and New Zealand|Gibran]] and Metropolitan Archbishop [[Paul (Saliba) of Australia and New Zealand|Paul]], both under the Church of Antioch.

Other small groups following the Western Rite have been received, but usually have either had little impact, or have declared their independence soon after their reception.

The [[Oriental Orthodox]] churches also have some Western Rite parishes. The Syrian patriarchate of Antioch consecrated Antonio Francisco Xavier Alvarez as Archbishop of Ceylon, Goa, and India in 1889, authorizing a Roman rite diocese under him; in 1891, the Syrians consecrated the aforementioned Joseph René Vilatte as archbishop for the American Old Catholics. Vilatte, however, returned to the Roman Catholic Church at the end of his life. Many independent churches now claim to be under his "succession".

==Liturgy in the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate==

North American Western Rite parishes in the Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate generally follow one of two types of traditional Western liturgical traditions (and sometimes both). The majority celebrate the [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow]], which is commonly accepted to be an adaptation of the [[Eucharist|Communion]] service from the 1928 Anglican ''Book of Common Prayer'' and ''The Anglican Missal in the American Edition.''[http://members.cox.net/stgregoryoc/history.htm#fifteen] Until 1977, all Western Rite Vicariate parishes celebrated only the [[Liturgy of St. Gregory the Great]], which is a modified form of the [http://www.latin-mass-society.org/msshst.htm Tridentine Mass]. Many parishes within the Western Rite Vicariate continue to celebrate the Gregorian liturgy. Since most AWRV parishes celebrate more than one weekly liturgy, many of the parishes that celebrate the Liturgy of St. Tikhon on Sunday celebrate the Liturgy of St. Gregory on weekdays.

The Western Rite liturgy, depending on its type, makes less use of the litanies than the Byzantine Rite. Celebrants wear distinctive Western vestments, and the faithful follow pious devotional customs particular to their tradition, as well.

The development of the current use within the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] is of particular note:

:Metropolitan Antony was well aware that the Western Rite was "a work for specialists." The new Western Rite usage of the Archdiocese was to be guided by "a Commission of Orthodox Theologians," an advisory committee of qualified clerics or laymen to advise the Metropolitan and determine "the mode of reception of groups desiring to employ the Western Rite, and the character of the rites to be used, as well as the authorization of official liturgical texts." The first WRV Commission, convened by Metropolitan Antony in 1958, was composed of Fathers Paul Schneirla, Stephen Upson, [[Alexander Schmemann]] and [[John Meyendorff]]. Schneirla, Schmemann, and Meyendorff in particular had seen the Western Rite up close in France, as it had been approved in the Russian Ukase of 1936. Schneirla recalls Schmemann's work in particular as being key, as he was familiar with the Liturgical Movement within the Roman Catholic and Anglican communions. Schmemann was particularly instrumental in joining together the separate Rites of Initiation of the Rituale Romanum – Baptism, Confirmation and First Holy Communion – into one unified rite, according to the Orthodox understanding.

:In January of 1962, the official Western Rite Directory was issued, "establishing liturgical usages and customs and discipline," drawing on principles gleaned from the 1904 Moscow Synodal response to Saint Tikhon, the authorization of Western Rite offices by Metropolitan Gerassimos (Messarah) of Beirut, and the 1932 Russian Ukase of Metropolitan Sergius.[http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-eight.html]

Ironically, before his committed and pivotal involvement with the architecture of the current usage of the Western Rite, Fr. Schmemann had criticized it in a response to a 1958 article Fr. Schneirla wrote in ''The Word''.[http://www.schmemann.org/byhim/westernrite.html] However, after his criticisms, Fr. Schmemann worked to establish the Western Rite Vicariate and, later still, taught at the Western Rite seminary in Paris.

==Congregations==

By far the largest group of Western Orthodox parishes is represented by the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] of the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]]. Other Antiochian Western Rite parishes exist in the [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia and New Zealand]].
The [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] (ROCOR) also has a small number of Western Rite parishes in addition to three monasteries: one located in Canada, one in Tasmania, and one in Florida. Missions and parishes of the ROCOR Western Rite use either the Rite of St. Gregory in one of varying uses (Sarum, Christminster, Mount Royal, or Overbeck), the Gallican Rite, or "The English Liturgy," an English Use service based upon the Sarum Use but which adapts a few elements of the 1549 ''Book of Common Prayer''. Christminster Monastery in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, is a Western Orthodox [[Rule of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] monastery, which celebrates the Liturgy of St. Gregory. St. Petroc Monastery in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, celebrates the [[Sarum Use]]. St. Petroc has a number of dependencies that follow its liturgical usage, as found in the ''Saint Colman Prayer Book''.

Dom Augustine (Whitfield), the [[abbot]] of the Monastery of Mount Royal from 1963 until retirement, once remarked to St. [[John Maximovitch]] that it was difficult to promote Western Rite Orthodoxy, whereupon the saint replied: "Never, never, never let anyone tell you that, in order to be Orthodox, you must also be eastern. The West was Orthodox for a thousand years, and her venerable liturgy is far older than any of her heresies." [http://www.christminster.org/history.htm]
[[Image:Confeitor.jpg|left|thumb|Hieromonk Aidan (Keller, ROCOR) celebrating a Sarum liturgy.]]
In 2008, Metropolitan [[Hilarion (Kapral) of New York|Hilarion]] of ROCOR [http://theyorkforum.yuku.com/sreply/12977/t/Western-Rite-Orthodox-News.html blessed] Hieromonk David (Pierce) to assist Dom Augustine Whitfield "in the continuation of the work of Mt. Royal" at Hieromonk David's monastery, Holyrood, in Florida. Hieromonk David utilizes the ordinary compiled by Mount Royal monastery, and is preparing for publication of the books of the Mount Royal use.

In late 2008, Metropolitan Hilarion received a hieromonk of the Milan Synod, Father Aidan (Keller), and blessed the publication of a new edition of his seminal work, ''Old Sarum Rite Missal'' for his personal prayers, while he serves a Byzantine parish in ROCOR. His liturgy had previously been blessed by the Western Archdiocese of the [[Milan Synod]].

Western rite communities can also be found which are not or, are no longer, in communion with the mainstream [[Orthodox Church]].

The [[Orthodox Church of France]] was once cared for by St. [[John Maximovitch]] and later by the [[Church of Romania]]—also uses a Western Rite liturgy based on ancient Gallican liturgical materials, with some Byzantine supplements. The Orthodox Church of France currently functions as an independent body, and is not in communion with the [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches|mainstream Orthodox Church]].

In addition, the [[Holy Synod of Milan]], an [[Old Calendarist]] Synod (and therefore not in communion with the [[List of autocephalous and autonomous churches|mainstream Orthodox Church]]), has a number of communities (under the central direction of the monastery and Archdiocesan center, the [[The Abbey of the Holy Name (West Milford, New Jersey)|Abbey of the Holy Name]]) which worship according to Western rites, including its own version of the [[Sarum Use]]. This recension is different from the version of the Sarum Rite used within ROCOR before 2008.

==Criticism==
:''Main article: [[Western Rite Criticism]]''
The Western Rite in the Orthodox Church is not without its critics. Objections are made in regards to desire for liturgical uniformity within Orthodoxy and fears that the Western Rite would produce division within the Church. Some question the sincerity of Western Rite converts, just as some question the conversions of those within the Byzantine Rite. Finally, some complain about a lack of organic liturgical continuity, or will not attend a Western Rite [[Eucharist]]. However, no Orthodox parish may deny the Eucharist to visiting faithful of the canonical Western Rite, regardless of their feelings about the concept of Western Rite Orthodoxy. There have been no schisms within the episcopacy of the Orthodox Church regarding the issue of Western Rite parishes.

Whether the Western Rite will grow in its acceptance by Orthodox Christians who follow the Byzantine Rite remains to be seen. In the meantime, the Orthodox bishops who oversee Western Rite parishes—and many who oversee no Western Rite parishes—continue to declare their Western flocks to be true Orthodox Christians and regard them as fully in communion with the rest of the Church.

==See also==
* [[Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate]]
* [[Sarum Rite]]
* [[Gallican Rite]]
* [[Stowe Missal]]
* [[Divine Liturgy according to St. Germanus of Paris]]
* [[Liturgy of St. Gregory the Great]]
* [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon of Moscow]]
* [[Western Rite Service Books]]
* [[Liturgy of St. Tikhon (text)]]
* [[Saint Petroc Monastery (Cascades, Australia)|Saint Petroc Monastery]], Australia
* [[Christ the Savior Monastery (Providence, Rhode Island)|Christ the Savior Monastery]], Canada
* [[Vestments]]
* [http://www.stcolumbamonastery.org St. Columba of Iona Orthodox Monastery (USA, Massachusetts)]

==Sources==
* ''Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity'', pp. 364-365, 514-515
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/western-rite Introduction to the Orthodox Western Rite]
* [[Wikipedia:Western Rite Orthodoxy]]

==External links==
* [http://orthodoxwesternrite.wordpress.com/ Orthodox Western Rite Central Resource on WordPress]
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/ Western Orthodoxy]
* [http://spot.colorado.edu/~ashtonm/owpp/westernrite.htm The Unofficial Western Rite Orthodoxy Website]
* [http://www.antiochian.org/western-rite Western Rite Vicariate of the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America]
* [http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/ Saint Petroc Monastery ROCOR Tasmania]
* [http://www.christminster.org Christ the Savior Monastery ROCOR Rhode Island]
* [http://www.occidentalorthodox.org.uk/ Worldwide directory of canonical Western Rite Orthodox communities]
* [http://www.stgregoryoc.org/links/western-rite-parish-directory/ Antiochian Western Rite Parishes] (North America, with links to parish sites)
* [http://www.rwrv.org/ Russian Western Rite Vicariate]

===Liturgies===
*[http://www.stgregoryoc.org/article/the-divine-liturgy-according-to-the-rite-of-saint-gregory/ Text of the Liturgy of Saint Gregory]
*[http://orthodoxanglican.net/downloads/tikhon.PDF Text of the Liturgy of Saint Tikhon], though not in its authorized form.
*[http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/sarum.htm Text of the Sarum Rite Liturgy] as corrected for use within [[ROCOR]] by His Grace Archbishop Hilarion
*[http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/petroc/english.htm Text of the English Liturgy]
*[http://orthodoxie.free.fr/the_divine_liturgy_of_saint_germanus.htm Text of the Divine Liturgy according to Saint Germanus of Paris]]
*[http://www.stmichaelwhittier.org/resources/osboff7.pdf Office and Prayers of the Oblates of St. Benedict] (PDF) - Western Rite oblates.
*[http://www.allmercifulsavior.com/Liturgy/Liturgics.html Liturgical Texts Project] (PDF) - Compilation of numerous liturgical texts.

===Books===
* ''[http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail.aspx?bookid=23809 Children of the Promise: An Introduction to Western Rite Orthodoxy]'', by Fr. Michael Keiser. ISBN 9781418475826
* ''[http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail~bookid~40659.aspx Offering the Lamb: Reflections on the Western Rite Mass in the Orthodox Church]'', by Fr. Michael Keiser. ISBN 9781425970819
* ''[http://books.google.ca/books?id=s8nfEy1H8QcC&source=gbs_navlinks_s Liturgies of the Western Church]'', by Prof. Dr. Bard Thompson. ISBN 9780800614287
* ''[http://www.archive.org/details/MN41674ucmf_0 The Ancient Liturgies of the Gallican Church]'', by Rev. J. M. Neale, 1855. ''(In Latin with some English notes)''

===Introduction and History===
* A Short History of the Western Rite Vicariate, by [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/ Benjamin Andersen]: [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/short-history-of-western-rite.html Part 1], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-two.html Part 2], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-three.html Part 3], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-four.html Part 4], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-five.html Part 5], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-six.html Part 6], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-seven.html Part 7], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-eight.html Part 8], [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/2004/09/western-rite-history-part-nine.html Part 9] (permission required)
* [http://www.occidentalorthodox.org.uk/ Occidental Orthodox Christianity] Dedicated to the furtherance of the Western Rite within canonical Orthodoxy.
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/wrbooklet An Introduction to Western Rite Orthodoxy], An electronic version of the now out-of-print Conciliar Press booklet; edited by Fr. Michael Trigg, Ph.D.
* [http://www.orthodoxresurgence.com/ Orthodox Resurgence] Movement for Western Christians seeking reception in the Orthodox Western Rite.
* [http://justus.anglican.org/resources/pc/alcuin/tract12.html "Observations on the American Book of Common Prayer,"] the Holy Synod of Russia's guidelines for suiting the 1892 Book of Common Prayer for celebration within Orthodoxy.
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/turner The Western Rite: Its Fascinating Past and Its Promising Future], by Fr. [[Alexander Turner]]
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/overbeck.pdf The Western Rite and the Eastern Church: Dr. J. J. Overbeck and his scheme for the re-establishment of the Orthodox Church in the West (PDF)], by Fr. David F. Abramtsov, University of Pittsburgh, 1959
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/anthony On the Western Rite Edict of Metropolitan Anthony (Bashir)], by Fr. David Abramstov, in addition to an excerpt from the report of Metropolitan Anthony (Bashir) to the 1958 Archdiocesan Convention
*[http://www.christminster.org/write.htm Western Orthodox Christians: Who Are They?], from [[Christminster (Providence, Rhode Island)]], a Benedictine Monastery under [[ROCOR]]
*[http://www.christminster.org/history.htm History of Christminster]
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/whatis What is Western-Rite Orthodoxy?], by Fr. Patrick McCauley
*[http://www.westernorthodox.com/twain The Twain Meet], by Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla
* [http://www.unicorne.org/orthodoxy/janfeb/westernrites.htm Western Rite Orthodox in our midst: Ad Fontes!], by Dr. Alexander Roman
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,870973,00.html Eastern But Western], from the May 1, 1964, issue of [i]Time[/i] Magazine.

===Video===
*[http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/2009/01/video-fuller-christmas-eve-mass-with.html Video] of Dom James Deschene celebrating Midnight Mass for Christmas 2009 at the Oratory of our Lady of Glastonbury, the chapel attached to Christminster Monastery.
*[http://stpaulsorthodox.org/Media/SaintPaul.wmv Video] on the Western Rite from St. Paul Orthodox Church, Houston, Texas

===Apologiae===
* [http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/2006/03/message-from-metropolitan-western-rite.html Met. PHILIP (Saliba)'s Promise]: Western Rite churches will not be Byzantized.
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/basil Comments on the Western Rite] by Bishop [[Basil (Essey) of Wichita]]
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/Lux-Occidentalis Lux Occidentalis (PDF)] ''The Orthodox Western Rite and the Liturgical Tradition of Western Orthodox Christianity, with reference to The Orthodox Missal, Saint Luke's Priory Press, Stanton, NJ, 1995'' by the Rev'd John Charles Connely
* [http://www.westernorthodox.com/greekdenver Doctrinal Issues: Western Rite Orthodoxy], from the ''Diocesan News for Clergy and Laity'' (February 1995), Greek Orthodox Diocese of Denver
* [http://www.saintpeterorthodox.org/write.htm Western Rite Orthodoxy: Its history, its validity, and its opportunity], by Annette Milkovich, including an interview with Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla, constituting a rough Western Rite "FAQ"
* [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com/ Occidentalis - A Weblog of Orthodox Catholic Christianity in the Western Rite tradition] (permission required)
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/sergius.html On the Question of Western Orthodoxy], by Patriarch [[Sergius I (Stragorodsky) of Moscow]] in a letter to [[Vladimir Lossky]]
*[http://http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com/search/label/Anti-WR%20Criticism Dealing with Anti-WR Criticism], from the Western Orthodoxy blog.

===Criticism===
* [http://www.schmemann.org/byhim/westernrite.html The Western Rite], by Fr. [[Alexander Schmemann]]
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/schmemann.html Notes and Comments on the "Western Rite"], ibid.
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/news-encyclical.html News: Bishop Anthony Issues Encyclical on "Western Rite"]
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/correspondence.html Correspondence on the Western Rite] between Bishop [[Anthony (Gergiannakis) of San Francisco]] and Fr. Paul W.S. Schneirla
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/ware.html Some Thoughts on the "Western Rite" In Orthodoxy], by Bishop [[Kallistos (Ware) of Diokleia]]
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/tsichlis.html The Western Rite - Some Final Comments], by Fr. [[Steven Peter Tsichlis]]
* [http://www.holy-trinity.org/modern/western-rite/johnson.html The "Western Rite": Is It Right for the Orthodox?], by Fr. Michael Johnson

===News and Views===
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20070222203921/http://homepage.mac.com/gthurman/iblog/C931234280/index.html Fr. Matthew Thurman's blog, Western Rite section] (archive) - consisting primarily of original documents written by Fr. Alexander Turner and other WRV clergy.
* [http://occidentalis.blogspot.com Occidentalis] - maintained by Subdn. Benjamin Andersen (WRV), this blog is a source for this OrthodoxWiki entry. (permission required)
* [http://westernorthodox.blogspot.com Western Orthodoxy] - Breaking news and views on the Western Rite.
* [http://sarisburium.blogspot.com Oremus - Roman Rite in the Orthodox Church]

===Listservs===
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/westernriteorthodoxy Western Rite Orthodoxy]: Discussion of Western Rite Orthodoxy, focusing the [[Western Rite Vicariate]] (Antiochian). Most active participants are members of the Antiochian WRV.
* [http://p097.ezboard.com/belyforum The Ely Forum]: "Dedicated to the theological and liturgical heritage of The Church in the British Isles, the ancient Patriarchates of the Undivided Church and the restoration of our genuine heritage of Orthodox Christianity in the West. A place of sane, sensible, lively, discussion between Christian gentlemen." Founded by Fr. Michael of St. Petroc Monastery (ROCOR).
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Occidentalis/ Occidentalis]: Yahoo discussion group on the Western rite; moderated by Father Aidan (Keller).
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Orthodoxwest/ Orthodoxwest]: Yahoo discussion group on Orthodoxy in the West and sponsored by the Eastern Archdiocese of the Milan Synod; moderated by Father Symeon (Bensimon-Kilmer).

[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Jurisdictions]]
[[Category:Liturgics]]
[[Category:Western Rite]]

[[bg:Западен обряд]]
[[ro:Ritul occidental]]

Theophan the Recluse

2014-11-11T19:55:41Z

Basil:

Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Theophan the Recluse''' ({{lang-ru|Феофан Затворник}}; 1815 - 1894), also '''Theophanes''', was the [[bishop]] of Tambov in Russia. He was a prolific author, especially on the subjects of the Christian life and the training of youth in the faith. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[January 6]] or [[January 10|10]].

==Quotes==
* "Descend with your attention into the heart, stand there before the Lord and admit nothing sinful to enter there. In this is the entire activity of inner warfare."
* "Attention to that which transpires in the heart and proceeds from it - this is the chief activity of the proper Christian life."
* "God abandons no one. For Him all are children. None are stepchildren. And the hard occasions and situations - all is sent for our benefit."
* "You must kill egoism. If you don't kill it yourself, then the Lord, hammer-blow after hammer-blow, shall send various misfortunes, so as to crush this stone."
* "A Christian without zeal is a poor Christian."
* "Mercilessness to oneself, readiness to perform any favor to others and the surrender of oneself entirely to the Lord with a prayerful abiding in Him - these are the creators of the spiritual life."
* "Self-pleasing and self-pity testify that in the heart abides the ego, and not the Lord."
* "Divine determination depends on the life of a man, and not his life upon the determination."
* "It is a great error to think that you must undertake important and great labors, whether for heaven, or, as the "progressives" think, in order to make one's contribution to humanity. That is not necessary at all. It is necessary only to do everything in accordance with the Lord's commandments."
* "He who believes in God, but does not confess Him as the Father of the Son, does not believe in a god that is the true God, but in some personal invention."
* "Monasticism itself is a perpetual labor of conquering passions and uprooting them in order that, being in a pure and immaculate state, one may preserve oneself before the face of God. This, then, is your task! Give your attention to it, and direct all your powers towards it."

==See also==
*[[Philokalia]]

==External links==
*[http://home.iprimus.com.au/xenos/theophan.html St Theophan the Recluse] ([[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]]), from ''Orthodox Word'', July-August, 1966
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/bishop-theophan-the-recluse-on-prayer.html ''On Prayer''] by St. Theophan
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/prayer-rule-theophan-the-recluse.html ''A Prayer Rule''] by St. Theophan
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/anathema-bp-theophan.html''What is an Anathema?''] by St. Theophan
*[[wikipedia:Theophan the Recluse|''Theophan the Recluse'' at Wikipedia]]
*[http://www.izograph.com/theophan.htm An icon] of St. Theophan
{{stub}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Hesychasm]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Modern Saints]]
[[Category:19th-century saints]]

Theophan the Recluse

2014-11-11T19:55:21Z

Basil:

Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Theophan the Recluse''' ({{lang-ru|Феофан Затворник}}; 1815 - 1894), also '''Theophanes'''. was the [[bishop]] of Tambov in Russia. He was a prolific author, especially on the subjects of the Christian life and the training of youth in the faith. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[January 6]] or [[January 10|10]].

==Quotes==
* "Descend with your attention into the heart, stand there before the Lord and admit nothing sinful to enter there. In this is the entire activity of inner warfare."
* "Attention to that which transpires in the heart and proceeds from it - this is the chief activity of the proper Christian life."
* "God abandons no one. For Him all are children. None are stepchildren. And the hard occasions and situations - all is sent for our benefit."
* "You must kill egoism. If you don't kill it yourself, then the Lord, hammer-blow after hammer-blow, shall send various misfortunes, so as to crush this stone."
* "A Christian without zeal is a poor Christian."
* "Mercilessness to oneself, readiness to perform any favor to others and the surrender of oneself entirely to the Lord with a prayerful abiding in Him - these are the creators of the spiritual life."
* "Self-pleasing and self-pity testify that in the heart abides the ego, and not the Lord."
* "Divine determination depends on the life of a man, and not his life upon the determination."
* "It is a great error to think that you must undertake important and great labors, whether for heaven, or, as the "progressives" think, in order to make one's contribution to humanity. That is not necessary at all. It is necessary only to do everything in accordance with the Lord's commandments."
* "He who believes in God, but does not confess Him as the Father of the Son, does not believe in a god that is the true God, but in some personal invention."
* "Monasticism itself is a perpetual labor of conquering passions and uprooting them in order that, being in a pure and immaculate state, one may preserve oneself before the face of God. This, then, is your task! Give your attention to it, and direct all your powers towards it."

==See also==
*[[Philokalia]]

==External links==
*[http://home.iprimus.com.au/xenos/theophan.html St Theophan the Recluse] ([[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]]), from ''Orthodox Word'', July-August, 1966
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/bishop-theophan-the-recluse-on-prayer.html ''On Prayer''] by St. Theophan
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/prayer-rule-theophan-the-recluse.html ''A Prayer Rule''] by St. Theophan
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/anathema-bp-theophan.html''What is an Anathema?''] by St. Theophan
*[[wikipedia:Theophan the Recluse|''Theophan the Recluse'' at Wikipedia]]
*[http://www.izograph.com/theophan.htm An icon] of St. Theophan
{{stub}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Hesychasm]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Modern Saints]]
[[Category:19th-century saints]]

Theophan the Recluse

2014-11-11T19:54:52Z

Basil:

Our father among the [[saint]]s '''Theophan the Recluse''' ({{lang-ru|Феофан Затворник}}; 1815 - 1894) also '''Theophanes''' was the [[bishop]] of Tambov in Russia. He was a prolific author, especially on the subjects of the Christian life and the training of youth in the faith. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[January 6]] or [[January 10|10]].

==Quotes==
* "Descend with your attention into the heart, stand there before the Lord and admit nothing sinful to enter there. In this is the entire activity of inner warfare."
* "Attention to that which transpires in the heart and proceeds from it - this is the chief activity of the proper Christian life."
* "God abandons no one. For Him all are children. None are stepchildren. And the hard occasions and situations - all is sent for our benefit."
* "You must kill egoism. If you don't kill it yourself, then the Lord, hammer-blow after hammer-blow, shall send various misfortunes, so as to crush this stone."
* "A Christian without zeal is a poor Christian."
* "Mercilessness to oneself, readiness to perform any favor to others and the surrender of oneself entirely to the Lord with a prayerful abiding in Him - these are the creators of the spiritual life."
* "Self-pleasing and self-pity testify that in the heart abides the ego, and not the Lord."
* "Divine determination depends on the life of a man, and not his life upon the determination."
* "It is a great error to think that you must undertake important and great labors, whether for heaven, or, as the "progressives" think, in order to make one's contribution to humanity. That is not necessary at all. It is necessary only to do everything in accordance with the Lord's commandments."
* "He who believes in God, but does not confess Him as the Father of the Son, does not believe in a god that is the true God, but in some personal invention."
* "Monasticism itself is a perpetual labor of conquering passions and uprooting them in order that, being in a pure and immaculate state, one may preserve oneself before the face of God. This, then, is your task! Give your attention to it, and direct all your powers towards it."

==See also==
*[[Philokalia]]

==External links==
*[http://home.iprimus.com.au/xenos/theophan.html St Theophan the Recluse] ([[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia]]), from ''Orthodox Word'', July-August, 1966
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/bishop-theophan-the-recluse-on-prayer.html ''On Prayer''] by St. Theophan
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/prayer-rule-theophan-the-recluse.html ''A Prayer Rule''] by St. Theophan
*[http://www.orthodox.net/articles/anathema-bp-theophan.html''What is an Anathema?''] by St. Theophan
*[[wikipedia:Theophan the Recluse|''Theophan the Recluse'' at Wikipedia]]
*[http://www.izograph.com/theophan.htm An icon] of St. Theophan
{{stub}}

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:19th-century bishops]]
[[Category:Hesychasm]]
[[Category:Russian Saints]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Modern Saints]]
[[Category:19th-century saints]]

Eleutherius of Illyria

2014-10-04T19:35:53Z

Basil: Anglicizing name

[[Image:Eleutherios.JPG|frame|right|Hieromartyr Eleutherius bishop of Illyria]]
Our father among the [[saint]]s, [[Hieromartyr]] '''Eleutherius of Illyria''' (Greek ''Elevtherios''), was an early [[bishop]] of the Church who was [[martyr]]ed during the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. He is remembered with his mother, Martyr '''Anthia (Evanthia)''', on [[December 15]].

==Life==
Eleutherius was born in Rome in the latter years of the first century. His father was in the imperial service of the Roman Emperor, but his mother Anthia was a Christian. Anthia became a widow at an early age. She then sent her son to of Anicetus, the Bishop of Rome for his care. The bishop recognized the special spiritual gifts that the young boy possessed and [[ordination|ordained]] him a [[deacon]] at the age of 15, a [[priest]] at 18 and Bishop of Illyricum at 20.

During the reign of the Emperor Hadrian, Eleutherius was soon responsible for winning many converts to Christianity, which caused him to be branded as an "enemy of the state". The commander Felix was sent to arrest the youthful bishop and bring him back to Rome for trial. Instead, the heart of Felix was touched by the words of Eleutherius and he, too, became a Christian.

St. Eleutherius nonetheless returned to Rome, where he was arrested, tortured, and beheaded on [[December 15]] in the year 120 A.D., along with his new convert Felix. His blessed mother Anthia fearlessly came to grieve over the body of her martyred son, and she too suffered the same fate. These executions took place in 120 A.D.
==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] ([[Tone]] 5)
:Adorned with the robe of priest
:Stained with the streams of your blood,
:O wise and blessed Eleutherius, over-thrower of Satan
:You hastened to Christ your Master. Pray unceasingly for those who faithfully honor your contest!

[[Kontakion]] (Tone 2)
:We all praise and entreat you, O Hieromartyr Eleutherius,
:Adornment of priests and encouragement of martyrs:
:Free from danger those who lovingly celebrate your memory,
:And pray unceasingly for us all!

==External links==
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=337 Eleutherios the Holy Martyr, Bishop Illyria and his mother Anthia] - [[GOARCH]] website
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103548 Hieromartyr Eleutherius the Bishop of Illyria, and His Mother] - [[OCA]] website

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:2nd-century bishops]]
[[Category: Martyrs]]
[[Category: Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:2nd-century saints]]

[[el:Ελευθέριος ιερομάρτυρας]]
[[ro:Elefterie al Iliriei]]

Eleutherius of Illyria

2014-10-04T19:34:42Z

Basil: Anglicizing names; smoothing awkward constructions.

[[Image:Eleutherios.JPG|frame|right|Hieromartyr Eleutherios bishop of Illyria]]
Our father among the [[saint]]s, [[Hieromartyr]] '''Eleutherius of Illyria''' (Greek ''Elevtherios''), was an early [[bishop]] of the Church who was [[martyr]]ed during the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. He is remembered with his mother, Martyr '''Anthia (Evanthia)''', on [[December 15]].

==Life==
Eleutherius was born in Rome in the latter years of the first century. His father was in the imperial service of the Roman Emperor, but his mother Anthia was a Christian. Anthia became a widow at an early age. She then sent her son to of Anicetus, the Bishop of Rome for his care. The bishop recognized the special spiritual gifts that the young boy possessed and [[ordination|ordained]] him a [[deacon]] at the age of 15, a [[priest]] at 18 and Bishop of Illyricum at 20.

During the reign of the Emperor Hadrian, Eleutherius was soon responsible for winning many converts to Christianity, which caused him to be branded as an "enemy of the state". The commander Felix was sent to arrest the youthful bishop and bring him back to Rome for trial. Instead, the heart of Felix was touched by the words of Eleutherius and he, too, became a Christian.

St. Eleutherius nonetheless returned to Rome, where he was arrested, tortured, and beheaded on [[December 15]] in the year 120 A.D., along with his new convert Felix. His blessed mother Anthia fearlessly came to grieve over the body of her martyred son, and she too suffered the same fate. These executions took place in 120 A.D.
==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] ([[Tone]] 5)
:Adorned with the robe of priest
:Stained with the streams of your blood,
:O wise and blessed Eleutherius, over-thrower of Satan
:You hastened to Christ your Master. Pray unceasingly for those who faithfully honor your contest!

[[Kontakion]] (Tone 2)
:We all praise and entreat you, O Hieromartyr Eleutherius,
:Adornment of priests and encouragement of martyrs:
:Free from danger those who lovingly celebrate your memory,
:And pray unceasingly for us all!

==External links==
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=337 Eleutherios the Holy Martyr, Bishop Illyria and his mother Anthia] - [[GOARCH]] website
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103548 Hieromartyr Eleutherius the Bishop of Illyria, and His Mother] - [[OCA]] website

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:2nd-century bishops]]
[[Category: Martyrs]]
[[Category: Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:2nd-century saints]]

[[el:Ελευθέριος ιερομάρτυρας]]
[[ro:Elefterie al Iliriei]]

Eleutherius of Illyria

2014-10-04T19:30:48Z

Basil: moved Eleutherios of Illyria to Eleutherius of Illyria: Anglicized named. OCA.org, Antiochian.org, and NewAdvent.org all have the Anglo-Latinate spelling of St Eleutherius' name.

[[Image:Eleutherios.JPG|frame|right|Hieromartyr Eleutherios bishop of Illyria]]
Our father among the [[saint]]s, [[Hieromartyr]] '''Eleutherios of Illyria''', was an early [[bishop]] of the Church who was [[martyr]]ed during the reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. He is remembered with his mother, Martyr '''Anthia (Evanthia)''', on [[December 15]].

==Life==
Eleutherios was born in Rome in the latter years of the first century. His father was in the imperial service of the Roman Emperor, but his mother Anthia was a Christian. Anthia became a widow at an early age. She then sent her son to of Anicetus, the Bishop of Rome for his care. The bishop recognized the special spiritual gifts that the young boy possessed and [[ordination|ordained]] him a [[deacon]] at the age of 15, a [[priest]] at 18 and Bishop of Illyricum at 20.

During the reign of the Emperor Hadrian, Eleutherios was soon responsible for winning many converts to Christianity, which caused him to be branded as an "enemy of the state". The commander Felix was sent to arrest the youthful bishop and bring him back to Rome for trial. Instead, the heart of Felix was touched by the words of Eleutherios and he, too, became a Christian.

The Eleutherios nonetheless returned to Rome, where he was arrested, tortured, and beheaded on [[December 15]] in the year 120 A.D., along with his new convert Felix. His blessed mother Anthia fearlessly came to grieve over the body of her martyred son, and she too suffered the same fate. These executions took place in 120 A.D.
==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] ([[Tone]] 5)
:Adorned with the robe of priest
:Stained with the streams of your blood,
:O wise and blessed Eleutherius, over-thrower of Satan
:You hastened to Christ your Master. Pray unceasingly for those who faithfully honor your contest!

[[Kontakion]] (Tone 2)
:We all praise and entreat you, O Hieromartyr Eleutherius,
:Adornment of priests and encouragement of martyrs:
:Free from danger those who lovingly celebrate your memory,
:And pray unceasingly for us all!

==External links==
*[http://www.goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=337 Eleutherios the Holy Martyr, Bishop Illyria and his mother Anthia] - [[GOARCH]] website
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=103548 Hieromartyr Eleutherius the Bishop of Illyria, and His Mother] - [[OCA]] website

[[Category: Bishops]]
[[Category:2nd-century bishops]]
[[Category: Martyrs]]
[[Category: Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:2nd-century saints]]

[[el:Ελευθέριος ιερομάρτυρας]]
[[ro:Elefterie al Iliriei]]

Eleutherios of Illyria

2014-10-04T19:30:48Z

Basil: moved Eleutherios of Illyria to Eleutherius of Illyria: Anglicized named. OCA.org, Antiochian.org, and NewAdvent.org all have the Anglo-Latinate spelling of St Eleutherius' name.

#REDIRECT [[Eleutherius of Illyria]]

Dionysius the Areopagite

2014-09-29T01:19:44Z

Basil: /* Works */

[[Image:Dionysius the Areopagite.jpg|right|frame|St. Dionysius the Areopagite]]
The holy, glorious and right-victorious [[Hieromartyr]] '''Dionysius the Areopagite''' (also '''Dionysios''' or '''Denys''') was [[baptism|baptized]] by [[Saint]] [[Apostle_Paul|Paul]] in Athens and is numbered among the Seventy [[Apostles]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[October 3]].

==Life==
Prior to his baptism, Dionysius grew up in a notable family in Athens, attended philosophical school at home and abroad, was married and had several children, and was a member of the highest court in Greece, the Areopagus. After his [[conversion]] to the True Faith, St. Paul made him [[Bishop]] of Athens. Eventually he left his wife and children for [[Christ]] and went with St. Paul in [[missionary]] travel. He travelled to Jerusalem specifically to see the Most Holy [[Theotokos]] and writes of his encounter in one of his books. He was also present at her [[Dormition]].

Seeing St. Paul [[martyr]]ed in Rome, St. Dionysius desired to be a martyr as well. He went to Gaul, along with his [[presbyter]] Rusticus and the [[deacon]] Eleutherius, to preach the [[Gospel]] to the barbarians. There his suffering was equalled only by his success in [[conversion|converting]] many pagans to Christianity.

In the year 96, St. Dionysius was seized and tortured for Christ, along with Rusticus and Eleutherius, and all three were beheaded under the reign of the Emperor Domitian. St. Dionysius' head rolled a rather long way until it came to the feet of Catula, a Christian. She honorably buried it along with his body.

==Works==
Four theological works are attributed to Dionysius: ''The Divine Names'', ''The Mystical Theology'', ''The Celestial Hierarchy'', and ''The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy'', as well as eleven letters. While there were occasional questions raised regarding the true authorship of the Dionysian writings in the Middle Ages, it is Hugo Koch and Josef Stiglmayer's works (1895)<ref>"Proklus als Quelle des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre von Bösen," by Hugo Koch, ''Philologus'' 54 (1895) 438-54; ''Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum Neuplatonismu und Mysterienweses'' by Hugo Koch (Mainz: 1900); and "Der Neuplatoniker Proklos als Vorlage des sog. Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Übel," by Josef Stiglmayr, ''Historisches Jahrbuch'' 16 (1895) 253-73 and 721-48. See also Stiglmayr's "Das Aufkommen der Ps.-Dionysischen Schriften und ihr Eindrungen in die christliche Literatur bis zum Lateranconcil 649. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Dionysius Frage," ''IV Jahresbericht des offentlichen Privatgymnasiums an der Stelle matutina zu Feldkirch'' (Feldkirch: 1895)</ref> that definitively laid to rest the idea of tracing the texts back to the apostolic age. The scholarly consensus now identifies the corpus as the work of a fifth-century Syrian student of the pagan Neoplatonist Proclus.<ref>For more, see, for instance, [[Andrew Louth]], ''Denys the Areopagite'' (ISBN 082645772X), as well as [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], "The Odyssey of Dionysian Spirituality" in ''Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works'' (ISBN 0809128381)</ref> In his introduction to ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'', Orthodox Bishop [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]] of Toledo writes that it is "now recognized as indefensible" that the author of the Dionysian writings could be the first century disciple of St Paul.<ref>(Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications, 2013) xxv.</ref> "The first clearly datable reference to the Dionysian corpus comes to us from …532…."<ref>Ibid., xix.</ref>

Pseudo-Dionysius is recognized to be "employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=221352184 Wikipedia: Dionysius the Areopagite]; cf. also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=220002373 Wikipedia: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]</ref> Some recent Orthodox scholars (such as Frs. Georges Florovsky and John Meyendorff) have been mildly critical of the influence of the Dionysian corpus,<ref>Golitzin, xxvii.</ref> but recent defenders include Bp. (then-Igumen) [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander]], mentioned above, who sees it as a fully Christian liturgical theology,<ref>Ibid., ''passim''. ''Mystagogy'' is a reworking and revision of Bp Alexander's earlier book ''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita.'' (Thessalonika: George Dedousis Publishing Co., 1994.)</ref> and [[Vladimir Lossky]], who sees the Dionysian interpretation of the unknowability of God as fundamental to any Christian thought and as setting the stage for the work of St. [[Gregory Palamas]].<ref>''The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church''. (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 1997) ''passim''.</ref> However controversial the texts in recent years<ref>The Reformers were quite antagonistic, and their successors have continued to be. (Golitzin, xxii.)</ref>, their theology was incorporated into the mainstream of Orthodox theology through its adoption by St. [[Maximus the Confessor]] and St. [[John of Damascus]], who quotes Dionysius' ''Letter to Titus'' in his work ''On the Divine Images'', a defense of [[icon]]s during the [[iconoclast|iconoclastic controversies]].

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Having learned goodness and maintaining continence in all things,
:you were arrayed with a good conscience as befits a priest.
:From the chosen Vessel you drew ineffable mysteries;
:you kept the faith, and finished a course equal to His.
:Bishop martyr Dionysius, entreat Christ God that our souls may be saved.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:As a disciple of the apostle caught up to the third heaven,
:you spiritually entered the gate of heaven, Dionysius.
:You were enriched with understanding of ineffable mysteries
:and enlightened those who sat in the darkness of ignorance.
:Therefore we cry to you: Rejoice, universal Father!

==References==
<references />

==Source==
*St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], ''The [[Prologue of Ohrid]]''

==External links==
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=227 Dionysios the Areopagite] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102843 Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.ccel.org/d/dionysius Dionysius, the Pseudo-Areopagite (b. c. 500): Mystical theologian] at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=117&SID=3 Dionysius the Areopagite] Q & A (OCA)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens|Dionysius I (52-96)]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:Greek Saints]]
[[Category:Seventy Apostles]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]

[[ro:Dionisie Areopagitul]]

Dionysius the Areopagite

2014-09-29T01:15:40Z

Basil: /* Works */ footnote substantiation of "However controversial": The main controversy comes from the Reformers dislike of St Dionysius.

[[Image:Dionysius the Areopagite.jpg|right|frame|St. Dionysius the Areopagite]]
The holy, glorious and right-victorious [[Hieromartyr]] '''Dionysius the Areopagite''' (also '''Dionysios''' or '''Denys''') was [[baptism|baptized]] by [[Saint]] [[Apostle_Paul|Paul]] in Athens and is numbered among the Seventy [[Apostles]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[October 3]].

==Life==
Prior to his baptism, Dionysius grew up in a notable family in Athens, attended philosophical school at home and abroad, was married and had several children, and was a member of the highest court in Greece, the Areopagus. After his [[conversion]] to the True Faith, St. Paul made him [[Bishop]] of Athens. Eventually he left his wife and children for [[Christ]] and went with St. Paul in [[missionary]] travel. He travelled to Jerusalem specifically to see the Most Holy [[Theotokos]] and writes of his encounter in one of his books. He was also present at her [[Dormition]].

Seeing St. Paul [[martyr]]ed in Rome, St. Dionysius desired to be a martyr as well. He went to Gaul, along with his [[presbyter]] Rusticus and the [[deacon]] Eleutherius, to preach the [[Gospel]] to the barbarians. There his suffering was equalled only by his success in [[conversion|converting]] many pagans to Christianity.

In the year 96, St. Dionysius was seized and tortured for Christ, along with Rusticus and Eleutherius, and all three were beheaded under the reign of the Emperor Domitian. St. Dionysius' head rolled a rather long way until it came to the feet of Catula, a Christian. She honorably buried it along with his body.

==Works==
Four theological works are attributed to Dionysius: ''The Divine Names'', ''The Mystical Theology'', ''The Celestial Hierarchy'', and ''The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy'', as well as eleven letters. While there were occasional questions raised regarding the true authorship of the Dionysian writings in the Middle Ages, it is Hugo Koch and Josef Stiglmayer's works (1895)<ref>"Proklus als Quelle des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre von Bösen," by Hugo Koch, ''Philologus'' 54 (1895) 438-54; ''Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum Neuplatonismu und Mysterienweses'' by Hugo Koch (Mainz: 1900); and "Der Neuplatoniker Proklos als Vorlage des sog. Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Übel," by Josef Stiglmayr, ''Historisches Jahrbuch'' 16 (1895) 253-73 and 721-48. See also Stiglmayr's "Das Aufkommen der Ps.-Dionysischen Schriften und ihr Eindrungen in die christliche Literatur bis zum Lateranconcil 649. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Dionysius Frage," ''IV Jahresbericht des offentlichen Privatgymnasiums an der Stelle matutina zu Feldkirch'' (Feldkirch: 1895)</ref> that definitively laid to rest the idea of tracing the texts back to the apostolic age. The scholarly consensus now identifies the corpus as the work of a fifth-century Syrian student of the pagan Neoplatonist Proclus.<ref>For more, see, for instance, [[Andrew Louth]], ''Denys the Areopagite'' (ISBN 082645772X), as well as [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], "The Odyssey of Dionysian Spirituality" in ''Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works'' (ISBN 0809128381)</ref> In his introduction to ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'', Orthodox Bishop [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]] of Toledo writes that it is "now recognized as indefensible" that the author of the Dionysian writings could be the first century disciple of St Paul.<ref>(Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications, 2013) xxv.</ref> "The first clearly datable reference to the Dionysian corpus comes to us from …532…."<ref>Ibid., xix.</ref>

Pseudo-Dionysius is recognized to be "employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=221352184 Wikipedia: Dionysius the Areopagite]; cf. also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=220002373 Wikipedia: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]</ref> Some recent Orthodox scholars (such as Frs. Georges Florovsky and John Meyendorff) have been mildly critical of the influence of the Dionysian corpus,<ref>Golitzin, xxvii.</ref> but recent defenders include Bp. (then-Igumen) [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander]], mentioned above, who sees it as a fully Christian liturgical theology,<ref>''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita'' [Thessalonika, 1994]</ref> and [[Vladimir Lossky]], who sees the Dionysian interpretation of the unknowability of God as fundamental to any Christian thought and as setting the stage for the work of St. [[Gregory Palamas]].<ref>''The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church''. (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 1997) ''passim''.</ref> However controversial the texts in recent years<ref>The Reformers were quite antagonistic, and their successors have continued to be. (Golitzin, xxii.)</ref>, their theology was incorporated into the mainstream of Orthodox theology through its adoption by St. [[Maximus the Confessor]] and St. [[John of Damascus]], who quotes Dionysius' ''Letter to Titus'' in his work ''On the Divine Images'', a defense of [[icon]]s during the [[iconoclast|iconoclastic controversies]].

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Having learned goodness and maintaining continence in all things,
:you were arrayed with a good conscience as befits a priest.
:From the chosen Vessel you drew ineffable mysteries;
:you kept the faith, and finished a course equal to His.
:Bishop martyr Dionysius, entreat Christ God that our souls may be saved.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:As a disciple of the apostle caught up to the third heaven,
:you spiritually entered the gate of heaven, Dionysius.
:You were enriched with understanding of ineffable mysteries
:and enlightened those who sat in the darkness of ignorance.
:Therefore we cry to you: Rejoice, universal Father!

==References==
<references />

==Source==
*St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], ''The [[Prologue of Ohrid]]''

==External links==
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=227 Dionysios the Areopagite] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102843 Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.ccel.org/d/dionysius Dionysius, the Pseudo-Areopagite (b. c. 500): Mystical theologian] at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=117&SID=3 Dionysius the Areopagite] Q & A (OCA)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens|Dionysius I (52-96)]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:Greek Saints]]
[[Category:Seventy Apostles]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]

[[ro:Dionisie Areopagitul]]

Dionysius the Areopagite

2014-09-29T01:12:09Z

Basil: /* Works */ missing preposition

[[Image:Dionysius the Areopagite.jpg|right|frame|St. Dionysius the Areopagite]]
The holy, glorious and right-victorious [[Hieromartyr]] '''Dionysius the Areopagite''' (also '''Dionysios''' or '''Denys''') was [[baptism|baptized]] by [[Saint]] [[Apostle_Paul|Paul]] in Athens and is numbered among the Seventy [[Apostles]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[October 3]].

==Life==
Prior to his baptism, Dionysius grew up in a notable family in Athens, attended philosophical school at home and abroad, was married and had several children, and was a member of the highest court in Greece, the Areopagus. After his [[conversion]] to the True Faith, St. Paul made him [[Bishop]] of Athens. Eventually he left his wife and children for [[Christ]] and went with St. Paul in [[missionary]] travel. He travelled to Jerusalem specifically to see the Most Holy [[Theotokos]] and writes of his encounter in one of his books. He was also present at her [[Dormition]].

Seeing St. Paul [[martyr]]ed in Rome, St. Dionysius desired to be a martyr as well. He went to Gaul, along with his [[presbyter]] Rusticus and the [[deacon]] Eleutherius, to preach the [[Gospel]] to the barbarians. There his suffering was equalled only by his success in [[conversion|converting]] many pagans to Christianity.

In the year 96, St. Dionysius was seized and tortured for Christ, along with Rusticus and Eleutherius, and all three were beheaded under the reign of the Emperor Domitian. St. Dionysius' head rolled a rather long way until it came to the feet of Catula, a Christian. She honorably buried it along with his body.

==Works==
Four theological works are attributed to Dionysius: ''The Divine Names'', ''The Mystical Theology'', ''The Celestial Hierarchy'', and ''The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy'', as well as eleven letters. While there were occasional questions raised regarding the true authorship of the Dionysian writings in the Middle Ages, it is Hugo Koch and Josef Stiglmayer's works (1895)<ref>"Proklus als Quelle des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre von Bösen," by Hugo Koch, ''Philologus'' 54 (1895) 438-54; ''Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum Neuplatonismu und Mysterienweses'' by Hugo Koch (Mainz: 1900); and "Der Neuplatoniker Proklos als Vorlage des sog. Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Übel," by Josef Stiglmayr, ''Historisches Jahrbuch'' 16 (1895) 253-73 and 721-48. See also Stiglmayr's "Das Aufkommen der Ps.-Dionysischen Schriften und ihr Eindrungen in die christliche Literatur bis zum Lateranconcil 649. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Dionysius Frage," ''IV Jahresbericht des offentlichen Privatgymnasiums an der Stelle matutina zu Feldkirch'' (Feldkirch: 1895)</ref> that definitively laid to rest the idea of tracing the texts back to the apostolic age. The scholarly consensus now identifies the corpus as the work of a fifth-century Syrian student of the pagan Neoplatonist Proclus.<ref>For more, see, for instance, [[Andrew Louth]], ''Denys the Areopagite'' (ISBN 082645772X), as well as [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], "The Odyssey of Dionysian Spirituality" in ''Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works'' (ISBN 0809128381)</ref> In his introduction to ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'', Orthodox Bishop [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]] of Toledo writes that it is "now recognized as indefensible" that the author of the Dionysian writings could be the first century disciple of St Paul.<ref>(Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications, 2013) xxv.</ref> "The first clearly datable reference to the Dionysian corpus comes to us from …532…."<ref>Ibid., xix.</ref>

Pseudo-Dionysius is recognized to be "employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=221352184 Wikipedia: Dionysius the Areopagite]; cf. also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=220002373 Wikipedia: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]</ref> Some recent Orthodox scholars (such as Frs. Georges Florovsky and John Meyendorff) have been mildly critical of the influence of the Dionysian corpus,<ref>Golitzin, xxvii.</ref> but recent defenders include Bp. (then-Igumen) [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander]], mentioned above, who sees it as a fully Christian liturgical theology,<ref>''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita'' [Thessalonika, 1994]</ref> and [[Vladimir Lossky]], who sees the Dionysian interpretation of the unknowability of God as fundamental to any Christian thought and as setting the stage for the work of St. [[Gregory Palamas]].<ref>''The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church''. (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 1997) ''passim''.</ref> However controversial the texts, their theology was incorporated into the mainstream of Orthodox theology through its adoption by St. [[Maximus the Confessor]] and St. [[John of Damascus]], who quotes Dionysius' ''Letter to Titus'' in his work ''On the Divine Images'', a defense of [[icon]]s during the [[iconoclast|iconoclastic controversies]].

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Having learned goodness and maintaining continence in all things,
:you were arrayed with a good conscience as befits a priest.
:From the chosen Vessel you drew ineffable mysteries;
:you kept the faith, and finished a course equal to His.
:Bishop martyr Dionysius, entreat Christ God that our souls may be saved.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:As a disciple of the apostle caught up to the third heaven,
:you spiritually entered the gate of heaven, Dionysius.
:You were enriched with understanding of ineffable mysteries
:and enlightened those who sat in the darkness of ignorance.
:Therefore we cry to you: Rejoice, universal Father!

==References==
<references />

==Source==
*St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], ''The [[Prologue of Ohrid]]''

==External links==
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=227 Dionysios the Areopagite] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102843 Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.ccel.org/d/dionysius Dionysius, the Pseudo-Areopagite (b. c. 500): Mystical theologian] at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=117&SID=3 Dionysius the Areopagite] Q & A (OCA)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens|Dionysius I (52-96)]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:Greek Saints]]
[[Category:Seventy Apostles]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]

[[ro:Dionisie Areopagitul]]

Dionysius the Areopagite

2014-09-29T01:10:52Z

Basil: /* Works */ forgot conjunction

[[Image:Dionysius the Areopagite.jpg|right|frame|St. Dionysius the Areopagite]]
The holy, glorious and right-victorious [[Hieromartyr]] '''Dionysius the Areopagite''' (also '''Dionysios''' or '''Denys''') was [[baptism|baptized]] by [[Saint]] [[Apostle_Paul|Paul]] in Athens and is numbered among the Seventy [[Apostles]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[October 3]].

==Life==
Prior to his baptism, Dionysius grew up in a notable family in Athens, attended philosophical school at home and abroad, was married and had several children, and was a member of the highest court in Greece, the Areopagus. After his [[conversion]] to the True Faith, St. Paul made him [[Bishop]] of Athens. Eventually he left his wife and children for [[Christ]] and went with St. Paul in [[missionary]] travel. He travelled to Jerusalem specifically to see the Most Holy [[Theotokos]] and writes of his encounter in one of his books. He was also present at her [[Dormition]].

Seeing St. Paul [[martyr]]ed in Rome, St. Dionysius desired to be a martyr as well. He went to Gaul, along with his [[presbyter]] Rusticus and the [[deacon]] Eleutherius, to preach the [[Gospel]] to the barbarians. There his suffering was equalled only by his success in [[conversion|converting]] many pagans to Christianity.

In the year 96, St. Dionysius was seized and tortured for Christ, along with Rusticus and Eleutherius, and all three were beheaded under the reign of the Emperor Domitian. St. Dionysius' head rolled a rather long way until it came to the feet of Catula, a Christian. She honorably buried it along with his body.

==Works==
Four theological works are attributed to Dionysius: ''The Divine Names'', ''The Mystical Theology'', ''The Celestial Hierarchy'', and ''The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy'', as well as eleven letters. While there were occasional questions raised regarding the true authorship of the Dionysian writings in the Middle Ages, it is Hugo Koch and Josef Stiglmayer's works (1895)<ref>"Proklus als Quelle des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre von Bösen," by Hugo Koch, ''Philologus'' 54 (1895) 438-54; ''Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum Neuplatonismu und Mysterienweses'' by Hugo Koch (Mainz: 1900); and "Der Neuplatoniker Proklos als Vorlage des sog. Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Übel," by Josef Stiglmayr, ''Historisches Jahrbuch'' 16 (1895) 253-73 and 721-48. See also Stiglmayr's "Das Aufkommen der Ps.-Dionysischen Schriften und ihr Eindrungen in die christliche Literatur bis zum Lateranconcil 649. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Dionysius Frage," ''IV Jahresbericht des offentlichen Privatgymnasiums an der Stelle matutina zu Feldkirch'' (Feldkirch: 1895)</ref> that definitively laid to rest the idea of tracing the texts back to the apostolic age. The scholarly consensus now identifies the corpus as the work of a fifth-century Syrian student of the pagan Neoplatonist Proclus.<ref>For more, see, for instance, [[Andrew Louth]], ''Denys the Areopagite'' (ISBN 082645772X), as well as [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], "The Odyssey of Dionysian Spirituality" in ''Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works'' (ISBN 0809128381)</ref> In his introduction to ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'', Orthodox Bishop [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]] of Toledo writes that it is "now recognized as indefensible" that the author of the Dionysian writings could be the first century disciple of St Paul.<ref>(Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications, 2013) xxv.</ref> "The first clearly datable reference to the Dionysian corpus comes to us from …532…."<ref>Ibid., xix.</ref>

Pseudo-Dionysius is recognized to be "employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=221352184 Wikipedia: Dionysius the Areopagite]; cf. also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=220002373 Wikipedia: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]</ref> Some recent Orthodox scholars (such as Frs. Georges Florovsky and John Meyendorff) have been mildly critical of the influence of the Dionysian corpus,<ref>Golitzin, xxvii.</ref> but recent defenders include Bp. (then-Igumen) [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander]], mentioned above, who sees it as a fully Christian liturgical theology,<ref>''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita'' [Thessalonika, 1994]</ref> and [[Vladimir Lossky]], who sees the Dionysian interpretation of the unknowability of God as fundamental to any Christian thought and as setting the stage for the work St. [[Gregory Palamas]].<ref>''The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church''. (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 1997) ''passim''.</ref> However controversial the texts, their theology was incorporated into the mainstream of Orthodox theology through its adoption by St. [[Maximus the Confessor]] and St. [[John of Damascus]], who quotes Dionysius' ''Letter to Titus'' in his work ''On the Divine Images'', a defense of [[icon]]s during the [[iconoclast|iconoclastic controversies]].

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Having learned goodness and maintaining continence in all things,
:you were arrayed with a good conscience as befits a priest.
:From the chosen Vessel you drew ineffable mysteries;
:you kept the faith, and finished a course equal to His.
:Bishop martyr Dionysius, entreat Christ God that our souls may be saved.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:As a disciple of the apostle caught up to the third heaven,
:you spiritually entered the gate of heaven, Dionysius.
:You were enriched with understanding of ineffable mysteries
:and enlightened those who sat in the darkness of ignorance.
:Therefore we cry to you: Rejoice, universal Father!

==References==
<references />

==Source==
*St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], ''The [[Prologue of Ohrid]]''

==External links==
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=227 Dionysios the Areopagite] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102843 Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.ccel.org/d/dionysius Dionysius, the Pseudo-Areopagite (b. c. 500): Mystical theologian] at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=117&SID=3 Dionysius the Areopagite] Q & A (OCA)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens|Dionysius I (52-96)]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:Greek Saints]]
[[Category:Seventy Apostles]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]

[[ro:Dionisie Areopagitul]]

Dionysius the Areopagite

2014-09-29T01:10:06Z

Basil: /* Works */ substantiated use of weasel word "some" and bracketed the level of criticism

[[Image:Dionysius the Areopagite.jpg|right|frame|St. Dionysius the Areopagite]]
The holy, glorious and right-victorious [[Hieromartyr]] '''Dionysius the Areopagite''' (also '''Dionysios''' or '''Denys''') was [[baptism|baptized]] by [[Saint]] [[Apostle_Paul|Paul]] in Athens and is numbered among the Seventy [[Apostles]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[October 3]].

==Life==
Prior to his baptism, Dionysius grew up in a notable family in Athens, attended philosophical school at home and abroad, was married and had several children, and was a member of the highest court in Greece, the Areopagus. After his [[conversion]] to the True Faith, St. Paul made him [[Bishop]] of Athens. Eventually he left his wife and children for [[Christ]] and went with St. Paul in [[missionary]] travel. He travelled to Jerusalem specifically to see the Most Holy [[Theotokos]] and writes of his encounter in one of his books. He was also present at her [[Dormition]].

Seeing St. Paul [[martyr]]ed in Rome, St. Dionysius desired to be a martyr as well. He went to Gaul, along with his [[presbyter]] Rusticus and the [[deacon]] Eleutherius, to preach the [[Gospel]] to the barbarians. There his suffering was equalled only by his success in [[conversion|converting]] many pagans to Christianity.

In the year 96, St. Dionysius was seized and tortured for Christ, along with Rusticus and Eleutherius, and all three were beheaded under the reign of the Emperor Domitian. St. Dionysius' head rolled a rather long way until it came to the feet of Catula, a Christian. She honorably buried it along with his body.

==Works==
Four theological works are attributed to Dionysius: ''The Divine Names'', ''The Mystical Theology'', ''The Celestial Hierarchy'', and ''The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy'', as well as eleven letters. While there were occasional questions raised regarding the true authorship of the Dionysian writings in the Middle Ages, it is Hugo Koch and Josef Stiglmayer's works (1895)<ref>"Proklus als Quelle des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre von Bösen," by Hugo Koch, ''Philologus'' 54 (1895) 438-54; ''Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum Neuplatonismu und Mysterienweses'' by Hugo Koch (Mainz: 1900); and "Der Neuplatoniker Proklos als Vorlage des sog. Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Übel," by Josef Stiglmayr, ''Historisches Jahrbuch'' 16 (1895) 253-73 and 721-48. See also Stiglmayr's "Das Aufkommen der Ps.-Dionysischen Schriften und ihr Eindrungen in die christliche Literatur bis zum Lateranconcil 649. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Dionysius Frage," ''IV Jahresbericht des offentlichen Privatgymnasiums an der Stelle matutina zu Feldkirch'' (Feldkirch: 1895)</ref> that definitively laid to rest the idea of tracing the texts back to the apostolic age. The scholarly consensus now identifies the corpus as the work of a fifth-century Syrian student of the pagan Neoplatonist Proclus.<ref>For more, see, for instance, [[Andrew Louth]], ''Denys the Areopagite'' (ISBN 082645772X), as well as [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], "The Odyssey of Dionysian Spirituality" in ''Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works'' (ISBN 0809128381)</ref> In his introduction to ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'', Orthodox Bishop [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]] of Toledo writes that it is "now recognized as indefensible" that the author of the Dionysian writings could be the first century disciple of St Paul.<ref>(Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications, 2013) xxv.</ref> "The first clearly datable reference to the Dionysian corpus comes to us from …532…."<ref>Ibid., xix.</ref>

Pseudo-Dionysius is recognized to be "employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=221352184 Wikipedia: Dionysius the Areopagite]; cf. also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=220002373 Wikipedia: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]</ref> Some recent Orthodox scholars (such as Frs. Georges Florovsky and John Meyendorff) have been mildly critical of the influence of the Dionysian corpus,<ref>Golitzin, xxvii.</ref> recent defenders include Bp. (then-Igumen) [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander]], mentioned above, who sees it as a fully Christian liturgical theology,<ref>''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita'' [Thessalonika, 1994]</ref> and [[Vladimir Lossky]], who sees the Dionysian interpretation of the unknowability of God as fundamental to any Christian thought and as setting the stage for the work St. [[Gregory Palamas]].<ref>''The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church''. (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 1997) ''passim''.</ref> However controversial the texts, their theology was incorporated into the mainstream of Orthodox theology through its adoption by St. [[Maximus the Confessor]] and St. [[John of Damascus]], who quotes Dionysius' ''Letter to Titus'' in his work ''On the Divine Images'', a defense of [[icon]]s during the [[iconoclast|iconoclastic controversies]].

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Having learned goodness and maintaining continence in all things,
:you were arrayed with a good conscience as befits a priest.
:From the chosen Vessel you drew ineffable mysteries;
:you kept the faith, and finished a course equal to His.
:Bishop martyr Dionysius, entreat Christ God that our souls may be saved.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:As a disciple of the apostle caught up to the third heaven,
:you spiritually entered the gate of heaven, Dionysius.
:You were enriched with understanding of ineffable mysteries
:and enlightened those who sat in the darkness of ignorance.
:Therefore we cry to you: Rejoice, universal Father!

==References==
<references />

==Source==
*St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], ''The [[Prologue of Ohrid]]''

==External links==
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=227 Dionysios the Areopagite] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102843 Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.ccel.org/d/dionysius Dionysius, the Pseudo-Areopagite (b. c. 500): Mystical theologian] at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=117&SID=3 Dionysius the Areopagite] Q & A (OCA)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens|Dionysius I (52-96)]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:Greek Saints]]
[[Category:Seventy Apostles]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]

[[ro:Dionisie Areopagitul]]

Dionysius the Areopagite

2014-09-29T01:06:30Z

Basil: /* Works */ "accused" was not appropriate. No one really denies the Neoplatonism of the Areopagitica.

[[Image:Dionysius the Areopagite.jpg|right|frame|St. Dionysius the Areopagite]]
The holy, glorious and right-victorious [[Hieromartyr]] '''Dionysius the Areopagite''' (also '''Dionysios''' or '''Denys''') was [[baptism|baptized]] by [[Saint]] [[Apostle_Paul|Paul]] in Athens and is numbered among the Seventy [[Apostles]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[October 3]].

==Life==
Prior to his baptism, Dionysius grew up in a notable family in Athens, attended philosophical school at home and abroad, was married and had several children, and was a member of the highest court in Greece, the Areopagus. After his [[conversion]] to the True Faith, St. Paul made him [[Bishop]] of Athens. Eventually he left his wife and children for [[Christ]] and went with St. Paul in [[missionary]] travel. He travelled to Jerusalem specifically to see the Most Holy [[Theotokos]] and writes of his encounter in one of his books. He was also present at her [[Dormition]].

Seeing St. Paul [[martyr]]ed in Rome, St. Dionysius desired to be a martyr as well. He went to Gaul, along with his [[presbyter]] Rusticus and the [[deacon]] Eleutherius, to preach the [[Gospel]] to the barbarians. There his suffering was equalled only by his success in [[conversion|converting]] many pagans to Christianity.

In the year 96, St. Dionysius was seized and tortured for Christ, along with Rusticus and Eleutherius, and all three were beheaded under the reign of the Emperor Domitian. St. Dionysius' head rolled a rather long way until it came to the feet of Catula, a Christian. She honorably buried it along with his body.

==Works==
Four theological works are attributed to Dionysius: ''The Divine Names'', ''The Mystical Theology'', ''The Celestial Hierarchy'', and ''The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy'', as well as eleven letters. While there were occasional questions raised regarding the true authorship of the Dionysian writings in the Middle Ages, it is Hugo Koch and Josef Stiglmayer's works (1895)<ref>"Proklus als Quelle des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre von Bösen," by Hugo Koch, ''Philologus'' 54 (1895) 438-54; ''Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum Neuplatonismu und Mysterienweses'' by Hugo Koch (Mainz: 1900); and "Der Neuplatoniker Proklos als Vorlage des sog. Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Übel," by Josef Stiglmayr, ''Historisches Jahrbuch'' 16 (1895) 253-73 and 721-48. See also Stiglmayr's "Das Aufkommen der Ps.-Dionysischen Schriften und ihr Eindrungen in die christliche Literatur bis zum Lateranconcil 649. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Dionysius Frage," ''IV Jahresbericht des offentlichen Privatgymnasiums an der Stelle matutina zu Feldkirch'' (Feldkirch: 1895)</ref> that definitively laid to rest the idea of tracing the texts back to the apostolic age. The scholarly consensus now identifies the corpus as the work of a fifth-century Syrian student of the pagan Neoplatonist Proclus.<ref>For more, see, for instance, [[Andrew Louth]], ''Denys the Areopagite'' (ISBN 082645772X), as well as [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], "The Odyssey of Dionysian Spirituality" in ''Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works'' (ISBN 0809128381)</ref> In his introduction to ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'', Orthodox Bishop [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]] of Toledo writes that it is "now recognized as indefensible" that the author of the Dionysian writings could be the first century disciple of St Paul.<ref>(Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications, 2013) xxv.</ref> "The first clearly datable reference to the Dionysian corpus comes to us from …532…."<ref>Ibid., xix.</ref>

Pseudo-Dionysius is recognized to be "employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=221352184 Wikipedia: Dionysius the Areopagite]; cf. also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=220002373 Wikipedia: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]</ref> But, while some recent Orthodox scholars have been critical of the influence of the Dionysian corpus, recent defenders include Bp. (then-Igumen) [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander]], mentioned above, who sees it as a fully Christian liturgical theology,<ref>''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita'' [Thessalonika, 1994]</ref> and [[Vladimir Lossky]], who sees the Dionysian interpretation of the unknowability of God as fundamental to any Christian thought and as setting the stage for the work St. [[Gregory Palamas]].<ref>''The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church''. (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 1997) ''passim''.</ref> However controversial the texts, their theology was incorporated into the mainstream of Orthodox theology through its adoption by St. [[Maximus the Confessor]] and St. [[John of Damascus]], who quotes Dionysius' ''Letter to Titus'' in his work ''On the Divine Images'', a defense of [[icon]]s during the [[iconoclast|iconoclastic controversies]].

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Having learned goodness and maintaining continence in all things,
:you were arrayed with a good conscience as befits a priest.
:From the chosen Vessel you drew ineffable mysteries;
:you kept the faith, and finished a course equal to His.
:Bishop martyr Dionysius, entreat Christ God that our souls may be saved.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:As a disciple of the apostle caught up to the third heaven,
:you spiritually entered the gate of heaven, Dionysius.
:You were enriched with understanding of ineffable mysteries
:and enlightened those who sat in the darkness of ignorance.
:Therefore we cry to you: Rejoice, universal Father!

==References==
<references />

==Source==
*St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], ''The [[Prologue of Ohrid]]''

==External links==
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=227 Dionysios the Areopagite] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102843 Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.ccel.org/d/dionysius Dionysius, the Pseudo-Areopagite (b. c. 500): Mystical theologian] at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=117&SID=3 Dionysius the Areopagite] Q & A (OCA)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens|Dionysius I (52-96)]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:Greek Saints]]
[[Category:Seventy Apostles]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]

[[ro:Dionisie Areopagitul]]

Dionysius the Areopagite

2014-09-29T01:01:41Z

Basil: /* Works */ Removing "expert" template. Work done.

[[Image:Dionysius the Areopagite.jpg|right|frame|St. Dionysius the Areopagite]]
The holy, glorious and right-victorious [[Hieromartyr]] '''Dionysius the Areopagite''' (also '''Dionysios''' or '''Denys''') was [[baptism|baptized]] by [[Saint]] [[Apostle_Paul|Paul]] in Athens and is numbered among the Seventy [[Apostles]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[October 3]].

==Life==
Prior to his baptism, Dionysius grew up in a notable family in Athens, attended philosophical school at home and abroad, was married and had several children, and was a member of the highest court in Greece, the Areopagus. After his [[conversion]] to the True Faith, St. Paul made him [[Bishop]] of Athens. Eventually he left his wife and children for [[Christ]] and went with St. Paul in [[missionary]] travel. He travelled to Jerusalem specifically to see the Most Holy [[Theotokos]] and writes of his encounter in one of his books. He was also present at her [[Dormition]].

Seeing St. Paul [[martyr]]ed in Rome, St. Dionysius desired to be a martyr as well. He went to Gaul, along with his [[presbyter]] Rusticus and the [[deacon]] Eleutherius, to preach the [[Gospel]] to the barbarians. There his suffering was equalled only by his success in [[conversion|converting]] many pagans to Christianity.

In the year 96, St. Dionysius was seized and tortured for Christ, along with Rusticus and Eleutherius, and all three were beheaded under the reign of the Emperor Domitian. St. Dionysius' head rolled a rather long way until it came to the feet of Catula, a Christian. She honorably buried it along with his body.

==Works==
Four theological works are attributed to Dionysius: ''The Divine Names'', ''The Mystical Theology'', ''The Celestial Hierarchy'', and ''The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy'', as well as eleven letters. While there were occasional questions raised regarding the true authorship of the Dionysian writings in the Middle Ages, it is Hugo Koch and Josef Stiglmayer's works (1895)<ref>"Proklus als Quelle des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre von Bösen," by Hugo Koch, ''Philologus'' 54 (1895) 438-54; ''Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum Neuplatonismu und Mysterienweses'' by Hugo Koch (Mainz: 1900); and "Der Neuplatoniker Proklos als Vorlage des sog. Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Übel," by Josef Stiglmayr, ''Historisches Jahrbuch'' 16 (1895) 253-73 and 721-48. See also Stiglmayr's "Das Aufkommen der Ps.-Dionysischen Schriften und ihr Eindrungen in die christliche Literatur bis zum Lateranconcil 649. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Dionysius Frage," ''IV Jahresbericht des offentlichen Privatgymnasiums an der Stelle matutina zu Feldkirch'' (Feldkirch: 1895)</ref> that definitively laid to rest the idea of tracing the texts back to the apostolic age. The scholarly consensus now identifies the corpus as the work of a fifth-century Syrian student of the pagan Neoplatonist Proclus.<ref>For more, see, for instance, [[Andrew Louth]], ''Denys the Areopagite'' (ISBN 082645772X), as well as [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], "The Odyssey of Dionysian Spirituality" in ''Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works'' (ISBN 0809128381)</ref> In his introduction to ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'', Orthodox Bishop [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]] of Toledo writes that it is "now recognized as indefensible" that the author of the Dionysian writings could be the first century disciple of St Paul.<ref>(Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications, 2013) xxv.</ref> "The first clearly datable reference to the Dionysian corpus comes to us from …532…."<ref>Ibid., xix.</ref>

Pseudo-Dionysius has been accused of "employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=221352184 Wikipedia: Dionysius the Areopagite]; cf. also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=220002373 Wikipedia: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]</ref> But, while some recent Orthodox scholars have been critical of the influence of the Dionysian corpus, recent defenders include Bp. (then-Igumen) [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander]], mentioned above, who sees it as a fully Christian liturgical theology,<ref>''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita'' [Thessalonika, 1994]</ref> and [[Vladimir Lossky]], who sees the Dionysian interpretation of the unknowability of God as fundamental to any Christian thought and as setting the stage for the work St. [[Gregory Palamas]].<ref>''The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church''. (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 1997) ''passim''.</ref> However controversial the texts, their theology was incorporated into the mainstream of Orthodox theology through its adoption by St. [[Maximus the Confessor]] and St. [[John of Damascus]], who quotes Dionysius' ''Letter to Titus'' in his work ''On the Divine Images'', a defense of [[icon]]s during the [[iconoclast|iconoclastic controversies]].

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Having learned goodness and maintaining continence in all things,
:you were arrayed with a good conscience as befits a priest.
:From the chosen Vessel you drew ineffable mysteries;
:you kept the faith, and finished a course equal to His.
:Bishop martyr Dionysius, entreat Christ God that our souls may be saved.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:As a disciple of the apostle caught up to the third heaven,
:you spiritually entered the gate of heaven, Dionysius.
:You were enriched with understanding of ineffable mysteries
:and enlightened those who sat in the darkness of ignorance.
:Therefore we cry to you: Rejoice, universal Father!

==References==
<references />

==Source==
*St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], ''The [[Prologue of Ohrid]]''

==External links==
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=227 Dionysios the Areopagite] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102843 Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.ccel.org/d/dionysius Dionysius, the Pseudo-Areopagite (b. c. 500): Mystical theologian] at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=117&SID=3 Dionysius the Areopagite] Q & A (OCA)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens|Dionysius I (52-96)]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:Greek Saints]]
[[Category:Seventy Apostles]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]

[[ro:Dionisie Areopagitul]]

Dionysius the Areopagite

2014-09-29T01:00:11Z

Basil: /* Works */ fixing missing /ref tag

[[Image:Dionysius the Areopagite.jpg|right|frame|St. Dionysius the Areopagite]]
The holy, glorious and right-victorious [[Hieromartyr]] '''Dionysius the Areopagite''' (also '''Dionysios''' or '''Denys''') was [[baptism|baptized]] by [[Saint]] [[Apostle_Paul|Paul]] in Athens and is numbered among the Seventy [[Apostles]]. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on [[October 3]].

==Life==
Prior to his baptism, Dionysius grew up in a notable family in Athens, attended philosophical school at home and abroad, was married and had several children, and was a member of the highest court in Greece, the Areopagus. After his [[conversion]] to the True Faith, St. Paul made him [[Bishop]] of Athens. Eventually he left his wife and children for [[Christ]] and went with St. Paul in [[missionary]] travel. He travelled to Jerusalem specifically to see the Most Holy [[Theotokos]] and writes of his encounter in one of his books. He was also present at her [[Dormition]].

Seeing St. Paul [[martyr]]ed in Rome, St. Dionysius desired to be a martyr as well. He went to Gaul, along with his [[presbyter]] Rusticus and the [[deacon]] Eleutherius, to preach the [[Gospel]] to the barbarians. There his suffering was equalled only by his success in [[conversion|converting]] many pagans to Christianity.

In the year 96, St. Dionysius was seized and tortured for Christ, along with Rusticus and Eleutherius, and all three were beheaded under the reign of the Emperor Domitian. St. Dionysius' head rolled a rather long way until it came to the feet of Catula, a Christian. She honorably buried it along with his body.

==Works==
{{expert}}
Four theological works are attributed to Dionysius: ''The Divine Names'', ''The Mystical Theology'', ''The Celestial Hierarchy'', and ''The Ecclesiastical Hierarchy'', as well as eleven letters. While there were occasional questions raised regarding the true authorship of the Dionysian writings in the Middle Ages, it is Hugo Koch and Josef Stiglmayer's works (1895)<ref>"Proklus als Quelle des Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre von Bösen," by Hugo Koch, ''Philologus'' 54 (1895) 438-54; ''Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagita in seinen Beziehungen zum Neuplatonismu und Mysterienweses'' by Hugo Koch (Mainz: 1900); and "Der Neuplatoniker Proklos als Vorlage des sog. Dionysius Areopagita in der Lehre vom Übel," by Josef Stiglmayr, ''Historisches Jahrbuch'' 16 (1895) 253-73 and 721-48. See also Stiglmayr's "Das Aufkommen der Ps.-Dionysischen Schriften und ihr Eindrungen in die christliche Literatur bis zum Lateranconcil 649. Ein zweiter Beitrag zur Dionysius Frage," ''IV Jahresbericht des offentlichen Privatgymnasiums an der Stelle matutina zu Feldkirch'' (Feldkirch: 1895)</ref> that definitively laid to rest the idea of tracing the texts back to the apostolic age. The scholarly consensus now identifies the corpus as the work of a fifth-century Syrian student of the pagan Neoplatonist Proclus.<ref>For more, see, for instance, [[Andrew Louth]], ''Denys the Areopagite'' (ISBN 082645772X), as well as [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], "The Odyssey of Dionysian Spirituality" in ''Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works'' (ISBN 0809128381)</ref> In his introduction to ''Mystagogy: A Monastic Reading of Dionysius Areopagita'', Orthodox Bishop [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander (Golitzin)]] of Toledo writes that it is "now recognized as indefensible" that the author of the Dionysian writings could be the first century disciple of St Paul.<ref>(Collegeville, MN: Cistercian Publications, 2013) xxv.</ref> "The first clearly datable reference to the Dionysian corpus comes to us from …532…."<ref>Ibid., xix.</ref>

Pseudo-Dionysius has been accused of "employing Neoplatonic language to elucidate Christian theological and mystical ideas."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=221352184 Wikipedia: Dionysius the Areopagite]; cf. also [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudo-Dionysius_the_Areopagite&oldid=220002373 Wikipedia: Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite]</ref> But, while some recent Orthodox scholars have been critical of the influence of the Dionysian corpus, recent defenders include Bp. (then-Igumen) [[Alexander Golitzin|Alexander]], mentioned above, who sees it as a fully Christian liturgical theology,<ref>''Et introibo ad altare dei: The Mystagogy of Dionysius Areopagita'' [Thessalonika, 1994]</ref> and [[Vladimir Lossky]], who sees the Dionysian interpretation of the unknowability of God as fundamental to any Christian thought and as setting the stage for the work St. [[Gregory Palamas]].<ref>''The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church''. (Crestwood, NY: SVS Press, 1997) ''passim''.</ref> However controversial the texts, their theology was incorporated into the mainstream of Orthodox theology through its adoption by St. [[Maximus the Confessor]] and St. [[John of Damascus]], who quotes Dionysius' ''Letter to Titus'' in his work ''On the Divine Images'', a defense of [[icon]]s during the [[iconoclast|iconoclastic controversies]].

==Hymns==
[[Troparion]] (Tone 4)
:Having learned goodness and maintaining continence in all things,
:you were arrayed with a good conscience as befits a priest.
:From the chosen Vessel you drew ineffable mysteries;
:you kept the faith, and finished a course equal to His.
:Bishop martyr Dionysius, entreat Christ God that our souls may be saved.
[[Kontakion]] (Tone 8)
:As a disciple of the apostle caught up to the third heaven,
:you spiritually entered the gate of heaven, Dionysius.
:You were enriched with understanding of ineffable mysteries
:and enlightened those who sat in the darkness of ignorance.
:Therefore we cry to you: Rejoice, universal Father!

==References==
<references />

==Source==
*St. [[Nikolai Velimirovic]], ''The [[Prologue of Ohrid]]''

==External links==
*[http://goarch.org/en/chapel/saints.asp?contentid=227 Dionysios the Areopagite] ([[GOARCH]])
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102843 Hieromartyr Dionysius the Areopagite the Bishop of Athens] ([[OCA]])
*[http://www.ccel.org/d/dionysius Dionysius, the Pseudo-Areopagite (b. c. 500): Mystical theologian] at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library
*[http://www.oca.org/QA.asp?ID=117&SID=3 Dionysius the Areopagite] Q & A (OCA)

[[Category:Bishops]]
[[Category:1st-century bishops]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Athens|Dionysius I (52-96)]]
[[Category:Church Fathers]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Ante-Nicene Saints]]
[[Category:Greek Saints]]
[[Category:Seventy Apostles]]
[[Category:1st-century saints]]

[[ro:Dionisie Areopagitul]]